The problem • Resistance • Later emergence • Competitive and impacts on yield • Sheds seed prior to harvest

1. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Integrated Management of Brome
Christopher Preston, Sam Kleemann and
Gurjeet Gill
School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University
of Adelaide

2. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
The problem
• Resistance
• Later emergence
• Competitive and impacts on yield
• Sheds seed prior to harvest

3. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Herbicide Resistant Brome Grass
Survey 2012
Herbicides North Mallee South Mallee
Samples with resistance (%)
Verdict 0 0
Atlantis 64 26
Crusader 75 24
Glyphosate 0 0

4. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Change in behaviour of brome grass
0 30 60 90 120 150
0
20
40
60
80
100
Crop
Fence-line
Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Month
Germination(%)

5. Life Impact The University of Adelaide

6. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Intervix (1.8 L ha-1) resistant brome
from SA Mallee

7. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Long term brome management -
Balaklava

8. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Management strategies used
Cropping
phase
Herbicide strategy (1 & 2)
HS1 HS2
Lupins Simazine pre
Haloxyfop post
Simazine pre
Haloxyfop post
Paraquat crop-top
TT-canola Atrazine pre
Atrazine plus haloxyfop
post
Propyzamide pre
Atrazine plus haloxyfop
post
Glyphosate crop-top
Wheat Trifluralin pre
Intervix post
Sakura plus avadex pre
Glyphosate crop-top
Barley Trifluralin plus
metribuzin pre
Trifluralin pre
Intervix post

9. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Effect of management strategies on
brome seed bank

10. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Effect of management strategies on
brome populations in 2015
Cropping phase HS Brome grass
density
(plants/m2)
Brome grass seed
production
(panicles
m-2)
(seeds
m-2)
2014 2015 4
WBS
5
WAS
18
WAS
Wheat Barley 1 1 2 17 3 52
2 36 42 45 1 9
TT-canola Wheat 1 5 7 10 0 0
2 2 3 11 27 626
Barley Lupins 1 14 28 30 1 2
2 1 5 6 0 0
Lupins TT-canola 1 12 4 5 0 0
2 7 13 4 0 0
LSD (P=0.05)† 3.4 1.4 2.5 0.8 23.1

11. Life Impact The University of Adelaide
Conclusions
• Seed bank persistence of brome is high (25%),
so more than 1 year of control is required
• Effective pre- and post-emergent herbicides
followed by crop topping in lupins and canola
reduced brome seed numbers to low levels
• Complete reliance on pre-emergent herbicides
in cereals allowed seed numbers to increase
• Resistance to Intervix is not far away.
• Two year strategy to drive down numbers. Use
Intervix in the cereal crop with other herbicides
and crop topping in break crop.