Here I would like to discuss the Introduction, Overview, Pharmacy is an art of science, Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine, Manpower imbalance in pharmacy, The scope of pharmacy and the role of pharmacists, Pharmacist Oath of a pharmacist (present scenario)

1. By Mallikarjuna Mocharlla (B.pharm)By Mallikarjuna Mocharlla (B.pharm)
Ratnam institute of pharmacyRatnam institute of pharmacy

2. ContentsContents
1. Introduction
2. Over view
3. Pharmacy is an art of science
4. Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine
5. Manpower imbalance in pharmacy
6. The scope of pharmacy and the role of pharmacists
 Regulatory control and drug
management
 Community pharmacy
 Hospital pharmacy
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3. Contd...Contd...
 Industrial pharmacy
 Academic activities
 Training other health care workers
6. Pharmacist Oath
7. References
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4. World Pharmacists Day 2016World Pharmacists Day 2016
“Pharmacists: Caring for you” is the theme of this year’s
World Pharmacists Day.
 “This year’s theme was chosen to reflect the important
role of pharmacists in providing care to the public, and
also to highlight the emotional connection they have
with their patients. The role of pharmacists has evolved
from that of a provider of medicines to that of a
provider of care. Pharmacists have a vital role in the
outcome of pharmacological therapies and ultimately
strive to improve patients’ quality of life.
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5. IntroductionIntroduction
 TRUST A PHARMACIST: A hero of new generation,
an expert provider of quality medication information
 The roles of pharmacists in improving patient health
outcomes have undoubtedly become more and more
significant. Historically, pharmacists’ functions in
healthcare are centered mainly on compounding and
dispensing medications. However, these traditional
roles have expanded over time to include more direct
patient care, such as primary care and disease
management services, and these continue to evolve
nowadays.
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6. With this shift, greater and more defined roles and
responsibilities of pharmacists in the health care system
arise.
These include medication management and
reconciliation, preventive services, and provision of
accurate drug information not only to patients but also
to health care professionals like doctors, nurses and
other allied health professionals and laymen.
Pharmacists then become an integral component of the
health care system where the primary goal is to improve
patients quality of life.
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7. Over viewOver view
While responsibilities vary among the different areas of
pharmacy practice, the bottom line is that pharmacists
help patients get well. Pharmacist responsibilities include a
range of care for patients, from dispensing medications to
monitoring patient health and progress to maximize their
response to the medication
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8. Pharmacists also educate consumers and patients on
the use of prescriptions and over-the-counter
medications, and advise physicians, nurses, and other
health professionals on drug decisions.
Pharmacists also provide expertise about the
composition of drugs, including their chemical,
biological, and physical properties and their
manufacture and use. They ensure drug purity and
strength and make sure that drugs do not interact in a
harmful way.
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9. Contd...Contd...
 Pharmacists are drug experts ultimately concerned about their
patients' health and wellness. Professional Commitments such as :
 Cure disease
 Eliminate or reduce symptoms
 Arrest or slow a disease process
 Prevent disease; Diagnose disease
 Alter physiological processes for desirable result in the patient's
health.
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10. Separation of PharmacySeparation of Pharmacy
and Medicineand Medicine
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11. Separation of PharmacySeparation of Pharmacy
and Medicineand Medicine
In European countries exposed to Arabian influence,
public pharmacies began to appear in the 17th century.
However, it was not until about 1240 A.D. that, in Sicily
and southern Italy, Pharmacy was separated from
Medicine. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, who was
Emperor of Germany as well as King of Sicily, was a
living link between Oriental and Occidental worlds. At his
palace in Palermo, he presented subject Pharmacists
with the first European edict completely separating their
responsibilities from those of Medicine, and prescribing
regulations for their professional practice.
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12. Pharmacy is an art ofPharmacy is an art of
sciencescience
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13. Pharmacy is an art of sciencePharmacy is an art of science
 pharmacy is an art of
science which provides a
skill to the person to
formulate a compound in
a majestic way.
 It may be defined as the
art and science of
identifying, collecting,
preparing, preserving,
evaluating, standardizing
and dispensing of
medicines.
Interior of a Pharmacy
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14. Manpower imbalence inManpower imbalence in
pharmacypharmacy
Throughout the Third World, wherever there are severe
shortages of medical services there are corresponding
shortages of pharmaceutical services and of pharmacists, and
most of the people have no access to basic life-saving drugs.
At the same time, medicinal drugs, many of which are
useless or dangerous and unnecessary, are available in
extensive open, unregulated markets. In some of the more
advanced developing countries, the ratio of pharmacists to
population is relatively high in urban areas but extremely low
in rural areas. In general, however, ratios of less than 1:100
000 are common and some countries have very much lower
ratios.
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15. many developing countries must depend to a greater or
less extent on manpower substitution, allocating to non-
pharmacist health personnel (medical, nursing, or
community health workers) certain functions performed
by pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in developed
countries. To ensure that such substitution achieves its
purposes, pharmacists are needed in
management/administrative/education roles, to provide
organization, supervision, support and training to those
pharmacists and non-pharmacist health workers
providing the essential pharmaceutical services to the
public
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16. They are needed also to man crucial posts in
government concerned with quality control of imported
and locally manufactured drugs, local manufacture of
drugs, regulation of drugs, legislation concerned with
pharmacy, formulating and advising on drug policy,
and in general assuring the operation of national
essential-drug programs.
Pharmacists are professionals, uniquely prepared
and available, committed to public service and to
the achievement of this goal.
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17. The principal professional categories of
pharmacists are:
• community and hospital pharmacists,
• specialists in the various scientific aspects of
pharmacy,
• occupational specialists, mainly industrial
pharmacists engaged particularly in
pharmaceutical technology and research, and
• teachers, and managers and administrators of
pharmaceutical services and systems.
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18. With the development of specific and potent synthetic
drugs, the emphasis of the pharmacist’s responsibility
has moved substantially towards the utilization of
scientific knowledge in the proper use of modern
medicines and the protection of the public against
dangers that are inherent in their use.
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19. in the direction and administration of pharmaceutical
services, in drug regulation and control, in the
formulation and quality control of pharmaceutical
products, in the inspection and assessment of drug
manufacturing facilities, in the assurance of product
quality throughout the distribution chain, in drug
procurement agencies, and in national and institutional
formulary committees the pharmacist plays a widel role.
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20. The scope of pharmacy &The scope of pharmacy &
The role of pharmacistsThe role of pharmacists
Pharmacists are employed in regulatory control and
drug management, community pharmacy, hospital
pharmacy, the pharmaceutical industry, academic
activities, training of other health workers, and research.
In all these fields, their aim is to ensure optimum drug
therapy, both by contributing to the preparation, supply
and control of medicines and associated products, and
by providing information and advice to those who
prescribe or use pharmaceutical products.
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21. Regulatory control andRegulatory control and
drug managementdrug management
Health and drug policy & Management
Administration
Educational policy
Regulatory and enforcement agencies
professional registration authorities
International agencies and professional bodies
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22. Community pharmacyCommunity pharmacy
Community pharmacists are the health
professionals most accessible to the public. They
supply medicines in accordance with a prescription
or, when legally permitted, sell them without a
prescription. In addition to ensuring an accurate
supply of appropriate products, their professional
activities also cover counseling of patients at the
time of dispensing of prescription and non-
prescription drugs, drug information to health
professionals, patients and the general public, and
participation in health-promotion programmes.
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23. They maintain links with other health professionals
in primary health care.
Today, an increasingly wide range of new and
analogous products are used in medicine, including
high-technology biological products and radio-
pharmaceuticals. There is also the heterogeneous
group of medical devices, which includes some
products analogous to medicines, some of which
demand special knowledge with regard to their
uses and risks (e.g., dressings, wound
management products, etc.).
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24. Pharmacists have progressively undertaken the additional
task of ensuring the quality of the products they supply.
The main activities of community pharmacists are described
below :
1.Processing of prescriptions
2.Care of patients or clinical pharmacy
3.Monitoring of drug utilization
4.Extemporaneous preparation and small-scale
manufacture of medicines
5.Traditional and alternative medicines
6.Responding to symptoms of minor ailments
7.Informing health care professionals and the public
8.Domiciliary services & Agricultural and veterinary practice
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25. First Hospital in ColonialFirst Hospital in Colonial
AmericaAmerica
Colonial America's first hospital (Pennsylvania) was established in Philadelphia in
1751; the first Hospital Pharmacy began operations there in 1752, temporarily set up
in the Kinsey house, which served until the first hospital building was completed.
The ingenuity of Benjamin Franklin was
helpful in both. First Hospital Pharmacist
was Jonathan Roberts; but it was his
successor, John Morgan, whose practice
as a hospital pharmacist (1755-56), and
whose impact upon Pharmacy and
Medicine influenced changes that were to
become of importance to the
development of professional pharmacy in
North America.
First as pharmacist, later as physician, he advocated prescription writing
and championed independent practice of two professions
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26. Hospital pharmacyHospital pharmacy
Hospitals and other institutions and facilities, such as
outpatient clinics, drug-dependency treatment facilities,
poison control centers, drug information centers, and
long-term care facilities, may be operated by the
government or privately. While many of the pharmacist’s
activities in such facilities may be similar to those
performed by community pharmacists, they differ in a
number of ways. Additionally, the hospital or institutional
pharmacist:
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27. • has more opportunity to interact closely with the
prescriber and, therefore, to promote the rational
prescribing and use of drugs;
• in larger hospital and institutional pharmacies, is
usually one of several pharmacists, and thus has a
greater opportunity to interact with others, to specialize
and to gain greater expertise;
• having access to medical records, is in a position to
influence the selection of drugs and dosage regimens, to
monitor patient compliance and therapeutic response to
drugs, and to recognize and report adverse drug
reactions;
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28. • can more easily than the community pharmacist
assess and monitor patterns of drug usage and thus
recommend changes where necessary;
• serves as a member of policy-making committees,
including those concerned with drug selection, the use
of antibiotics, and hospital infections (Drug and
Therapeutics Committee) and thereby influences the
preparation and composition of an essential-drug list or
formulary;
• is in a better position to educate other health
professionals about the rational use of drugs;
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29. • more easily participates in studies to determine the
beneficial or adverse effects of drugs, and is involved in
the analysis of drugs in body fluids;
• can control hospital manufacture and procurement of
drugs to ensure the supply of high-quality products;
• takes part in the planning and implementation of clinical
trials.
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30. Industrial pharmacyIndustrial pharmacy
(the pharmaceutical industry)(the pharmaceutical industry)
Statutory provisions in some countries may require
that certain positions be held by pharmacists. The
main activities of industrial pharmacists are described
below.
1.Research and development
2.Manufacture and quality assurance
3.Drug information
4.Patent applications and drug registration
5.Clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance
6.Sales and marketing
7.Management
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31. Academic activitiesAcademic activities
Academic pharmacists engage in education,
pharmaceutical practice, and research in schools of
pharmacy. These three aspects of academic activity
are interrelated, and at the same time connected with
manpower planning and management. Undergraduate,
postgraduate and continuing education require the
educators to have expertise in the various
pharmaceutical sciences, but, in view of the
professional and vocational goals of pharmacy
education and the necessary interaction of education
and research with service, the academic staff must also
include a substantial component of pharmacists with
appropriate postgraduate education.31 Mallikarjuna MocharllaRESN

32. Training other health careTraining other health care
workersworkers
Training provided by pharmacists may include efforts
to optimize drug therapy, by promoting the rational
use and storage of drugs and methods of reducing
drug abuse, and is directed to medical and other
prescribers or suppliers of drugs, including
community health workers who handle drugs.
Pharmacists with training responsibilities should
receive some training in the planning and
management of training programmes in relation to
the educational and health goals being served.
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34. Reference :Reference :
WHO CONSULVATIVE COMMITTEE
MEET ON 13 -16 DEC 1988
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35. BY
Mallikarjuna.mocharlla
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