Zenaida Cruz Book

1. CHAPTER 2
TheHistory of Tourism

2. EARLY TOURISM
 Man has traveled since the earliest times although the term
tourism was used only in early 19th century.
 Tourism can be trace its ancestry in the Old Testament. Noah
with his Ark must have been the first large-scale operator even
though his passengers were mostly animals.
 Early tourism has two forms: travel for business (trading) and
religious.
 Thoughout history, merchants have traveled extensively in
order to trade with other nations or tribes.
 The invention of money, writing and wheel by the Sumerians
facilitated travel and exchange of goods.
 Both the Greeks and Romans were well-known traders and as
their respective empires increased, travel became necessary.

3.  At this time, there was also travel for private purposes.
Olympic Games held in 776 B.C. and travel for enjoyment and
to visit friends and relatives.
 The Roman traveler was largely aided by improvement in
communications, first class roads and inns. By employing
relays of horses, distances of 100 miles or more could be
covered in one day.
 In between distances of six miles wew mutations or stables
where horses could be changed. They are the equivalent of
the present gasoline stations.
 Travel for religious reasons took the form of pilgrimages to
places of worship.
 Beginning in 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain
and carry permits, the forerunner of the modern passport.

4. TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
 During the medieval period, travel declined.
 Travel derived from the word travail, became
burdensome, dangerous and demanding during this time.
 After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century,
roads were not maintained and they became unsafe.
 Thieves inflicted harm on those who dared to travel.
 No one during this time traveled for pleasure. Crusaders
and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.

5. TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE
AND ELIZABETHAN ERAS
 With the Renaissance, a few renowned universities
developed so that travel for education was introduced
largely by the British.
 Travel for education became popular in the 16th century.
 Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court
were encouraged to travel to the continent to widen their
education.
 In time, it became recognized that the education of a
gentleman should be completed by a “Grand Tour” of the
cultural centers of the continent which lasted for 3 years.
 The term was used as early as 1670. While apparently
educational, the appeal became social.

6.  Pleasure-seeking young men of leisure traveled
predominantly through France and Italy to enjoy the
cultures and social life of Europe, with Venice, Florence
and Paris as the key attractions.
 As young men soght intellectual improvement in the
continent, the sick sought remedy for their illness in
“spas” or medical baths.
 The term “spa” is derived from the Walloon word “espa”
meaning fountain.
 Travelers immersed themselves in the healing waters.
Soon, entertainment was added and dozens of watering
places became resort hotels.

7. TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
 Industrial revolution brought about major changes in the scale
and type of tourism development.
 It brought about not only technological changes but also
essential social changes that made travel desirable as: a
recreational activity.
 The increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing
urbanization gave more people to motivation and opportunity
to go on holiday.
 The emerging middle class combined higher incomes and
growing education into annual holidays. To escape from their
responsibilitird and the crowded city environment, they
traveled to the countryside pr seashore fo their holidays.
 This led to the creation of working class resorts near major
industrial centers.

8. MODERN TOURISM
• TOURISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY
 Introduction of the railway and the development of steam
power had a great effect on the growth of tourism.
 The railroads created not only more business by providing
reliable and chead transportation but also more competition as
various private companoes invested heavily in hotels, resorts,
and entertainment facilities.
 The use of steam power provided the increased mobility
needed by the tourism business. Steamers on the major rivers
provided reliable and inexpensive transportation that led to
the popular daytrip cruises and the growth of coastal resorts
near large industrial towns.

9.  As tourism become organized in the later yearsof the 19th
century, the organization of travel became an established
institution.
 Travel agencies emerged.
 The first and most famous of these was Thomas Cook.
 His first excursion train trip was between Leicester and
Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers at a round trip
fare of one shilling.
 The sucess of this venture encouraged him to arrange similar
excursions using chartered trains.
 In 1866, he introduced “circular notes” which were accepted
by banks, hotels, shops and restaurants. These were in effect
the first travelers' checks.

11.  As the 19th century drew to a close, photography and
guide books became popular.
 The most popular of these was Baedecker, fit published in
1893, which became the leading guide for European
countries at the end of the century.

12. • TOURISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY
 World War 1 brought about many changes which influenced
the volume of tourism. Early post-war prosperity, coupled with
large-scale migration boosted the demand for international
travel.
 New forms of mass communication stimulated curiorsity about
other countries. Posters and the press, the cinema, radio and
television widened knowledge and interest in travel.
 After World War 1, forms of travel began ro change. The
railways as a means of travel declined with the introoduction of
the motor car. Motorized public road transport and improved
road conditions led to the popularity of seaside tours.

13.  World War 2 also led to increased interest in travel. The war
had introduced combatants not only to new countries but to
new contenents, generating new friendships and an interest in
different cultures.
 Another outcome of the war was the progress in aircraft
technology. Air travel had become more comfortable, safer,
faster and cheaper in comparison with other forms of
transport.
 After the post-war recovery years, there was an increase in
private car ownership. Travelers switched to the use of private
cars and this change affected both coach and rail services.
 The post-war economic recovery provided an increase in
discretionary income and leisure time which many people
converted into increased recreation and travel.

14.  Governments have created more vacation time by
incorporating isolated public holidays into the familiar long
“weekends” throughout the year.
 As business and trade prospere in the developed countries,
business travel also flourished, leading to the demand not
onlu for individual travel but also for conference and incentive
travel on a world-wide scale.
 Governments of many nations are encouraging the growth of
both domestic and international tourism as a means of job
creation, economic diversification and source of foreign
exchange.
 Beyond its economic significance, there is a growing
realization of the role of international travel in promoting
world peace and prosperity.

15. ORIGIN OF TOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Tourism in the Philippines began when the original inhabitants
of the country roamed around in search for food. Inter-tribe
travel occurred although the mode of travel was crude.
 Tourism appeared in the Philippines when the country was
discovered by Ferdinand Magellan and when galleons or
wooden boats sailed between Mexico and the Philippines
during galleon trade.
 The introduction of more comfortable and faster means of
transportation gave the early impetus for tourism in the
Philippines.
 Travellers from different countries were provided inland tours
by entrepreneurs with their unregistered private care and
coaches called “colorum”.

16.  There were no tour operators nor travel agencies which
formally existed. Steamship offices endorsed tourists to
private car and coach operators (colorum) who rented their
vehicles directly to tourists.
 There were only a few tourist attractions and destinations in
the Philippines. Such as Pagsanjan Falls, Laguna Lake, Tagaytay
and Taal Volcano, Mt. Mayon, Legaspi, Baguio and Banaue.
 In 1947, a more orderly tourism activity started. Steamships
and airlines began to service the Philippines from other
countries thus giving impetus to tourism.

17.  In 1952, the first tourism association in the Philippines was
organized.
 This was Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA) which
was organized to put all together all existing travel
establishments serving both domestic and international
travellers.
 Later, the government organized the Board of Travel and
Tourism Industry (BTTI) to regulate, supervise and control the
tourist industry and to subsidize the PTTA as its promotional
arm.
 The country has undergone economic, social, political crises
stating in the 1960s up to the 70s which hindered the
development and promotion of tourism.

18.  In 1972, after the decleration of martial law when toursim in
the Philippines prospered. This was due to favoravle conditions
such as safety of tourists, better services and sanitation
facilities, more financial support from the government and the
vigorous cooperation of the private sector.
 A temporary “tourist boom” existed in the Philippines in the
early 70s.
 Tourism in the Philippines today is the result of the continuous
development and promotion of tourism from 1950 to the
present.

19. FACTORS THAT FAVOR THE GROWTH OF
TOURISM
1. Rising disposable income for large sections of the
population.
2. Growth in the numver of retired persons who have the
desire and the energy to travel.
3. Increase in discretionary time - shorter work weeks and
longer vacations.
4. Greater mobility of the population.
5. Growth in the number of “singles”.
6. Greater credit availability through credit cards and bank
loans.
7. Higher educational levels.

20. 8. The growth in cities.
9. Simplification of travel through the package tour.
10. Growth of multinational business.
11. Modern transportation technology.
12. Shift in values.
13. Advances in communication.
14. Smaller families and changing roles.