This document discusses personal clouds for learning. It begins by discussing the importance of lifelong learning and issues with current learning approaches. It then discusses how personal clouds and cloud computing can help address these issues by allowing universal access to learning materials across devices. Case studies are presented showing how personal clouds have been used for micro-learning, end-user programming, and multi-device learning. The Learning Layers project is also summarized as an example of a personal cloud integrating work and learning.

1. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Personal Clouds for Learning
Dejan Kovachev & Ralf Klamma
RWTH Aachen University
Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)
{kovachev|klamma}@dbis.rwth-aachen.de

2. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-2
Responsive
Open
Community
Information
Systems
Community
Visualization
and
Simulation
Community
Analytics
Community
Support
WebAnalytics
WebEngineering
Advanced Community
Information Systems (ACIS)
Requirements
Engineering
http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms/research/ACIShttp://beamtenherrschaft.blogspot.com/

3. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-3
Table of Contents
 Motivation
– Life-long learning
– The extended mind
 Background Personal Clouds
– Cloud computing and Personal Clouds
– Personal knowledge management
– Self-regulated and informal learning
 Case Studies in TEL
– End-user programming
– Micro-learning
– Learning Layers project
– Multi-device learning

4. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-4
Life-long Learning
 Life-long learning is crucial for achieving economic
growth, competitiveness and social inclusion
 However, many issues exist
– Information overload
– Tools overload
– Limited time
– Hard to balance work and private life
– Breaks for learning are spread across places and time
– Limited attention
– Learning is not the primary activity

5. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-5
The Extended Mind
 Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world
begin?*
– Cognitive processes aren’t all in the head
– Active externalism – the environment has an active casual
role in driving cognitive processes
– Coupled system – the environment is part of the thought
 We all have minds that extend out into our
environments
– Reliance, accessibility and trust
* Clark and Chalmers (1998), „The extended mind,“ Analysis

6. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-6
The Mind as a Cloud
 Is our cognitive state spread across the
Internet?
 Humans are “natural-born cyborgs,” and
the Internet is our giant “extended mind”
 Move from just-in-case learning
(memorization) to just-in-time learning
(interaction)
 Through cloud-based mobile devices the
global mind is effectively an extension of
our minds

7. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-7
Personal Clouds for Learning
Personal
Knowledge
Management
Informal
Learning
Personal
Cloud

8. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-8
Cloud Computing Definition
“Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction.” – NIST
 Cloud computing allows to develop, deploy and run applications
that can
– Easily grow capacity (scalability),
– Work fast (performance),
– Never, or at least rarely, fail (reliability)
 No concern to the nature and location of the underlying infrastructure

9. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-9
Cloud Computing Analogy
D. Kossmann, T. Kraska (2010). Data Management in the Cloud: Promises, State-of-the-art, and Open Questions.

10. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-10
What is a Personal Cloud?
 Gartner’s top 10
important trends
for 2013 *
 Forrester
Research predicts
it as a$12 billion
market by 2016
Source: Forrester Research* http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2209615

11. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-11
Personal Cloud Experience
 Personal clouds won't replace the PCs but rather augment them
 The “4S” experience
– Store, sync, stream, share
 Devices, platforms don’t matter so much - Eco systems matters more
– Seamless flow of content between
– Device to device
– Person between person
– Screen to screen
– Location to location
– Access anywhere at anytime
– Universal access to learning

12. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-12
Personal InfoCloud
 Features
– Centered around the individual
– Continuous access
– Content organized for personal
use
– Task, action, context aware
apps and serivces
T. VanderWal (2005), http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud

13. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-13
InfoClouds
http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud

14. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-14
InfoClouds
http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud

15. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-15
How to a Build Personal Cloud?
http://de.slideshare.net/infe/cloud-learning-learning-environments-in-the-cloud-era

16. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-16
Cloud Learning Environment
 Free to use the tools
 On-demand education
 Doesn’t follow any design or learning process
 PLE/VLE/CLE are all different views of the same idea
 Great for life-long learning and forming learning
networks that are non institutional

17. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-17
Personal Knowledge Management
 A collection of processes that a person uses to gather,
classify, store, search, retrieve, and share knowledge in his
or her daily activities
 The way in which these processes support work activities
 Skills associated with personal knowledge management:
– Reflection: Continuous improvement on how the individual operates
– Manage learning: Manage how and when the individual learns
– Information literacy: Understanding what information is important
and how to find unknown information
– Organizational skills: Personal librarianship. Personal
categorization and taxonomies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_knowledge_management

18. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-18
Time Management
http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/3/105311-managing-time

19. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-19
Different Styles of Learning
 Personal learning
 Informal learning
 Self-regulated learning
 Mobile learning

20. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-20
Long Tail Effect in Personal Learning
 The long tail of personal knowledge in life-long
learning
 Bottom-up approach to knowledge management
High-quality, specially designed,
learning materials like books or
course material
Gaps in personal knowledge
identified mostly by real-world
practice

21. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-21
CASE STUDIES

22. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-22
End-user Programming
 End-user tools and platforms
that lower the barrier to
creating mashups
 Able to combine functionality
and data from multiple web
sites to help users solve tasks
not originally envisioned by
the web site designers
– Extract, aggregate,
visualize data
– GUI assembly tools

23. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-23

24. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-24

25. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-25
Micro-learning
 Micro-learning deals with *
– relatively small learning units (micro-content) and narrow topics
– short-term-focused activities
– relatively short effort, operating expense, degree of time consumption, measurable
time, subjective time, etc.
– Discontinuous attention
– Small learning activities interwoven into our daily life
 A learning activity on small pieces of knowledge based on Web
resources
– Web content as a primary inexpensive source for personal knowledge enrichment
– Loosely regulated learning processes for heterogeneous content
* T. Hug (2005), “Micro Learning and Narration - Exploring Possibilities of Utilization of Narrations and Storytelling
for the Designing of “micro units” and Didactical Micro-learning Arrangements”

26. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-26
Design-driven Pedagogy
 Guidelines for designing micro-learning experiences
– Periphery/causality
– Flow, up-to-date, synchronized
– Gesture-driven
– Openness
– Simplicity
– Comfort with tools, learning methods, devices
Lindner (2009), „What is Microlearning?“

27. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-27
Micro-learning Workflow
 Micro-learning consists of
– fast, convenient and instant capture of
the self-identified knowledge gaps
– sense-making with the help of Web
resources
– unobtrusive creation of learning objects
out of Web resources, and
– integration of that learning object into
small learning activities interwoven into
our daily life
 Considerations
– Disparity of the identification, sense-
making and learning periods (and
available devices)
– Minimize distraction and interruption

28. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-28
Example: Language Learning
gaps in personal
knowledge
Web sources
micro
information
subject to:
arg max
effort

29. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-29
Concrete Experience

30. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-30
Query and Answer Seeking
 Information gathering –
collection of
information from
multiple sources
accounts for 13.4% of
overal Web usage*
 „Research missions“
account for 25% of
Yahoo! search
volume**
* Kellar et al. (2007) A field study charcterizing web-based information seeking tasks, 2007
** Donato et al. (2010) Do you want to take notes? Identifying research missions in Yahoo! Search Pad

31. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-31
End-user Learning Content Gathering
D. Kovachev, Y. Cao, R. Klamma, and M. Jarke (2011), „Learnas-you-go: New Ways of Cloud-Based
Micro-Learning for the Mobile Web”

32. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-32
Web Content Scraping

33. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-33
Mobile Flash Card Learning App

34. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-34
Multi-device Learning
One user –
Multiple
personal computing
devices
Multiple users –
One (logical)
mobile web
application
delivered through
the cloud
Cloud of
heterogeneous
personal
computing devices
and users’
collaboration

35. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-35
Space (shared by multiple users)
ROLE Framework
Web application (composed of widgets)
Widget (collaborative web
component)
http://role-sandbox.eu/

36. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-36
DireWolf Framework:
Distributed User Interfaces (DUI)
 Challenge for a web application with only one device
 Goal: distribute widgets over multiple devices of the single user
when requires full screen video,
other widgets become unreachable
expand the application to multiple devices
Map on iPhone Other widgets on PCVideo player on iPad

37. Tablets:
video players with
multi-touch interaction
Laptops and
PCs: text editing
Single-deviceUIMulti-devicedistributedUI
Smartphones:
on-site video capture, geo-
tagging on maps and
video annotation
D. Kovachev, D. Renzel, P. Nicolaescu, and R. Klamma (2013), DireWolf: Distributing and Migrating User Interfaces
for Widget-based Web Applications

38. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-38
Learning Layers – Scaling Technologies for Informal Learning
Learning Layers – Scaling up Technologies for
Informal Learning in SME Clusters

39. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-39
Maturing
Interacting with People at the
workplace
Paul discovers a problem at the
construction site with PLC equipment ...
Generating dynamic Learning
Material
The regional training center observes the
Q&A and links it to their course material
...
Q: How to use PLC equipment …?
• I have seen this before here …
• Last time I did it, I …
• Here is something helpful
Social Semantic Layer
Emerging shared meaning,
giving context
Energy Consumption
Lightning
X3-PVQX3-PJC
X3-POZ PLC Equipment
Instructional Taxonomy
• What is …
• How to …
• Example of …
Tutorial: How to Use PLC
What is PLC
How to use it?
Examples
Further Information
Hot Questions and
Answers
Work Practice Taxonomy
• Installation
• Testing
• Operation
Peter
Paul
Mary
Interacting in the Physical
Workplace
Physical workplace is equipped with QR
tags, learning materials are delivered
just in time ...
A list of helpful resources
• Tutorials: How to use …
• Persons: Peter, Mary, …
• Work Practice: Installation,..
• Concepts: PLC, Lightning
• Q&A: …,
Learning Layers integrates working and learning in the regional
learning ecosystem of the building and construction industry

40. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-40
Summary
 In life-long learning, our minds are under attack, but
technology seeks to extend cognitive states across
the Web of Knowledge
 Personal Clouds need to
– provide a seamless user experience across multiple
devices and platforms,
– provide means for personal knowledge management and
learning
– support open personal learning content, services,
interactions and strategies

41. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-41
More Information
http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms/projects/i5cloud/personal-clouds