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THE SILK ROAD AND SEA ROUTES. WHILE EUROPE WAS IN THE “DARK AGES” ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND NORTH AFRICA HAD ADVANCED CIVILIZATIONS THAT INTERACTED THROUGH TRADE AND EXCHANGED CULTURE.
THE EUROPEAN FEUDAL ESTATE SYSTEM A HIGHLY STRATIFIED SYSTEM WITH LITTLE, IF ANY,  SOCIAL MOBILITY. PEOPLE LOWER ON THE HIERARCHY ARE FARTHER FROM GOD AND ARE LESSER BY VIRTUE OF WHERE GOD HAS PLACED THEM.  THEY ARE HUMANS, BUT INFERIOR HUMANS. FEUDAL LAW COMPLIES WITH THIS “THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING”: COSMIC HIERARCHIES CORPORATE STATUSES
THE TRIBUTARY MODE OF PRODUCTION ,[object Object],RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION ELITES ^ TRIBUTE,   PROTECTION, LOYALTY,   DISPUTE REDISTRIBUTION   RESOLUTION V COMMONERS
THE  HIERARCHY OF FEUDALISTIC COSMOLOGY
King GOD Nobles/Lords Knights Commoners/Serfs Slaves
THE INDIVIDUAL WAS AN INSEPARABLE COMPONENT OF THE “GREAT CHAIN OF BEING.”
 
King GOD Nobles/Lords Knights Commoners/Serfs Slaves
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MEDIEVAL CATHEDRALS  WERE CONSTRUCTED OVER A PERIOD OF DECADES.  THE ARCHITECTS, ARTISTS, CRAFTS PEOPLE, AND WORKERS WHO BUILT THEM ARE ANONYMOUS. CHARTES CATHEDRAL, FRANCE 1220 to 1260 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMcmyJ8lmE4&feature=related
CARNIVAL
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SINGLE WOMEN DURING THIS ERA HAD FEW WAYS TO EARN A LIVING.  MANY BECAME MIDWIVES AND HEALERS, USING HERBAL REMEDIES FOR AILMENTS. THERE WAS NO TOLERANCE FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE DIFFERENT, SUCH AS WOMEN WHO — DUE TO LIFE’S CIRCUMSTANCES— HAD NO HUSBAND OR FAMILY AND LIVED ALONE.
THE WITCH-HUNTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Malleus Maleficarum , The  Hammer of Witches , is a treatise on prosecuting witches comprised by two Dominican inquisitors, Kramer and  Sprenger in the mid 1400s.  It is a comprehensive witch-hunter’s  handbook first published in Germany  in 1487 that grew into dozens of  editions, spread throughout Europe,  and had a great impact on witch trials  for 200 years.  It was not endorsed by  Protestant or Catholic church officials.  However, its authors forged an  endorsement, and it became a  number one “best seller” of its era.
TWO EXPLANATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GUTENBERG IS CREDITED WITH INVENTING THE MOVEABLE  TYPE PRINTING PRESS AROUND 1450.  BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS,  PAMPHLETS, ETC., BECAME MORE AVAILABLE AND AFFORDABLE.  THIS FOSTERED LITERACY AMONG PEOPLES OTHER THAN THE CLERGY AND THE ARISTOCRACY, WHICH—IN TURN—EVENTUALLY, WITH THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENTS, STIMULATED INDEPENDENT THOUGHT, AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE.
EUROPE’S RISE TO POWER 1500: THE ATLANTIC WORLD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1500s to 1800s THE EUROPEAN AGE OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MICHELANGELO’S  DAVID .  (1501 – 1504)  HE IS STANDING IN A CONTRA POSTA  POSE WHICH DESIGNATES AUTONOMOUS MOVEMENT, SELF-DIRECTION. DI VINCI’S  VITRUVIAN MAN  (1487) EXPRESSES HIS CONCEPT OF PERFECT PROPORTIONS.  THE TEXT ADDRESSES ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECT VITRUVIUS WHO ASSERTED THE IDEAL HUMAN BODY CORRESPONDS WITH GEOMETRY , THUS IS THE CORRECT MODEL FOR ARCHITECTURAL PROPORTION.
LANDSCAPE WITH THE FALL OF ICARUS  (1558)  BY PIETER BRUEGHEL
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI’S  POLITICAL TREATISE,  THE PRINCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1500s THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CHALLENGED AND ERODED THE POWER OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN EUROPE LAUNCHED A NEW SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SYSTEM
1648  THE TREATY OF WESTPHALIA ,[object Object],[object Object]
NEW SOCIAL PROBLEMS FOR THE MODERN NATION STATE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],LOUIE XIV OF FRANCE, EPITOMIZED ABSOLUTISM IN THE 1700s
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1700s: THE EUROPEAN  ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENTS
AN INVIGORATED MODERN PUBLIC SPHERE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],COFFEE HOUSE OF THE 1700s.  NOTE THE MAN EXPOUNDING AND THE WOMAN SERVING.
THE SOCIAL CONTRACT  “ Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PATEMAN’S FEMINIST CRITIQUE OF SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY ,[object Object],[object Object]
1791: QUEEN OF THE NIGHT FROM MOZART’S OPERA  THE MAGIC FLUTE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2ODfuMMyss
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LATE 1700s -- 1800s  THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object]
CAPITALISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1800s THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE ENLIGHTENMENT TABLE   |  |  |  |  |   /    / OTHER NOT FULLY  HUMAN HUMAN THERE WERE CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS OF LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND FREEDOM--THE POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR  SELF-GOVERNING CIVIL SOCIETIES--AND “WESTERN” NATION STATES’ CONTROL AND ENSLAVEMENT OF IMPERIAL SUBJECTS, IN ADDITION TO THE NEW CLASS HIERARCHY OF CAPITALISM.  TO RESOLVE AND JUSTIFY THIS, A NEW MODEL OF “BEING” EMERGED.
FLAWED SCIENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ WESTERN” MODERNITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHARACTERISTICS OF “WESTERN” MODERNITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHARATERISTICS OF “WESTERN” MODERNITY (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE “GRAND NARRATIVES” OF MODERNITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],THE SUBJECT OF LIBERAL “WESTERN” MODERNITY THEODORE ROOSEVELT BY  JOHN SINGER SARGENT
OLYMPIA  (1863) BY EDOUARD MANET

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Feudal enlightenmenw11

  • 1.  
  • 2. THE SILK ROAD AND SEA ROUTES. WHILE EUROPE WAS IN THE “DARK AGES” ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND NORTH AFRICA HAD ADVANCED CIVILIZATIONS THAT INTERACTED THROUGH TRADE AND EXCHANGED CULTURE.
  • 3. THE EUROPEAN FEUDAL ESTATE SYSTEM A HIGHLY STRATIFIED SYSTEM WITH LITTLE, IF ANY, SOCIAL MOBILITY. PEOPLE LOWER ON THE HIERARCHY ARE FARTHER FROM GOD AND ARE LESSER BY VIRTUE OF WHERE GOD HAS PLACED THEM. THEY ARE HUMANS, BUT INFERIOR HUMANS. FEUDAL LAW COMPLIES WITH THIS “THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING”: COSMIC HIERARCHIES CORPORATE STATUSES
  • 4.
  • 5. THE HIERARCHY OF FEUDALISTIC COSMOLOGY
  • 6. King GOD Nobles/Lords Knights Commoners/Serfs Slaves
  • 7. THE INDIVIDUAL WAS AN INSEPARABLE COMPONENT OF THE “GREAT CHAIN OF BEING.”
  • 8.  
  • 9. King GOD Nobles/Lords Knights Commoners/Serfs Slaves
  • 10.
  • 11. MEDIEVAL CATHEDRALS WERE CONSTRUCTED OVER A PERIOD OF DECADES. THE ARCHITECTS, ARTISTS, CRAFTS PEOPLE, AND WORKERS WHO BUILT THEM ARE ANONYMOUS. CHARTES CATHEDRAL, FRANCE 1220 to 1260 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMcmyJ8lmE4&feature=related
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. SINGLE WOMEN DURING THIS ERA HAD FEW WAYS TO EARN A LIVING. MANY BECAME MIDWIVES AND HEALERS, USING HERBAL REMEDIES FOR AILMENTS. THERE WAS NO TOLERANCE FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE DIFFERENT, SUCH AS WOMEN WHO — DUE TO LIFE’S CIRCUMSTANCES— HAD NO HUSBAND OR FAMILY AND LIVED ALONE.
  • 16.
  • 17. The Malleus Maleficarum , The Hammer of Witches , is a treatise on prosecuting witches comprised by two Dominican inquisitors, Kramer and Sprenger in the mid 1400s. It is a comprehensive witch-hunter’s handbook first published in Germany in 1487 that grew into dozens of editions, spread throughout Europe, and had a great impact on witch trials for 200 years. It was not endorsed by Protestant or Catholic church officials. However, its authors forged an endorsement, and it became a number one “best seller” of its era.
  • 18.
  • 19. GUTENBERG IS CREDITED WITH INVENTING THE MOVEABLE TYPE PRINTING PRESS AROUND 1450. BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, PAMPHLETS, ETC., BECAME MORE AVAILABLE AND AFFORDABLE. THIS FOSTERED LITERACY AMONG PEOPLES OTHER THAN THE CLERGY AND THE ARISTOCRACY, WHICH—IN TURN—EVENTUALLY, WITH THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENTS, STIMULATED INDEPENDENT THOUGHT, AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. MICHELANGELO’S DAVID . (1501 – 1504) HE IS STANDING IN A CONTRA POSTA POSE WHICH DESIGNATES AUTONOMOUS MOVEMENT, SELF-DIRECTION. DI VINCI’S VITRUVIAN MAN (1487) EXPRESSES HIS CONCEPT OF PERFECT PROPORTIONS. THE TEXT ADDRESSES ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECT VITRUVIUS WHO ASSERTED THE IDEAL HUMAN BODY CORRESPONDS WITH GEOMETRY , THUS IS THE CORRECT MODEL FOR ARCHITECTURAL PROPORTION.
  • 23. LANDSCAPE WITH THE FALL OF ICARUS (1558) BY PIETER BRUEGHEL
  • 24.
  • 25. 1500s THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CHALLENGED AND ERODED THE POWER OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN EUROPE LAUNCHED A NEW SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SYSTEM
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. 1791: QUEEN OF THE NIGHT FROM MOZART’S OPERA THE MAGIC FLUTE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2ODfuMMyss
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. THE ENLIGHTENMENT TABLE | | | | | / / OTHER NOT FULLY HUMAN HUMAN THERE WERE CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS OF LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND FREEDOM--THE POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR SELF-GOVERNING CIVIL SOCIETIES--AND “WESTERN” NATION STATES’ CONTROL AND ENSLAVEMENT OF IMPERIAL SUBJECTS, IN ADDITION TO THE NEW CLASS HIERARCHY OF CAPITALISM. TO RESOLVE AND JUSTIFY THIS, A NEW MODEL OF “BEING” EMERGED.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45. OLYMPIA (1863) BY EDOUARD MANET