19. Distributed Databases in DBMS

Chapter 19: Distributed Databases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Database System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Homogeneous Distributed Databases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Data Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Replication (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Fragmentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Horizontal Fragmentation of account Relation branch-name account-number balance Hillside Hillside Hillside A-305 A-226 A-155 500 336 62 account 1 =  branch-name=“Hillside” (account) branch-name account-number balance Valleyview Valleyview Valleyview Valleyview A-177 A-402 A-408 A-639 205 10000 1123 750 account 2 =  branch-name=“Valleyview” (account)

Vertical Fragmentation of employee-info Relation branch-name customer-name tuple-id Hillside Hillside Valleyview Valleyview Hillside Valleyview Valleyview Lowman Camp Camp Kahn Kahn Kahn Green deposit 1 =  branch-name, customer-name, tuple-id (employee-info) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 account number balance tuple-id 500 336 205 10000 62 1123 750 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A-305 A-226 A-177 A-402 A-155 A-408 A-639 deposit 2 =  account-number, balance, tuple-id (employee-info)

Advantages of Fragmentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Transparency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Naming of Data Items - Criteria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Centralized Scheme - Name Server ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use of Aliases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Transactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transaction System Architecture

System Failure Modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Commit Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two Phase Commit Protocol (2PC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phase 1: Obtaining a Decision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phase 2: Recording the Decision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Handling of Failures - Site Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Handling of Failures- Coordinator Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Handling of Failures - Network Partition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recovery and Concurrency Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Phase Commit (3PC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alternative Models of Transaction Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alternative Models (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Error Conditions with Persistent Messaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Persistent Messaging and Workflows ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implementation of Persistent Messaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implementation of Persistent Messaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases

Concurrency Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Single-Lock-Manager Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Single-Lock-Manager Approach (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Lock Manager ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Primary Copy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Majority Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Majority Protocol (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biased Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Quorum Consensus Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Deadlock Handling ,[object Object],T 1 : write (X) write (Y) T 2 : write (Y) write (X) X-lock on X write (X) X-lock on Y write (Y) wait for X-lock on X Wait for X-lock on Y Result: deadlock which cannot be detected locally at either site

Centralized Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local and Global Wait-For Graphs Local Global

Example Wait-For Graph for False Cycles Initial state:

False Cycles (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unnecessary Rollbacks ,[object Object],[object Object]

Timestamping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Timestamping (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Replication with Weak Consistency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Replication with Weak Consistency (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multimaster Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lazy Propagation (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Availability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reconfiguration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reconfiguration (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Majority-Based Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Majority-Based Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Read One Write All (Available) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Site Reintegration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Comparison with Remote Backup ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coordinator Selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bully Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bully Algorithm (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Query Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Query Transformation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example Query (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simple Join Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Possible Query Processing Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semijoin Strategy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Formal Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Join Strategies that Exploit Parallelism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Heterogeneous Distributed Databases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unified View of Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Query Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mediator Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Directory Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Directory Access Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP:Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP Data Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP Data Model (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP Data Model (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP Data Manipulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP Queries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LDAP URLs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C Code using LDAP API ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C Code using LDAP API (Cont.) ,[object Object]

LDAP API (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distributed Directory Trees ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

End of Chapter Extra Slides (material not in book) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Phase Commit (3PC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phase 2. Recording the Preliminary Decision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phase 3. Recording Decision in the Database ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Handling Site Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Handling Site Failure (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coordinator – Failure Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coordinator Failure Protocol (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fully Distributed Deadlock Detection Scheme ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Site 1 T 1  T 2  T 3 Site 2 T 3  T 4  T 5 Site 3 T 5  T 1

Fully Distributed Approach (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fully Distributed Approach: Example Site 1 EX(3)  T 1  T 2  T 3  EX(2) Site 2 EX(1)  T 3  T 4  T 5  EX(3) Site 3 EX(2)  T 5  T 1  T 3  EX(1) EX (i): Indicates Tex, plus wait is on/by a transaction at Site i

Fully Distributed Approach Example (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fully Distributed Approach (Cont.) ,[object Object],Site 1 EX(2)  T 5  T 1  T 2  T 3  EX(2) Site 2 EX(1)  T 3  T 4  T 5  EX(3) Site 3 EX(2)  T 5  T 1  EX(1)

Fully Distributed Approach (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],Site 1 EX(2)  T 5  T 1  T 2  T 3  EX(2) Site 2 T 5  T 1  T 2  T 3  T 4 Site 3 EX(2)  T 5  T 1  EX(1) Deadlock Detected

Naming of Replicas and Fragments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Name - Translation Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example of Name - Translation Scheme ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transparency and Updates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transparency and Updates (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Topology (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Robustness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Procedure to Reconfigure System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

19. Distributed Databases in DBMS

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (20)

Ähnlich wie 19. Distributed Databases in DBMS

Ähnlich wie 19. Distributed Databases in DBMS (20)

Mehr von koolkampus

Mehr von koolkampus (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

19. Distributed Databases in DBMS