The document summarizes population trends in early American cities from 1790 to 1810 based on census data, and provides context about Washington's presidency. Key points: - The populations of major cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore grew substantially in this period, indicating expansion and development in the young nation. - Washington served two successful terms as the first President, establishing important precedents for the office and helping develop the new government system into practice. He successfully confronted domestic challenges like the Whiskey Rebellion.

1. WARM UP
Read, analyze chart and answer the question
City
1790
1800
1810
Boston
New York
Philadelphia
Baltimore
Charleston
18,038
33,131
45,529
13,503
16,359
24,937
60,489
69,403
26,114
20,473
33,250
96,373
91,874
35,583
24,711
1. What conclusions about trends in America can you
make from this chart? (Geography, impact of slavery,
importance of trade, etc)
2. Why did we have a Census?

2. 1. Washington’s Presidency
 Served 2 terms---1789 to 1797
 VP: John Adams
2. US Problems = Solutions
 Government on paper but not in practice
 Precedents
 Develops first
 Cabinet----Hamilton vs Jefferson
 Supreme Court
 Debt
Farmers refuse to
 Excise taxes and tariffs
pay Whiskey tax
 Bank of United States (BUS) in 1792 to US Govt.
“Mobocracy”
 Confidence in new Constitution
 Whiskey Rebellion
 Successfully put down by Washington, 1794
notes1

3. The Possibility of War
notes2
Jay’s Treaty—1793---Great Britain
Forts for debts
Picnkney’s Treaty—1795---Spain
Open up the Mississippi River
French Revolution---1789 to 1800---US
US asked to help France in war with England
Neutrality Act---Washington warns US to
stay neutral and not side with the French.
4. Washington’s Farewell Speech: 1796
Two ways the US can stay unified
Avoid
political parties
Military alliances with Europe
Neutrality----Isolation
Achievements:
•Sound
economic
foundation
•westward
expansion
•Kept us out of
war

4. Forming a Government
“We are in a wilderness without a
footstep to guide us” ~ James
Madison

5. Washington: The Obvious Choice
• Acc. To Constitution, president was to
be chosen by “electors” named by
state legislatures
• Each elector had two ballots
• Washington was unanimous 1st choice
(69 electoral votes)
• Under this system, the winner was
president & person with secondgreatest number of votes became VP
(it was Adams with 34 electoral votes)
Washington takes the Oath of Office

6. Wash
inaugural
•New Constitution
and Government
take effect on April
30, 1789.
•Washington
begins his
presidency in New
York City and
alternates between
there and
Philadelphia.
•Capital city at this
time wasNew York
City.
US army < 700
officers and soldiers;
no navy

7. Precedents are models,
examples or influences
other Presidents would
follow
What to call the President? Mr.
President
President sets their own personal style
Cabinet appointed by President and
advises him
VP has no official duties
President acts independent from Congress
Congress relies on the advice of the President
Served 2 terms and stepped aside for someone else
prec
edents

8. The First “Cabinet”
•
•
•
•
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War: Henry Knox
Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

9. Domestic Policies

10. •President Washington appoints 6
justices to the Supreme Court
•3 from North and 3 from South
•Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress
created lower courts to assist the
Supreme Court.
John Jay first
Chief Justice
of the Supreme
Court

11. Judiciary Act of 1789
• Provided more details about Judicial Branch
• 6 Supreme Court justices (John Jay is first Chief
Justice) (#s went up over time)
• Other lower federal courts
• Affirmed “supremacy clause” of Constitution
(Article 6, Section 2): states could appeal to a
federal court if constitutional issues were raised
(e.g./ election results in Florida in 2000)

12. Foreign Debt
$11,710,000
Federal Domestic Debt
$42,414,000
State Debt
$21,500,000
Congress & Sec. of
Treasury Alexander
Hamilton solve debt
problems:
•Pay off $80 million debt
•Excise tax: Taxes placed on
manufactured products
•Tariff: a tax on imports
•Establish good credit with
foreign nations
Misc.
Revenue
Excise
Tax
on Whiskey
Custom
Duties
(Tariffs)
Compromise with Thomas Jefferson called
the Assumption Act led to the creation of
Washington, D.C.
debt
•Create a national bank with a
national currency
•Raise money for govt backed
by gold silver

13. BUS
HAMILTON
JEFFERSON
•Safe place to deposit and
transfer money
•Against the Constitution
•Provide loans to government
and state banks
•A national currency---$$$$$
•An investment by people to buy
stock into US bank
•State banks would collapse
•Only wealthy could invest in
bank and would control bank
than control the government
•Hurt the common man
•Constitution did not forbid a
national bank….Loose
construction of Constitution
•Strict construction…If it is not
mentioned in the Constitution
than there can’t be a national
bank.
•National debt good for country
•Against a national debt

14. Our Nation’s Capital
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Had been Philadelphia
In 1789, it’s New York City (then
back to Philly)
Plans are made to create a new
city centrally located to appeal to
Northerners and Southerners: the
District of Columbia
Built on a swamp along Potomac
River between Maryland and
Virginia
Pierre L’Enfant and Benjamin
Banneker (African American) are
among the engineers whose grand
vision is realized
Becomes nation’s capital in 1800
(Adams the first president to live in
White House – the “President’s
House”)
To this day, unique relationship to
US; not a state

15. Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebels refused to pay the excise tax that was passed by
Congress and signed into law by President Washington….Believed
this tax was unfair because it was taxing their income……
whiskeymap

16. •Farmer’s revolt in
western
Pennsylvania.
•Refused to pay
Hamilton’ s excise
tax
•Believed it was an
unfair tax.
•Were called the
“Whiskey Rebels”

17. Whiskey
•Issue at hand was
testing the power of
the new Constitution
Outcome:
•Demonstrated to the
people that this new
constitution was
powerful enough to
put down domestic
rebellions,
“mobocracy”
•Showed the power of
President Washington reviews 13,000 troops of the
the national
Western Army assembled at Fort Cumberland,
government
Maryland, to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.