5. Source: Battisti, D.S., and R.L. Naylor.
2009. Historical warnings of future
food insecurity with unprecedented
seasonal heat. Science, 323, 240-244.
Luigi’s 6 graphs
(+1 map) on CC and food
6. Summary of
estimated impacts
of observed climate
changes on yields
over 1960–2013 for
4 major crops in
temperate and
tropical regions.
Source: Page 7 - IPCC. 2014.
“Summary for policymakers - Climate
Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation,
and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and
Sectoral Aspects.” Contribution of
Working Group II to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC). Available at:
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-
report/ar5/wg2/ar5_wgII_spm_en.pdf
7. Summary of
projected changes
in crop yields due
to climate change.
Source: Page 18 - IPCC. 2014. “Summary for policymakers -
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and
Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects.”
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment
Report of the IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC). Available at:
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-
8. Lobell et al., 2008. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/319/5863/607
9. Meeting the Global Food Demand of the Future by Engineering Crop
Photosynthesis and Yield Potential
Long, Marshall-Colon, Xin-Guang Zhu (2016)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.019
10.
11. Rippke U, Ramirez-Villegas J, Jarvis A, Vermeulen SJ, Parker L, Mer F, Diekkrüger B, Challinor
AJ and Howden M. 2016. Timescales of transformational climate change adaptation in sub-
Saharan African agriculture. Nature Climate Change.
http://agro.biodiver.se/2016/03/transforming-agriculture-in-africa/
Farmers in 60% of
the current African
bean area, and
about 30% of that
of the other crops,
will need to think
about some other
crop at some time
during the 21st
century.
12. What to do?
No silver bullet!
But don’t panic.
Lots of things that we can do...
13. technological
innovations to
generate
weather dataForecasting
From satellite to cell
phone
Risk insurance
Rapid payments so
assets are protected
Productive social
safety nets
Build assets, protect
from extremes
That cope with
extremes
Technologies and
practices
ClimateSmartAgriculture
16. New varieties in farmers’ fields
Breeding
Crop
diversity
Seed systems
Genebanks
Increased yields, resilience etc.
Adaptation to climate change
Food and nutritional security
17. Indicative activities
• Prioritize species, varieties, breeds and populations
(including useful wild relatives) for conservation on the
basis of climate change expectations...
• Collect information on distribution and frequency of
priority species, crop varieties, animal breeds and
forestry and fish populations...
• Develop and implement crop, animal, tree or fish
species improvement programmes to provide
materials adapted to climate...
• Provide long-term support for evaluation and use of
wild relatives.
• Improve GRFA information systems and access to
them.
18. Crop Wild Relatives
Svalbard, Norway
78° North, 15°East
a) rice (Oryza sativa); b) Oryza
longistaminata—drought tolerance; c) Oryza
coarctata—tolerance to salinity
d) barley (Hordeum vulgare); e) Hordeum
spontaneum—drought tolerance) f) Hordeum
bulbosum—disease resistance, drought, salt,
and frost tolerance
g) chickpea (Cicer arietinum); h) Cicer
reticulatum—drought and heat tolerance; i)
Cicer echinospermum—drought and heat
tolerance
j) sunflower (Helianthus annuus); k) Helianthus
paradoxus—tolerance to salinity; l) Helianthus
argophyllus—tolerance to drought
28. Definition of crops and crop wild relative taxa to analyze:
– 81 crop genepools globally important for food security.
– 1079 crop wild relative taxa (GP1 and GP2 + less closely
related taxa with proven and potential uses in breeding)
Vincent, H. et al. Biological Conservation. 167, 265-275 (2013)
37. Collecting and using CWR
Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change
• Support from Norwegian Government
• $50 million, 10 years
• 29 crop genepools (Annex 1)
• Started in Jan 2011
• Partnership with Millennium Seed Bank, Kew
• 20-25 national programs
• Capacity building
38. CWR in situ 1 Research 2 Collecting
4Pre-breeding
New varieties
http://www.cwrdiversity.org/
42. Leaf area in some wild species and hybrids is less
affected by drought conditions than in
domesticated types.
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
Mel Ang Mel x Ang Das Mel x Das Ins Mel x Ins Lin Mel x Lic
Leafarea(cm2)
Genotypes
Estimated leaf area
Control
Drought
PEG 7%
* * **
*
45. Thank you
Collecting and using CWR
Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change
Luigi Guarino luigi.guarino@croptrust.org
Crop Trust https://www.croptrust.org/
CWR Project http://www.cwrdiversity.org/
Agricultural Biodiversity Weblog http://agro.biodiver.se/
Twitter https://twitter.com/AgroBioDiverse
Hinweis der Redaktion
Weather–based agro-advisories reach > 3 million farmers in India
Crop insurance covers 30 million farmers in India
Climate ready varieties in maize and rice
Weather–based agro-advisories reach > 3 million farmers in India
Crop insurance covers 30 million farmers in India
Climate ready varieties in maize and rice
Pre-
Pre-breeding agreements for carrots, eggplant, lentils and potatoes.