1. Cyclical models of
curriculum development
Presented to
DR.AHMAD SHER AWAN
Presented by
MAMOONA SHAHZAD
MP/2012-27
2. Curriculum development
¨ Curriculum development encompasses how
a ‘curriculum is planned, implemented and
evaluated, as well as processes and
procedures are involved.
3. Curriculum models
¨Curriculum models help
designers to
systematically map out
the rationale for the use
of particular teaching,
learning and assessment
approaches.
4. Cyclical models
¨Cyclical models lie along with the
continuum between the extremes of rational
and dynamic models, incorporating
elements of both to provide a different
approach to devising curricula.
¨Basically, these models are extension of
rational models in that they are essentially
logical and sequential in approach.
5. Cyclical models
¨Cyclical models view elements of
curriculum as inter-related and
interdependent.
¨In the 1970s, a new element was introduced
into the curriculum process of cyclical
models called Situational Analysis.
6. D.K WHEELER
¨A former member of the University of
Western Australia, Wheeler developed and
extended the ideas forwarded by Tyler and
particularly Taba.
¨ He suggested five inter-related phases in
the curriculum process which logically
would produce an effective curriculum.
8. ¨Audrey and Howard Nicholls, his book
Developing a Curriculum: A Practical
Guide (1978) , devised a straight forward
cyclical approach that covered the elements
of curriculum briefly but succinctly.
9. ¨They argued that “changes should be
planned and introduced on a rational and
valid basis according to a logical process.
(Nicholls & Nicholls, 1978:17).
10.
11. Strengths of cyclical models
¨logical sequential
structure
¨situational analysis as
a starting point
¨model is flexible
¨less rigid, more
relevant
12. Weaknesses of cyclical
models
¨ logical and sequential nature
¨ A fundamental problem in utilizing such
models is the amount of time required to
undertake an effective situational analysis.