ciltivation and processing aspect of arecanut

1. RECENT ADVENCES IN PRODUCTION AND
PROCESSING
OF
ARECANUT
COURSE TITLE:-PLANTATIONCROP
COURSE CODE:-FSC-503
CREDIT HOURS:-3(2+1)
-:SUBMITTED TO:-
DR K.C MOHAPATRA
(DEPT. OF PLANTATION CROP)
-:submitted by:-
Mr Manas Kumar Patel
Admn. No:-01Fsc/2014
Dept. of fruit science and
horticultural technology

2. INTRODUCTION
 ARECA NUT CULTIVATED PRIMARILY FOR ITS KERNEL OBTAINED FROM THE FRUIT,
WHICH IS CHEWED FOR ITS TENDER, RIPE, AND PROCESSED FORM AND IT IS
CALLED AS SUPARI OR BEETLE NUT.
 ARECA NUT STAND AS A BACKYARD CROP
 ARECOTINE (0.1%) FOUND IN ARECA NUT AS
STIMULATING AGENT.
B.N.:-ARECA CATECHU
FAMILY:-ARECACEAE
2N:-32
O.P:-INDONESIA

3. Areca nut
plant
Bunch ready for
harvest
Harvested
bunch
Single fruit of
arecanut
Areca nut
Beetle leaves and Disposal areca leaf plates

4. BOTANY
• MONOECIOUS PALM (MALE AND FEMALE FLOWER IN SAME PLANT)
• INFLORESCENCE:- SPADIX (IT PRODUCE FROM LEAF AXIL AND COMPLETELY
ENCLOSED IN A SEALED BOAT SHAPED SPATHE)
• MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS ARE SESSILE WITH 2 WHORL OF PERIANTH.
• FRUIT:-MONOLOCULAR, BERRY WITH SINGLE SEEDED WHICH IS COVERED BY
FIBROUS OUTER HUSK
• CROSS POLLINATED PLANT.
• POLLINATOR:-HONEY BEES
AND AIR.

5. STATITISTIC OF ARECANUT
 INDIA IS LARGEST PRODUCER AND CONSUMER OF ARECANUT.
 AREA:-57% AND WORLD PRODUCTION OF 53%.
 NEARLY 90% OF ARECANUT PRODUCTION COME FROM KARNATAKA(38%),
ASSAM AND KERALA.
 SMALL EXTENT:-T.N, MEGHALAYA,W.B, M.H.
 MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVITY STATE:-MAHARASTRA(3,947KG/HA).
 EXPORT COUNTRY:-NEPAL, U.K, SINGAPORE,MALDIVES, AND SOUDIARAB.

6. CLIMATE AND SOIL
• ARECA NUT IS A TROPICAL CROP.
• MOSTLY CONFINED TO 28º NORTH AND SOUTH .
• ALTITUDE:-1000M MSL
• RF:-RANGE OF 1000MM-5000MM
• TEMP:-14ºC AND 36ºC AND IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURES
BELOW 10ºC AND ABOVE 40ºC.
• SOIL:-LATERITIC,RED LOAM,ALLUVIAL SOIL IS GOOD
• SOIL SHOULD BE DEEP AND WELL DRAINED(SOIL DEPTH SHOULD FALL BELOW
1M.)
• SLIGHTLY ACIDIC SOIL TO NUTRAL SOIL.

7. VARIETY OF ARECANUT
s.r.
no
cultivor EVOLVED FROM YIELD OF NUT
(RIPE NUTS/PALM/YEAR)
1 Mangla
(VTL-3)
CHINA 10 KG
2 Sumangla
(VTL-11)
INDONESIA 17.25KG
3 Sree
mangla
(VTL-17)
SINGAPORE 15.63KG
4 Mahitnagar INDEGENOUS 3.7KG
5 Calicut 17 RECOMMEND FOR ANDAMAN
AND NICOBAR
4.34KG
6 SAS 17 SIRSI,KERNATAKA
RECOMMENDED FOR
KARNATAKA
4.60KG

8. NURSERY
 COMMERCIAL PROPAGATION BY SEED-NUT(35G).
PROCEDURE OF PROPAGATION
SELECTION OF MOTHER PALMS
(PLANT SHOULD BE HIGH YEILDING, EARLY, MORE FRUIT SET, SHORTER
INTERNODE, MORE LEAF PRODUCING AND 4 BUNCH PER YEAR)
COLLECTED FULLY RIPE NUTS
(MALFORMED NUTS ARE REJECTED, FULLY RIPE, HEAVIER NUTS, HIGHER
GERMINATION %, VIGOROUS SEEDLINGS)
NOTE:-NUTS FLOAT VERTICALLY WITH CALYX END POINT UP WORDS WHEN
ALLOWED TO FLOAT ON WATER IS SELECT.
SEED SOWN IN VERTICAL POSITION

9. GERMINATE OF SEED WITHIN 45 DAYS TO 3 MONTHS
(SEED PLANT WITH STALK END UP BY SPACING OF 5X5CM )
SEEDLING OF 2-3 LEAF STAGE TRNSFER TO SECONDARY NURSERY FOR 6 MONTH
(TRANSPLANT 90 DAYS SEEDLINGS HAVING 2-3 LEAVES IN TO SECONDARY NURSERY WITH
SPACING OF 30X30 CM.)
12-18 MONTHS SEEDLING OF >5 LEAF ARE TRANSFER TO MAIN FIELD
(SEEDLINGS WITH MINIMUM HEIGHT AND MAXIMUM GIRTH ARE TO BE SELECTED FOR
PLANTING.)
PLANT ARE PLANTED AT SPACING OF 2.7X2.7 M WITH NORTH TO SOUTH DIRECTION.
(FIG OF NURSERY TECHNIQUE OF ARECA NUT)

10. PLANTING
• PIT SIZE:-(90CM)3
• SPACING:-1.25X1.25M OR 3.6X3.6M
• PLANTING SYSTEM:-SQUARE SYSTEM OF PLANTING.
• MULTI-TIER CROPPING SYSTEM.
• PLANTING TIME:-MAY-JUN
NOTE:-WELL-DRAINED SOILS, PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 90 CM IS RECOMMENDED
AND IN HEAVY SOILS PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 60 CM IS RECOMMENDED.
Planting of areca nut
Multi tier
cropping
Square system
planting

11. INTERCULTURAL OPERATION
 DRAINAGE:-HEAVY SOILS-CHANNELS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 15 – 30 CM
DEEPER THAN THE DEPTH AT WHICH THE SEEDLINGS ARE PLANTED.
 SHADING:-THE PALMS ARE HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE FOR SUN SCORCHING SO
RAISING CROPS LIKE BANANA IN BETWEEN TWO ROWS OF ARECANUT.
 MANURING:-100:40:140(N:P:K) AND GREEN LEAF MANURE AND COMPOST:-
12 KG/PLANT
 IRRIGATION:-4-7 DAYS INTERVAL@175 LTRS/PALM IN HOT AND DRY
WEATHER. SPRINKLER AND DRIP IRRIGATIONS CAN SAVE 20 AND 44 PER CENT
RESPECTIVELY OF WATER
 FERTIGATION:-STUDIES AT CPCRI HAVE SHOWN-
a) INITIAL STAGES OF ARECA GARDEN ONLY 75% OF THE RECOMMENDED DOSE
OF FERTILIZER IS SUFFICIENT
b) FERTILIZER SHOULD BE SPLIT INTO TEN PARTS AND SHOULD BE APPLIED
ONCE IN 20 DAYS FROM NOVEMBER TO MAY.
 COVER CROP:-MIMOSA INVISA.STYLOSANTHUS GRACILIS IN APRIL- MAY.
 MIXED CROP:-ARECA NUT WITH COCOA(1:1 RATIO WITH 2.7M X2.7M
SPACING) MIXED CROP VIZ., PEPPER, COCOA, BANANA, LIME AND BETELVINE.

12. HARVESTING AND YIELD
• ACCORDING TO TYPE OF PRODUCT AS CONSUMER REQUIREMENT IN
MARKET NUT IS HARVESTED.
• HARVESTING PERIOD:-JUNE – JULY (TENDER NUT) AND NOV – MARCH (RIPE
NUT).
• 45-50 DAYS INTERVAL PICKING OF NUT FOR 3 PICKING
• HARVESTING BY:-CLIMBING, LONG BAMBOO POLE, SHARP SICKLE OR
HOOK.
climbing Mechanical
harvesting
Bamboo pole

13. YIELD
• 10TH YEAR PLANT:->10 KG RIPE NUT/TREE.
FIRST
SECOND
THIRD
FOURTH
SIXTH
SEVENTH
EIGHTH

14. PRESERVATION OF ARECA NUT
 FULLY RIPE NUT CAN STORE-1 YEAR (KERLA AND ASSAM)
 BURA TAMUL (IN ASSAM FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT WILL LACED IN THICK LAYER OF MUD.
 NEETTADAKKA (IN KERLA FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT KEPT IN WATER BACTERIA ATTACK TO INNER CORE
DISCOLOURATION OF HUSK AND FOUL SMELL OCCUR.
(NOTE:-REMOVING OF FOUL SMELL—0.1% SOD. BENZOATE+0.2%
KMNO4+SULPHURIC ACID UP TO PH 3.5-4,STEEING OF RIPE NUT AFTER HEAT
BLANCH WILL HELP FOR REMOVING FOUL SMELL.)

15. PROCESSING
OF ARECA
NUT
(DRY NUT)
• KOTTAPAK/CHALI:-
RIPE FRUITS DRY FOR 35-40 DAYS
MARKETED WHEN 12% MOISTURE OBTAINED
FOUND IN:-KERLA,KN,ASSAM,MAHARASTRA.
PAREHA:-
FRUIT CUT LONGITUDINALLY 2 EQUAL HALVES
SUN DRY FOR 10 DAYS SCOOP OUT
KERNEL
DRYING OF NUT
FOUND IN:-KERLA AND KERNATAKA.
MECHANICALLY:-7-8 DAYS AT TEMP OF 45-
75DEGREE.
Kottapak/chali

16. KALIPAK
(TENDER
NUT)
• KALIPAK:-
TENDER NUT
DEHUSKED
CUT IN TO PIECES
BOILED WITH WATER
COATED WITH KALI 3-4 TIMES FOR GLOSSY
APPEARANCE
DRIED IT

17. SCENTED
SUPARI
(MADE FROM
BOTH CHALI
AND KALIPAK)
SCENTED SUPARI:-
DRY NUT
BROKE IN TO BIT
BLEND WITH SPICE, ESSENTIAL OIL AND
FLAVOURING AGENT
PACKED IN BUTTER PAPER
SWEETENING AGENT:-SACCHARINE
FLAVOURING AGENT:-ROSE ESSENCE AND
METHANOL

18. s.R
no
constituent Uses of by product
1 Tanin(30-
37% in
tender,16-
22% in ripe)
Adhesive in plywood. food colour, dying purposein cloth and
leather, ink preparation.
2 Fat (8-12%) Confectionary product with cocoa.substitute for vanaspati.
3 Alkaloid(1.5
%)
Anti-bacterial, aricotene reduces blood cholesterol
4 Areca husk Hard board, brown wrapping paper etc
5 Stem and
leaf sheath
Basket, ruler, tray, cups, different plates etc
Uses of arecanut
byproduct

19. INSECT,PEST AND DISEASE
S.R
No
Name of
pest
Causal pest symptom managemnet
1 mites Oligonychus indicus Dicofol @
0.05%
2 Spindle
bug
Calvalhoia arecae Phorate @
2gm

20. DISEASE
S.R Disease
name
Causal organism symptom control
1 Mahali/kole
roga
Phytophthora arecae 1% B.M 45
days interval
2 Bud rot Phythopthora
palmivora
1% B.M
drainch in
soil
3 ganoderma Ganoderma luciderm Captan 0.3%
drainch in
soil
4 Yellow leaf mycoplasma Remove the
affected
plant and
burn it

21. FUTURE THRUST
• RESISTANT GERMPLASM AGAINST YELLOW LEAF DISEASE
• URGENT NEED FOR ENRICHMENT GERMPLASM REGENERATION THROUGH TISSUE
CULTURE FOR MULTIPLICATION OF ELITE TYPES.
• CLIMBING TREE IS A PROBLEM SO THINK ABOUT DWARF PLANT.
• DECLINATION OF MASTICATORY HABIT OF PEOPLE SO FINDING SHOULD
REQUIRE FOR ITS ALTERNATE USE LIKE
1) COLOURING AGENT,
2) INGREDIENT OF TOOTHPASTE,
3) CHEWING GUM ETC.