We are in the 4th Iteration of the Industrial Revolution and Computer Integrated Manufacturing. This presentation offers a historical perspective as to how got here and why 4IR is more than another age. It is a new Renaissance

1. Explaining 4IR The Right Way
(Understanding The CIM Journey Of Leading Us To The
The 4th Industrial Revolution)
Phillip Andrews
October 2019
1

2. CIM 1.0
• Started in the late ‘60s - early ‘70s (the start of the 3IR).
• The main focus was to connect programmable controllers
(PLCs) and SCADA machines provided by different
manufacturers so that they can share information for the
purpose of coordinating actions.
Phillip Andrews 2

3. AGVs, AS/RS, Robots, Assembly Lines Needed
To “Talk” To Each Other
3

4. Shop Floor Control (SFC) Was Introduced
Simplistic (machine
and M/H and
Storage Systems)
monitoring and
control, with some
automated decision
making.
Phillip Andrews 4

5. Some Advanced SFC Systems Integrated
Forecasting, Quality Control and Capacity Feedback
5
mrp-i was
introduced

6. Materials Requirements Planning (mrp-i)
Phillip Andrews 6

7. 7

8. CIM 2.0
• Was introduced in the ‘80s.
• The main “vehicle” was MRP-II (Manufacturing Resource Planning)
• MRP-II supported efforts to optimize the entire plant production
system by combining SFC, Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP), and
distribution management activities. Some advanced MRP-II systems
were tied to Finance, HRM, Engineering, and Project Management
Systems.
• The integration of back-end and front-end systems started appealing
to non-manufacturing enterprises, like retailing, airlines, and banks.
Phillip Andrews 8

9. Incoming QC
Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable
General Ledger
9

10. In The ’80s The Concepts Of Factory Of the Future
(FOF) and Lights-Out Factories Were Also Born
Utilizing both Hard
Automation and
Flexible Automation
(Robots)
10

11. CIM 3.0
• Was introduced in the late ‘80s with the advents of Advanced
Robots, MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems), and ERP
(Enterprise Resource Planning).
• ERP has been adding more and more systems and applications ever
since. The three biggest systems were CRM (Customer Relationship
Management), SCM (Supply Chain Management), and PLM
(Product Lifecycle Management).
Phillip Andrews 11

12. CIM 3.0
lasted almost
3 decades.
Great
advances
were made in
the factory.
FOF
practically
became a
reality!
Phillip Andrews 12

13. SPC = Statistical Process Control 13

14. Different companies have
different versions of CRM …
and everything else! 14

15. Goal: Manage all levels and
aspects of the enterprise in an
integrated and seamless mode
15

16. 16

17. Phillip Andrews 17

18. But Still Something Is Missing From This
Picture.
What Is It?
18

19. Partners of all types (incl. Suppliers, VARs,
Think Tanks, Research Institutions,
Innovation Centers, Government Agencies
…)
Integrating suppliers,
partners, and customers
in new ways that add
value to the company.
Example: TD Ameritrade
offers zero transaction
fee now. WHY?
Because data is more
valuable than the
transaction fees.
19

20. PLM is tied to strategies for
Sustainability (a.k.a. Circular Economy or
Closed-Loop Supply Chain), Going
Green, Clean, Resilient, and
Breakthrough Innovations and Solutions
(such as The Digital Economy).
That’s the entry point into CIM 4.0,
which is also known as 4IR (The 4th
Industrial Revolution), or
Industrie 4.0.
Phillip Andrews 20

21. 21

22. CIM 4.0 (4IR)
• It started in the early ‘10s.
• It addresses all the latest technologies, such as:
• Artificial Intelligence
• Advanced Analytics
• Advanced Sensor Technologies
• Quantum Computing
• Big Data
• Internet of Things and IIoT
• Cloud and Cloud Computing
• Smart Devices …
The 6 Vs of Big Data
Phillip Andrews 22

23. Phillip Andrews 23

24. Phillip Andrews 24

25. 25
Printed objects transform themselves into
other structures over the influence of external
energy input as temperature, light or other
environmental stimuli.
Sentient
Robots
will soon
arrive

26. Phillip Andrews 26

27. Phillip Andrews 27

28. Phillip Andrews 28

29. A Better Term Than 4IR  The Digital Economy
The Digital Economy also
encompasses:
• The Sharing Economy
• The Gig Economy
• The Petabyte Economy
• The Trillion Sensor Economy
• The Platform Economy
• The Algorithmic Economy
• The Innovation Economy
• The Circular Economy
• …
29

30. This is more than just another
Industrial Revolution.
This is another Renaissance
that will revolutionize all aspects of:
• Countries Collaboration
• Commercialization
• Communications
• Working
• Living
• Relationships
• Values and Beliefs
• Transportation
• Education
• Health Care
• Planet Care
• Planet Exploration
Phillip Andrews 30

31. Why The Digital Economy Is A Better Term
• It also addresses:
• Several global sociopolitical and socioeconomic changes, such as:
• Dealing with Climate Change
• Saving our natural ecosystems
• Building new business and innovation ecosystems
• Migrating slowly to Participatory Democracy
• Adopting new norms and behaviors
• Drastic changes in the way we grasp, use, and enjoy technology
through Omni-Convergence, Omni Channel, Omnipresence,
Intelligence … and Acceleration
Phillip Andrews 31

32. The Interesting Thing Is That …
Extremely few people understand, appreciate …
and want to be active in changing the world.
Most people just wait for things to happen to
them. They just exist.
We need more thought leaders, business
leaders … inventors and innovators.
You are it! You are the future!
Phillip Andrews 32

33. Phillip Andrews 33

34. Phillip Andrews 34

35. Phillip Andrews
Your Smart Phone is your:
• Wallet
• Encyclopedia
• Teacher/Professor/Instructor
• Translator
• Tourist Guide
• Nurse and Doctor
• ….
35

36. Phillip Andrews 36

37. Phillip Andrews 37

38. Phillip Andrews 38

39. Phillip Andrews 39

40. Phillip Andrews 40

41. Phillip Andrews 41

42. Phillip Andrews 42

43. Phillip Andrews 43

44. Phillip Andrews 44

45. Phillip Andrews 45

46. Phillip Andrews 46

47. Phillip Andrews 47

48. Phillip Andrews 48

49. … And Finally, Society Will Get Smart Cities
Phillip Andrews 49

50. Phillip Andrews 50
And there
is more to
all this!

51. What Else Makes A City Smart?
• Having the right magnets (such as great Architecture, Art, Culture,
Institutions, Think Tanks, etc.) to attract the right (= smart) people so
that they can design and build new industries, create jobs, and raise
incomes and the standard of living
• Zones for Innovation, Culture, Entertainment, Business …
• Culture Of Innovation
• Innovation Hub that caters to the needs to of the Smart City
• Programs, Systems, Services, and Apps specifically designed for the
citizens that want to be involved, empowered, and enabled
• Improving the overall QoL
Phillip Andrews 51

52. Key Realization: Technologies Alone Does Not Make Anyone Really Smart
Phillip Andrews 52

53. Technology Does Not Make People Smart.
Einstein Was Right!
Phillip Andrews 53

54. Phillip Andrews 54

55. Phillip Andrews 55

56. Phillip Andrews 56

57. Phillip Andrews 57

58. Phillip Andrews 58

59. Phillip Andrews 59
Copenhagen has
an Innovation
Hub specifically
designed to cater
to its Smart City.
And it also has
the zones, and
innovation
culture, and the
right magnets …
and the right
people!

60. Phillip Andrews 60