1. SOUTH AFRICA “TobeHuman,Tobe Free”

2. HISTORY I -Khoisantribes:nomadic hunters, gatherers: theylived in South Africaforabout 40.000 years, reached Buena Esperanza Cape. -S. XV: South Africabecame a commonscaleforEuropeanexpeditions. -1498: Vasco de Gama openedtheroute of thespeciesbyBuena Esperanza Cape. -1652: DutchmanJan Van Riebeckestablish a permanentsttlement of supply in TableBay, which Cape Town isnowadays. -Late S.XVIII: decline of theNetherlands. Britain, is off toconquer Anotherpart of Africa. Thebritishinmigrantsfamiliessettled in thecities, increasingthedivisionbetween rural and urbanareas.

3. HISTORY II -Slavery: abolished in 1834, butthedivisionbetweenblacks and whites in theworkcontinuedsame. -Thefirst Anglo-Boerwarwassettledwithvictoryforthe Boers and theestablishment of theZuid-AfrikaanscheRepubliek. Thebritishwithdrew, untiltheydiscovered a hugegolddepositnearJohannesburg. -In 1902, theboershadexhaustedconventionalresources and wentontoperform guerrilla actions.

4. HISTORY III -1910: TheUnion of South Africawascreated and adopted a barrage of racistlegislationthatrestrictedtherights of blacks and laidthefoundations of apartheid. -1969: demostratorswerekilled in riots in Sharpeville and leadersAfricanNationalCongress (ANC), including Nelson Mandela, entry in prision. -Afterleavingthe Commonwealth en 1961, South Africawasisolatedfromtheworld.

5. HISTORY IV -South Africa responded withweaponsfromlimited strikes (Mozambique and Lesotho) tolargescaleoffensive (Angola y Namibia). -Middle 80’s explodedviolenceamongblacks in theTownshipsthemselves. -Free elections of 1994 exaltedto ANC and Nelson Mandela becamepresident. South AfricarejoinedtheConwealth a fewmonthslater unos meses después. In 1996 itapprovedthe new constitution, whichmatchedbeforethelawtoallcitizens. -1999: the country voted in a multiracialelectionsforthesecond time in itshistory. Despitethewithdrawal of Nelson Mandela, the ANC again won theelectionswithThabo Mbeki allowingittoamendtheContitution.

6. BORDERS

7. GEOGRAFHY

8. cont. GEOGRAFHY -Locatedsouthend of theafricancontinent. -ItextendsfromtheTropic of Capricornto Cape Agulhas, 35º S whichisthesouthernmostpoint of thecountri and thereforetheafricancontinent. -Area:1.219.080 km². -Coastline:2.954 Km long, washedbythewaters of theIndianOceaneast of warmwater, pushedfromthenorthbythe Mozambique current and Atlantictothewest, thecoldwaters of theBenguelacurrents. -Majorrivers: Orange riverwhichflowsintotheAtlanticOcean and itsmaintributary, the Vaal river; Limpopo riverflowingintotheIndianOcean.

9. cont. GEOGRAFHY -Big country: more thanGermany, Holland, Belgium, France and Italytogether. -Itstretches 2.000 km fromthe Limpopo river, in thenorttothe Cape Agulhas, south, and about 1.500 km from Port Nolloth, in thewesttoDurban, in theeast. -Itisdividedintothreemainareas: thevast interior plateau (Highveld), the Great Escarpment (Great Escarpment) at itsnorthernend (the Kalahari Basin) and thenarrowcoastalplain (Lowveld). -Thesubcontinent has a string of islandsthatreachtheAntarctic.

10. RELIEF (you can enlargetoseebetter)

11. cont. RELIEF -Land: geologicallyveryold, dividedinto 16 diferentes types, thisexplainsthe vas country’s mineral wealth. -2 Topographicrelieftypes: large circular inlandplateau: anaverageelevation of 1,200m Above sea lever, calledtheHiveld (thehighlands), characterizedbylowrainfall, seasonalrivers, thebarrenness of thesoil,largedailytemperaturevariation and mineral wealth. -West liesthe Kalahari Desert. -Land of thecoastsurrondingtheplateauform a beltstretching 60 Km. wide in thewestangraduallywidenstowardthenortheastto more than 220 Km., known as theLowveld (orlowland), luxuriantvegetation, thevastwealth floral, fruit, livestock and vasttracts of foerestry, nauralforests, fisheriesincrediblerichnessanbeauty of itsbeaches.

12. MAP 9 PROVINCES

13. 1.-PROVINCE OF GAUTENG: -Provincial capital: Johannesburg -Soweto -GoldReef City -Sandton -Pretoria -Reseda -Sierras de Magaliesberg. -Sterkfontein -Cullinan

14. JOHANNESBURG

15. 2.-PROVINCE OF NORTH WEST: -Provincial capital: Mafikeng -Hartbeespoort -Sun City -Parque Nacional Pilanesberg 3.-PROVINCE OF LIMPOPO: -Provincial capital:Polokwane -Tzaneen -Parque Nacional Kruger 4.-PROVINCE OF FREE STATE: -Provincial capital: Bloemfontein.

16. 5.-PROVINCE OF MPUMALANGA -Provincial capital: Mpumalanga -Dullstroom -Lydenburg -Sabie -Pilgrim’sRest -La Ventana de Dios -El Cañón del Río Blyde -Nelspruit 6.-PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL -Provincial capital: Pietermaritzburg -Durban -Thousands Hill Valley -Shakaland -Hluhluwe-Umfolozi -Santa Lucía -Drakensberg de Natal

17. PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL

18. 7.- PROVINCE OF EASTERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Bisho -Garden Route -NationalForest Park Tsitsikamma -NationalCoast Park Tsitsikamma -National Park ElephanAddo -Nacional Park Zebra Mountain 8.-PROVINCE OF WESTERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Cape Town -Natural Reserve Buena Esperanza Cape -WineyardsRoute -Garden Route -Oudtshoorn -National Park Wilderness -Knysna -PlettenbergBay -Nature’s Valley

19. WESTERN CAPE

20. 9.-PROVINCE DEL NORTHERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Kimberley -National Park Namaqualand -Natiional Park Augrabies -National Park Kalahari Gemsbok -Clarens -National Park GoldenGateHighlands -ulturalVillageBasutu -Bloemfontein

21. FLORA & FAUNA -Lanmammals: global superlatives: lagerst (africanelephant), thesmallest (pygmyshrew), thetallest (thegiraffe) and thefastest (the Cheeatah). -Latestimportantpopulations of blackrhinos and white (withhornsintact). -Cocodriles in therivers of theLowveld. -Hippos in thenortherncoastalregions. -Birdsnumerous: thelargest in theworld (theostrick), theflyingbirdlarger (theKoriBustard), in additiontosunbirds, Flemishanthe sociable weaverbird Thatlives in cities of grassthtthesameconstructs. -Flora: diverse, wild flowers (lilies and tritoma in pastures). -Cape Kingdom West: isone of thesix floral kingdomsexisting in the planet.

22. FAUNA

23. FLORA

24. FAUNA

25. FAUNA

26. CLIMA CLIMATE

27. cont. CLIMATE

28. cont. CLIMATE

29. cont. CLIMATE -Plateau:lowrainfall, whereborntheriverssouthafricans. -Cape Town: winterrainfal: average:750 mm. -Differencetemperaturewinter/summer: 10º C. -West Coast: more dry and windy, especiallyduringthemonth of August and September. -Brightsun: 9 hours a day, spectacularsunsets.

30. cont. CLIMATE -Variable Weather: Duetoitslength -North west: subtropical climate. -West part: semiaridclimate in thewest. -Averageannualprecipitationis 464 mm. -Precipitation: abundant in the East. -Wetlands: Southeastaround Cape Town. -North Cape: dry and warmcoast.

31. RELIGION -Majorreligion: christianity (55% of protestan population, 9% catholic). -Other: africantraditionalreligions, islam, mormonism, hinduism, jewishcommunity (3% of whites).

32. LANGUAGES South Africarecognizes 11 languages as officiallanguages. -Themaintwo are of Europeanorigin: theenglishused as a vehicle of communicationamongallSoutAfricans and Afrikaans derivedfromtheDutchman, isusedbythe Boers and alsobythecolored. -Theotherofficiallanguages are: ndebele, sesotho, sotho septentrional, tswana, swazi, salebowa, tsona, venda, xhosa y zulú.

33. POPULATION -44 millioninhabitants. -4 ethnicgroups: blacks (75.2%); white (13.6%); mixed (8.6%) e hindu (2.6%). -Seriuousproblems of character social, employment and health (mainly AIDS, which es estimatedtoaffect 20% of thepopulation). -Population of mostlyblackworkingclass. -Middle and upperclasses: mainlywhite.-Statistics: black sector byacquiring more purchasingpower.. -Fuerza laboral: 28% de la población. -Unemployment: 30%. -50% of thepopulation living belowthepoor line.

34. BLACK POPULATION

35. KOISHAN

36. ZULÚ

37. XHOSA

38. NDEBELES

39. SWAZIS

40. BASOTHO

41. MESTIZOS

42. HINDUS

43. PRACTICAL INFORMATION: President: ThaboMruyelwaMbeki Hora local: GMT+2 Electricity: 220/230 V (250 V in Pretoria), 50 Hz Healthrisks: malaria isconfinedlargely. Thequality of servicesisexcellentbutexpensive.

44. ECONOMY GDP: 146,000 million U.S. $ GDP per cápita: 2.133 $ Annualgrowth: 0,9% Inflationary: 7,8% Majoreconomicresources: minery, finance, insurance, foodelaboration. Major trading partners: U.S., U.K., Germany, Italy and Japon. -31.8% of African GDP, especially in themining and manufacturingarea. -Currency: Rand, dividedinto 100 cent. -Johannesburg Stock Exchange isthelargest of Africa. -Industria more powerful and diversifiedthroughouttheAfricancontinent.

45. COMUNICATIONS Airports: -International airports: Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, Durban Ciudad del Cabo. -More tahn60 internationalairlinesfrom and towardsalltheworld -Johannesburg: Africa’sbestairportforthepast 2 years. Roads: -Excellentroadnework of highways and roadsthatcrossthewhole country. -An excelente network of domesticconnections. -There’s no problemtomovebetweencities. -There are more than 7200km of nationalhighways. -More than 50000 km of provincial roads.

47. POLICY-GOVERNMENT-ADMINISTRATION -Pretoria (2 million): Administrative Capital. -Ciudad del Cabo (2,9 million): Law Capital. -Bloemfontein (645,000 million): Judicial Capital. -Johannesburgo (over 4.1 million):Principal financial and business center.

48. PRETORIA

49. TELECOMMUNICATONS -Leadingtelecommunications in Africa. -5 millionlandlines(11% of population). -More than 15 millionmobilephones (34% of population). -More than 2 million regular Internet users. -Almostalltelecommunications are digital. -Allevents (exampleWorld Cup) willbeconnetedwithopticalfiber.

50. cont. TELECOMMUNICATIONS PHONE CALLS AND TIME DIFFERENCE: Codes of South Africa: Internacional: 27 Johannesburgo: 11 Pretoria: 12 Ciudad del Cabo:21 Durban: 31

51. cont. TELECOMMUNICATIONS

52. TOURISM -Quicklyincreasethankstowellequippednetwork of infraestructure and services: generals(aiports, motorways, railways, etc...) and tourism(hotels, restaurants, accomodationsynprotectedareas, tour operators, etc.). -Theeconomicsystem and racial segregationhavecreated a middleclass and uppermiddlewhitewhithhighpurchasingpower: animportantaconsumerofrtourismservicesaroundthe country. -International Tourism: Firstmarket: mostlyclose: Zimbabwueo Botswana, Lesotho y Swazilandia. Secondmarket: european (mostly: UK and Germany). -Intra regional tavels: veryimportantmarketbecausebusiness. Flowswithdirectiontocities.

53. TOP CITYS Cap Town: hollandinfluence, picturesqueVineyardRoute.. Johannesburg: Forest City, therichest in the country: exploitation of vasta deposits of gold. Soweto: dynamic, cradle of theresistance of apartheid, nowexample of anurbanblacksociety. Pretoria: Garden City and thenation’sadministrative capital. Durban: istheWellnes Center ontheIndianOceanwithbeautifulbeachesanwaterqualitybenefitsallyear round.

54. Soweto

55. STAR PRODUCTS URBAN TOURISM: CAP TOWN -Secondcitywith more poopulation. -Legislative Center. -Consideratedthemostbeatifulcityforitslocation in a estuarydominated byspectacular Tabla Montain. -Situatedo in theatlanticcoast- Western Cape province. -Mediterraneanclimate. -Along Natal province, it’sone of themostimportantcoastline destinations.

56. CAP TOWN

57. STAR PRODUCTS SUN & BEACH TOURISM: -Basicallyfordomesticmarket. -Disadvantageatlanticcoastline: bathedbythestuary of Benguela: watertemperatureisnotcomfortable. -Índico: more warm subtropical climate, rains in summer. -Importantareas: between Buena Esperanza Cap and Durban: beach and watersports. -More developmentareas in thiscoastline:GardenRoute- in the western Western Cape province , link severaltouristcsareas: East London, Knysa o JeffreysBay.

58. cont. STAR PRODUCTS cont. SUN & BEACH TOURISM: Durban: -Spectacular tropical vegetation. -Verynivebeaches: Milla de Oro, Margate, Amanzimtoti, Umhalanga, etc. softwhitesandlappedbythewarmturquoisewatersIndianOceanwith dolphins. -Surferparadise. -Many balnearios. -Cruise Port. -House of King of Zulus. -Botanicalgarden. -BeatynatureKranzkloofarea. -Aristocraticresidentialarea.

59. Durban:

60. cont. STAR PRODUCT NATURE TOURISM: -Nature: onethemostimportanttouristresource in South Africa. -Domesticmarket: higheconomicpower. -Variety of lodging: types and quality. -Camping areas, villageswellequippedwithallfacilitie and luxury. -Huntingprivateareasnearreservednatureareas. -Kruger: Themostvisited Park: verybigarea in thenorh, miles foreign Touristsvisititeachyear. It`sonethebettermanagednatureareas in thecontinent . -Drakensberg Mountain: spectacularmountainsrange. (Diego A. Barrado y Jordi Calabuig: Geografía mundial del turismo, Editorial Síntesis, 2001:416-417).

61. DrakensbergMountains

62. NATURAL PARKS: -KRUGER PARK. -PILANESBERG. -SANTA LUCÍA. -BLYDE RIVER. -MPUMALANGA TSITSIKAMA PANORAMIC ROUTE. -GARDEN ROUTE.

63. KRUGER PARK

64. GARDEN ROUTE

65. MORE PRODUCTS -BEAUTY & HEALTH TOURISM/THERMAL TOURISM: DURBAN -SPORT & ADVENTURES TOURISM:DURBAN -RESIDENTIAL. -RURAL TOURISM.

66. cont. MORE PRODUCTS -CRUISE TOURISM. -ECO TOURISM. -LANGUAGE TOURISM. -EVENTS TOURISM: World Cup 2010. -HUNTING TOURISM. -SAFARI TOURISM.

67. SAFARIS TOURISM: EASTERN CAP

68. POTENTIAL PRODUCTS -POLITICAL TOURISM: Apartheid-Nelson Mandela. -HUMANS RIGHTS TOURISM: racism. -MEDICAL TOURISM:http://medicalaudit.com.ar/2009/10/se-unen -clinicas-privadas-para-impulsar-el-turismo-medico/ -FILM TOURISM: Social, Policy, Lansdcape. -ETHNIC TOURISM: tribal cultures: Lesedi. -JOURNALISM TOURISM.

69. ROUTES MAP

70. KM. TABLE

71. PUBLIC PROMOTION WEB PAGES South AfricaGovernment: http://www.gov.za/ Tourism Oficial Web: http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/home South AfricaEmbassy in SMadrid: http://www.sudafrica.com/ South AfricaStatics: http://www.statssa.gov.za/

72. PRIVATE PROMOTION WEB PAGES http://www.turismosudafrica.com/ http://www.sudafricaworld.com/ http://www.sudafrica.co.za/turismo.htm http://www.africatourism.com/ZA/ES/symbol.asp?symbol=21 http://arc.peacecorpsconnect.org/

74. Christian Barnard, doctor (firsthearttransplant).

75. Albert John Lutuli, teacheranpolitical, Peace Nobel Prize in1960.

76. Nelson Mandela, leader and firstblack presidente of South Africa, Peace Nobel Prize in.

77. Frederik De Klerk, southafrican presidente whoreleasedto Mandela y finishedwith Apartheid, Peace Nobel Prize.

78. Desmond Tutu, anglicanbishop and pacifist, Peace Nobel Prize in 1984.

79. J.M. Coetzee, writer, Nobel Prize in Literature.

80. Nadie Gordimer, NobePrize in Literature.

82. CharlizeTheron, firstafricanactresswhowin a Oscar.

83. Paul Krug, president of Transvaalsince 1883 to1900.