Renewable Energy comes from sources that do not deplete over years such as sun, wind, oceans and plants. There are numerous ways to convert primary energy forms into consumable forms of energy including heat and electricity; however, due to the intermittent nature of many renewable sources, the issue of storing electricity is of particular importance. Further its worth to note renewable energy technologies do NOT necessarily compete with each other purely based on price. It depends on geographic location, availability of space, capital costs, operational costs, and environmental concerns.

2. 1. RE Sources & Global Maps
2. RE Capture Technologies
3.RE Process Comparisons
4. RE Applications
5. RE In MENA Markets – IRENA Reports
6. RE Final Notes

4. WHAT IS RENEWABLE
ENERGY?

5.  Renewable Energy comes from sources that do not deplete over years such as
sun, wind, oceans and plants.
 There are numerous ways to convert primary energy forms into consumable
forms of energy including heat and electricity.
 Electricity is perhaps the most precious form of energy. However, electricity
cannot be stored and has to be consumed instantly.
 Due to the intermittent nature of many renewable sources, the issue of
storing electricity is of particular importance.
 Surplus energy can be used to pump water up to dame lakes or to re-charge
batteries.
 Renewable energy technologies do NOT necessarily compete with each other
purely based on price. It depends on geographic location, availability of space,
capital costs, operational costs, and environmental concerns.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
PREVIEW

6. THREE SOURCES OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY

7. Most of the renewable energy potential stems from solar, though some forms are
indirect solar forms:
Hydro power: Around 1/3 of the terrestrial solar energy is consumed by the
hydrological cycle of evaporation and precipitation, feeding rivers, which can drive
turbines.
Wind & wave energy: Temperature differences on the earth's surface cause winds,
and ultimately waves.
Bio-energy: Plants convert solar radiation into carbohydrates (photosynthesis),
which can be used as "bio" - fuels.
The solar radiation that is not consumed by the indirect uses or is not reflected back
into space by the earth's atmosphere ( around 30%) is available for conversion in solar
thermal, ocean thermal or photovoltaic devices.
Renewable energy sources that do not depend on solar radiation are:
Tidal Energy comes from gravitational forces between the earth, sun and moon.
Geothermal Energy is heat from within the earth.
SOLAR & OTHERS RE
TYPES

8. GLOBAL SOLAR MAP

9. GLOBAL SOLAR POTENTIAL

11. GLOBAL WIND POTEMTIAL

12. GLOBAL WIND CIRCULATION

13. GLOBAL THERMAL

14. WAVE ENERGY

15. TIDAL ENERGY

16. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY

17. DISTRIBUTION OF OCEAN ENERGY

18. 1. Wind Technologies
2. Ocean & Tidal Technologies
3. Solar Technologies
4. Geothermal Technologies
5. Bio Technologies

19. WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER
Oscillating Water Column

20. WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER
Over Topping TypeOscillating Body Device

21. Horizontal Axis Vertical Axis
TIDAL ENERGY

22. OCEAN ENERGY
Twin Turbine Horizontal Axis

23. WIND TURBINES SIZE GROWTH

24. OFF SHORE WIND TURBINES
Fixed Type Floating Type

25. MICRO WIND TURBINES
 Small wind turbines
for residential use
 Work in low winds
 Work in cities
 Inexpensive
 Provide most of the
electricity needed

26. RECEIVER TOWER SOLAR

27. CSP SOLAR

28. CSP - BEAM DOWN SOLAR

29. SHAMS 1, UAE

30. CSP REFLECTORS
Tower

31. PARABOLIC TROUGH
• Several parallel rows of collectors, 20 – 400 m in
length.
• The troughs track the sun over the course of the day
along the central axis as the sun travels from East to
West.
• Parabolic reflectors focus the light onto a specially
coated absorber tube running along that heats up a
heat-transfer fluid, which is subsequently used in a
heat exchange.
• This is the most mature CST technology with a
concentration ratio of around 100x and a solar-to-
net efficiency of 14% annually.
• An example is the solar thermal power plant,
Andasol, in Andalusia, Spain (2008 - 2011) with a
collector surface of 512,000 m2.

32. SOLAR DISH
• The solar dish is a parabolic reflector that can turn on
two axes to track the sun light. It reflects the direct
light onto a thermal receiver positioned at the focal
point of the mirror.
• Temperatures can rise up to 1,000°C with
concentration ratio up to 1,000x with peak efficiency
solar - to - electric of 31% . The electrical output of
individual reflectors ranges from 10 - 50kW.
• Solar dishes can be used in connection with stirling
engine (a heat engine operating by cyclic compression
and expansion) as stand-alone or in clusters. No water
cooling required ,however, the disadvantage is thermal
storage only via battery
• Examples can be found at the Plataforma Solar in
Almeria, Spain.

33. LINEAR FRESNEL REFLECTOR
• This technology is a new entrant to the market.
The idea here is similar to the parabolic trough,
except that it does not require a huge parabolic
shaped mirror, which is expensive to
manufacture. Instead, the reflector stripes can
be flat. Typical size: 30 - 150MW
• Reflector stripes are tilted in a way that is similar
to a Fresnel lens such that all incoming beams
are reflected into collector that is situated
around 3m above the mirrors.
• In 2009, Novatech-Biosol constructed a Fresnel
power plant in Southern Spain with a mirror
surface space of 18,000m², producing 1.4MW of
electricity.

34. SOLAR POWER TOWER
• The solar radiation is concentrated onto a central
heat absorber by hundreds of reflectors on the
ground, the reflectors track the angle of the sun
and positions themselves automatically (dual axis
tracking required).
• Temperatures can reach up to 1,300°C, which is
much higher than in the other configurations. The
heat generated inside the collector is used to
generate electricity.
• High temperatures result in high thermal efficiency.
25% solar efficiency (annually) if connected to a
combined-cycle power plant. Typical size: 30 -
160MW
• Europe's first commercial solar power plant stands
in Seville, Spain (2006). It achieves an output of
11MW.

35. SOLAR THIN
FILM PV PANELS
Poly Silicon PanelCIS Solar Panel
Copper indium selenide

36. SOLAR PV PRINCIPLE

37. SOLAR PERFORMANCE RATIO

38. HYDRO THERMAL SOURCES

39. BIO PROCESSES

40. BIO ENERGY INTEGRATION

41. PHOTO SWITCHERS!
• Scientists at MIT and Harvard University
research - molecules can store the heat
forever and be endlessly re-used.
• Molecules, known as photo-switches, can
assume either of two different shapes.
• Exposing them to sunlight causes them to
absorb energy and jump from one
configuration to the other, which is then
stable for long periods of time.
• To liberate that energy, the molecules are
exposed to a small amount of light, heat or
electricity and when they switch back to the
other shape the emit heat.

45. ROUGH RENEWABLES
COMPARISON
Solar PV
Solar
Thermal
Biofuels Wind Energy
Wave
Energy
Tidal
Range
Tidal Stream Hydro Geothermal
Source Sun Wind Gravitational Forces Rivers Inner Heat
Conversion
Process
Photo -
voltaic
Collector
Photo
Synthesis
Turbine Wave device
Turbine /
Dam
Turbine Turbine
USE
Any
where
Any
where
Anywhere
Best off-shore
or near coast
Oceans
Few
locations
Near shore,
few locations
most rivers
Few locations. E.g.
Iceland
Installed Base 20GW 200GW n/a 10MW
Capital Cost
[$/kW]
3,000 (PV)
5,000 (CPV)
Leveled cost of
energy [$/kWh]
0.28 (CPV)
Capacity Factor 25% 25 - 40% 25% 35 - 50%
Power
depends on
annual
radiation
wind speed
and density
wave height
and period
Height
(squared)
Flow speed
(cubic)
Height
(squared)
Temperature
Land use: Annual
energy (kWh/m²)
128 30 200 n/a
Power density of
the source (W/m²)
1,000
300 (at 9m/s
wind speed)
62,500 (at
5m/s speed)
http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com

49. FIT COMPARISONS, 2011/2012

50. MASDAR CITY, ABU DHABI- POP. 50,000 - NO CARS

51. SOLAR HOMES

52. ELECTRIC CARS

53. TRANSPORTATION!
ASTROLAB - SOLAR COMMUTER
NUNA4 - 70 KMH
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SOLAR RACING CAR
HTTP://WWW.TRANSATLANTIC21.ORG

54. AVIATION!

55. Renewables
GLOBAL FUTURES REPORT 2013

56. http://ren21plus.ren21.net/new-home
HTTP://MAP.REN21.NET/
Interactive Map that allows search country wise on the following categories;
( Sub search
include Polices,
Shares,
Installed
Capacities,
Energy
Production, RE
Economy)
Bioenergy
Solid Biomass
Biogas
Biofuels
Geothermal
Hydropower
Ocean energy
Solar
Solar PV
Solar
heating/cooling
CSP
Wind

57. http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com

58. THE BIG PICTURE:
USES & SOURCES OF RE - 2010

59.  Only 18% of the world's final energy consumption comes from renewables. The
majority is divided up by fossil fuels (79%) and nuclear energy (3%).
 Of the renewables, biomass is by far (78%) the most prominent source, mostly used
for heat, followed by hydro energy (18%).
 About one fifth of the world's energy is consumed in the form of electricity with the
share of renewables is (18%).
 The mix of renewables is very different. 88% of electricity from renewables comes
from hydro - i.e. rivers and dams, followed by biomass (6%) and others (6%).
 Hydro, which is currently the main renewable source for electricity will not be able to
keep up demand pace, as suitable locations become scarce, making way for New
sources of RE like wind, solar, wave and tidal.
 Overall, clean energy technologies can help reduce the use of fossil energy, thus
reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and slowing down the depletion of
finite resources.
 The sources of RE (wind, solar, wave and tidal) and the new technologies will have a
major role to play in the future.
THE BIG USE PICTURE
OF RE & THE FUTURE

60. FINALLY, THE RE INDUSTRY
VALUE CHAIN

61. 61