2. PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGEE

3. INDEX
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Introduction
 History
 Explanation:-
=>Program
 Comparison:-
=>Advantage
=>Disadvantages
 Python used
 Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION

5.  Python is a general-purpose, interpreted high-level
programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes
code readability.
 Its syntax are said to be clearand expressive.
 Python has a large and comprehensive standard library.
 Python supports multiple programming paradigms,
including object-oriented, imperative and functional
programming styles.
 It features a fully dynamic type system and automatic memory
management, similar to that of Scheme, Ruby, Perl, andTcl.

6.  Like other dynamic languages, Python is often used as
a scripting language, but is also used in a wide range of non-
scripting contexts.
 Python interpreters are available for many operating systems.
 Python is one of a handful of modern programming languages
gaining a lot of traction In the development community
 Like Java, once written, programs can be run on any operating
system.

7. History

8.  The history of Python starts with ABC.
 This doesn't mean the "American BroadcastingCompany" nor the NewWave
band ABC, but the programming languageABC.
 ABC is a general-purpose programming language and programming
environment, which had been developed in the Netherlands,Amsterdam, at
the CWI (CentrumWiskunde & Informatica).
 The greatest achievement of ABC was to influence the design of Python.
 Python was conceptualized in the late 1980s.Guido van Rossum worked that
time in a project at the CWI, called Amoeba, a distributed operating system.

9.  He programmed in ABC.
 In an interview with BillVenners (January 2003), Guido van Rossum said: "I
remembered all my experience and some of my frustration with ABC.
 I decided to try to design a simple scripting language that possessed some of
ABC's better properties, but without its problems.
 So I started typing.
 I created a simple virtual machine, a simple parser, and a simple runtime.
 I made my own version of the various ABC parts that I liked. I created a basic
syntax, used indentation for statement grouping instead of curly braces or
begin-end blocks, and developed a small number of powerful data types: a
hash table ( or dictionary, as we call it), a list, strings, and numbers. "

10.  So, what about the name "Python": Most people think about snakes, but the
name has something to do with excellent Britisch humour.
 Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, wrote in 1996 about the origin of
the name of his programming language: "Over six years ago, in December
1989, I was looking for a 'hobby' programming project that would keep me
occupied during the week around Christmas.
 My office ... would be closed, but I had a home computer, and not much else
on my hands.
 I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I had been
thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C
hackers.
 I chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a slightly irreverent
mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus)."

11. Guido van Rossum
the
Inventor of
PYTHON

12. .

13. Explanation

14.  Python is a dynamic, interpreted language.
 Source code does not declare the types of variables or
parameters or methods.This makes the code short and
flexible, and you lose the compile-time type checking in the
source code.
 Python tracks the types of all values at runtime and flags code
that does not make sense as it runs.
 An excellent way to see how Python code works is to run the
Python interpreter and type code right into it.
 If you ever have a question like "what happens if I add an int to
a list?" ... just typing it into the Python interpreter is fast way to
see what happens.

15.  Python code does not declare the types of variables -- just assign to
them and go.
 Python raises a runtime error if the code tries to read from a
variable that has not been given a value.
 Like C++ and Java, Python is case sensitive so "a" and "A" are
different variables.
 The end of a line marks the end of a statement, so unlike C++ and
Java, Python does not require a semicolon at the end of each
statement.
 You can include semicolons at the end of Python statements
(perhaps just out of habit), but it's not the best style.
 Comments begin with a '#' and extend to the end of the line.

16. PYTHON
INTERPRETER

18. Programs:-
 Calculations.
 Comments.
 Variables.
 String.
 Statements.
 Loop:-
• The while loop.
 Condition.
• If.
• If else.
• If elif.

19. Compari
son

20.  Python is often compared to other interpreted languages such as
Java, JavaScript, Perl,Tcl, or Smalltalk.
 Comparisons to C++, Common Lisp and Scheme can also be
enlightening. In this section I will briefly compare Python to each
of these languages.
 These comparisons concentrate on language issues only.
 In practice, the choice of a programming language is often
dictated by other real-world constraints such as cost, availability,
training, and prior investment, or even emotional attachment.
 Since these aspects are highly variable, it seems a waste of time to
consider them much for this comparison

21. Javascript
 Python's "object-based" subset is roughly equivalent to
JavaScript.
 Like JavaScript (and unlike Java), Python supports a
programming style that uses simple functions and variables
without engaging in class definitions.
 However, for JavaScript, that's all there is. Python, on the
other hand, supports writing much larger programs and
better code reuse through a true object-oriented
programming style, where classes and inheritance play an
important role.

22. Perl
 Python and Perl come from a similar background (Unix scripting, which
both have long outgrown), and sport many similar features, but have a
different philosophy.
 Perl emphasizes support for common application-oriented tasks, e.g.
by having built-in regular expressions, file scanning and report
generating features.
 Python emphasizes support for common programming methodologies
such as data structure design and object-oriented programming, and
encourages programmers to write readable (and thus maintainable)
code by providing an elegant but not overly cryptic notation.
 As a consequence, Python comes close to Perl but rarely beats it in its
original application domain; however Python has an applicability well
beyond Perl's niche.

23. Tcl
 Like Python,Tcl is usable as an application extension language, as well
as a stand-alone programming language.
 However,Tcl, which traditionally stores all data as strings, is weak on
data structures, and executes typical code much slower than Python.
 Tcl also lacks features needed for writing large programs, such as
modular namespaces.
 Thus, while a "typical" large application usingTcl usually containsTcl
extensions written in C or C++ that are specific to that application, an
equivalent Python application can often be written in "pure Python".
 Of course, pure Python development is much quicker than having to
write and debug a C or C++ component.

24.  It has been said thatTcl's one redeeming quality is theTk toolkit.
Python has adopted an interface toTk as its standard GUI
component library.
 Tcl 8.0 addresses the speed issuse by providing a bytecode
compiler with limited data type support, and adds namespaces.
However, it is still a much more cumbersome programming
language.

25. Smalltalk
 Perhaps the biggest difference between Python and Smalltalk
is Python's more "mainstream" syntax, which gives it a leg up
on programmer training.
 Like Smalltalk, Python has dynamic typing and binding, and
everything in Python is an object. However, Python
distinguishes built-in object types from user-defined classes,
and currently doesn't allow inheritance from built-in types.
 Smalltalk's standard library of collection data types is more
refined, while Python's library has more facilities for dealing
with Internet and WWW realities such as email, HTML and FTP.

26.  Python has a different philosophy regarding the development
environment and distribution of code.
 Where Smalltalk traditionally has a monolithic "system
image" which comprises both the environment and the user's
program, Python stores both standard modules and user
modules in individual files which can easily be rearranged or
distributed outside the system.
 One consequence is that there is more than one option for
attaching a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to a Python
program, since the GUI is not built into the system.

27. Common Lisp and Scheme
 These languages are close to Python in their dynamic
semantics, but so different in their approach to syntax that a
comparison becomes almost a religious argument: is Lisp's
lack of syntax an advantage or a disadvantage? It should be
noted that Python has introspective capabilities similar to
those of Lisp, and Python programs can construct and
execute program fragments on the fly.
 Usually, real-world properties are decisive: Common Lisp is
big (in every sense), and the Scheme world is fragmented
between many incompatible versions, where Python has a
single, free, compact implementation.

29. Java
 Python programs are generally expected to run slower than Java programs,
but they also take much less time to develop.
 Python programs are typically 3-5 times shorter than equivalent Java
programs.This difference can be attributed to Python's built-in high-level
data types and its dynamic typing.
 For example, a Python programmer wastes no time declaring the types of
arguments or variables, and Python's powerful polymorphic list and dictionary
types, for which rich syntactic support is built straight into the language, find
a use in almost every Python program.
 Because of the run-time typing, Python's run time must work harder than
Java's. For example, when evaluating the expression a+b, it must first inspect
the objects a and b to find out their type, which is not known at compile time.
 It then invokes the appropriate addition operation, which may be an
overloaded user-defined method.

30. C++
 Almost everything said for Java also applies forC++, just more
so: where Python code is typically 3-5 times shorter than
equivalent Java code, it is often 5-10 times shorter than
equivalent C++ code! Anecdotal evidence suggests that one
Python programmer can finish in two months what two C++
programmers can't complete in a year.
 Python shines as a glue language, used to combine
components written in C++.

31. Python:-
 Python is newer.
 It is loosly typed language.
 It's runtime is slow.
 It's code are faster to write.
 It is really fun to write with its easier, and its rich features.
 As python is gaining levels really fast.
C:-
 C is old.
 It is pretty strictly typed language.
 It's runtime is extremely fast.
 It's code are slow to write.
 C is "richer" and becaust its "older", its used in more apps, and
in the open source community its more helpful.
 Since, kernel and many basic commands are made in c.

33. Advantages
 The language doesn't provide a rich syntax, which is really
helpful.
 The idea behind that is to keep you thinking about the
business rules of your application and not to spend time
trying to figure out what command you should use.
 It is also true that Python is interactive, portable, easy to
learn, easy to use, and a serious language.

34.  Furthermore, it provides dynamic semantics and rapid
prototyping capabilities.
 Python is largely known as a glue language that connects
existing components.
 It is embeddable in applications from other languages
(C/C++, Java, and so on), and it is also possible to add new
modules to Python, extending its core vocabulary.
 The next couple of paragraphs list and explain why Python is
a cool programming language and what things make Python
more flexible than other languages.

35. Readability
 Python's syntax is clear and readable.
 The way Python's syntax is organized imposes some
order to programmers.
 Experts and beginners can easily understand the code
and everyone can become productive in Python very
quickly.

36. It Is Simple to Get Support
 The Python community always provides support to Python
users.
 As we already know, Python code is freely available for
everyone.
 Therefore, thousands of developers worldwide are working
hard to find bugs and create patches to fix those bugs.

37. Fast to Learn
 The language is very easy to learn because its source code resembles
pseudo code.
 It doesn't ask for long and strange lines of code.
 Therefore, less training is a direct result.
 Companies don't need to spend much time to have their programmers
coding in Python.
 Once you start learning Python, you can do useful coding almost
immediately.
 And after some practice, your productivity will suddenly increase.
 You can design a high-level, object-oriented programming code in a
friendly and interpreted Python environment.
 This feature works great for small tasks.

38. Fast to Code
 Python provides fast feedback in several ways.
 First, the programmer can skip many tasks that other
languages require him to take.
 Therefore, it reduces both the cost of program maintenance
and the development time.

39. Reusability
 Python encourages program reusability by implementing
modules and packages.
 A large set of modules has already been developed and is
provided asThe Standard Python Library, which is part of the
Python distribution.
 You can easily share functionality between your programs by
breaking the programs into modules, and reusing the
modules as components of other programs.

40. Disadvantages
 Python isn't the best for memory intensive tasks.
 Python is interpreted language & is slow compared to C/C++
or java.
 Python not a great choice for a high-graphic 3d game that
takes up a lot of CPU.
 Python is evolving continuously, with constant evolution
there is little substantial documentation available for the
language

41. Conclusion

42.  Python is an easy to learn and powerful
programming language as it is known in
common parlance, there is nevertheless need
of a good introduction and tutorial on the
Python language.

43. PresentatedbyF.Y.BSc.
ComputerScienceStudents
Laksh
Nikita
Shamiksha
Shamima
Swapnil
One for group,
And Group for all.
-:Be together