Material management is a methodical technique that includes planning strategies, systemizing and regulating the flow of material from procurement till the point of disembarkation. It is the process of coordination and controlling the activities in an organization. It includes the responsibility of purchasing the materials, their scheduling from supply or from other internal sources, their handling, storage and movement through the organization, and their delivery.

1. MANAGEMENT OF NURSING
SERVICES IN HOSPITAL AND
COMMUNITY-
MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
IN HOSPITAL AND
COMMUNITY SERVICES
KULDEEP VYAS
ASST.PROF HOD –
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
DSSNI

2. INTRODUCTION
Material management is a methodical
technique that includes planning strategies,
systemizing and regulating the flow of
material from procurement till the point of
disembarkation.
It is the process of coordination and
controlling the activities in an organization.
It includes the responsibility of purchasing
the materials, their scheduling from supply
or from other internal sources, their
handling, storage and movement through
the organization, and their delivery.

3. OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
1.Primary objective: The important goals of the
material management are to achieve the high
profit with low expense in purchase and storage
of equipment, make sure the continuous supply,
have good communication with wholesale
equipment suppliers, train the personnel and
systemize the good information system.
2.Secondary objective: Material management
aims to forecast requirements, maintain inter. i
department harmony, oversee product
improvement, ensure standardization, make
decisions on buying or obtaining new material
and products.
EFFICIENT MATERIAL MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALS
The efficient material management in hospitals
includes the following:
1.Alist of materials on the basis of present and
future needs.
2.Selection of drugs based on their efficacy,
safety, dosage, forms, shelf life and continuous
availability at affordable costs. Essential drug list
of WHO can be used as standard guidelines for
drug selection.

4. 3.Procurement of the right quantity and
quality of material within the budgetary
constrains
4. Taking an inventory of materials available,
regularly and systematically.
5.Proper procedures for receipt, inspection
and accounting of incoming and outgoing
material
6.Proper storage and protection of drugs to
prevent deterioration and maintenance/
repairs of instruments and equipment.
7.Disposal of drugs and equipment
especially of unwanted material, expired
drugs and irreparable or unusable
instruments and equipment.

5. TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN HOSPITAL
AND COMMUNITY SERVICES
-Supplies and equipment:-
1.Frame the yardstick for each item
purchased in the ward.
2.Regularize the inventories for all the items
purchased. The head nurse has to systemize
the inventory modes for all the departments.
3. If any equipment is broken it should be
replaced immediately.
-Standards of quality and quantity of
equipment:-
Guidelines for setting up of standardized equipment
in the unit:
1.T
otal number of beds required as per the
bed strength.
2.The pattern of service provided to the
patient in the unit.
3. The age of the patient admitted.
4. The sex of the patient admitted.

6. 5. The level and extent of disease, whether it
is chronic or acute.
6.The imperishability of the items
purchased.
7. The total value of the item.
8. The duration between the purchase and
receiving the new stock.
Materials used:-
1.Drugs and medicines-Used for prevention
and treatment of various types of ailments,
including anesthetic agents, vaccines and
drugs that are required for specific purposes.
2.supplies:-Materials required in the hospital
for diagnosing and treating ailments They
include cotton, bandages, gauze or other
dressing material, syringes, needles, forceps,
splints, plasters, trays, bottles, linen, utensils,
etc., which are directly or indirectly related
to the treatment.

7. Supplies may also include items of linen like
draw sheets, bed covers, mattresses, pillows
masks, etc. A comprehensive list of supplies
has to be prepared and will need updating
and modification from time to time
depending on the type of expertise,
personnel or levels of technology available
in the hospital.
3. Equipment and instruments-These include
furniture, and instruments and equipment,
e.g, sterilizers, X-ray machines, other
diagnostic equipment like auto analyzers,
cell counters, Eliza readers, and arterial
blood gas analyzers. Oxygen and nitrous
oxide gas cylinders, cooking LPG cylinders,
mechanical laundry washing machines and
incinerators for bio waste management may
also be used as tools. Ambulances and
vehicles are also a part of supplies.

8. 4.facilities;-Normally, these are the no
movable materials used for a long term com
pared to equipment, which has a limited life
span. These include buildings, toilets, lifts,
water tanks and pumps, wells, kitchens and
cooking facilities, telephones and public
address systems.
REPLACEMENT
*The pattern of ordering the items is
important since some items should be
replaced daily, weekly, monthly and yearly.
*There should be systemized method of
replacement of items.
*All the staff in the ward should be made
aware of all the items that are purchased.
*Old stocks and expired stocks should be
rejected before ordering for new items.
*The head in-charge should present the
items required to the materials procurement
committee, where she should give report
about the rejected items and the required
items.

9. INVENTORY CONTROL
-Control of the items is done through
regularized inventory wherein the items are
piled up.
-
The items are recognized, stored, used,
transferred and replaced.
- Methodical inventory creates a maximum
balance of controlling the procured
materials.
-If the inventory is done properly, details of
the items will be clarified, viz, what is used,
stocked and what more is needed.
DEFINITION:-
1.Inventory control is the process of
maintaining the optimum needed quantity
that is sufficient for the smooth operation
of the organization.
2.Inventory management can be viewed as
the process of maintaining an adequate
supply of something so that the demand
pattern can be satisfied without hiccups.

10. Objectives:
1.Smooth production
2.Offer discounts in bulk purchases
3.Reduce financial investment
Steps in inventory control:-
Create store account which help in controlling sore room
Allocation of materials and orders according to the
classification types
The allocation of materials should be on fixed limit like issue
should be a minimum quantities
Functions:-
1.To mediate /negotiate between the predicted and
actual demand for the material
2.To provide optimum supply of services, consistent
with good effort and maximum investment.
Classification of inventory:-
Sl.no Types Description
1. Raw material inventory Raw material and semi finished goods
supplied by another firm
2. Finished goods inventory Finished goods waiting for dispatch in
the stock room
3 In process inventory Semi finished goods under
manufacturing process
4 In direct inventory Goods necessary for operations and
maintenance (spare parts)

11. Selective controls in material management:-
Refer to unit 2 material management
PROCUREMENT
It is defined as a systematic way of handling
the items where principles are framed for
ordering the materials.
Objectives:-
1.Obtain required items of less cost
2.Acquire good quantity items
3.Trsutable delivery of the items
4.Deploy items acquiring workload in order
to avoid less work or overwork.
Methods in procurement process and
negotiation strategies:-
1.Loose tender
2.Restricted or limited tender
3.Negotiated procurement
4.Direct procurement
5.Rate contract
6.Spot purchase
7.Risk purchase
8.Many suppliers strategies

12. Steps in procurement process:-
Select the items after detailed research
Decide needed number of items
Negotiate the funds needed
Determine the mode of purchase
Identify the wholesale suppliers
Be particular in selecting the items
Supervise the supply orders
Obtain the receipt and inspect the amount
spent to procure the items

13. Label with
alphabets or
numerically
Place under
lock and key
STORAGE
Always keep
the SOS
drugs in
reserve
Items
purchased
first should
be used first
Inspect the
expiry date
Always keep
the items in
2 shelves
Adequate
and enough
space to
store

14. ROLE OF NURSE IN MATERIAL
MANAGEMENT:-
1.Keeping an adequate supply of materials
in planning and management. Materials
should be in good condition and
conveniently located.
2.Assigning the responsibility of handling
supplies and equipment and supplies to the
subordinates
3.Looking for wastage or misuse and
minimize it.
4.Educating all the nurses and other
personnel in the ward in the economical use
of materials.