HPV facts slides with BYU Penn State study

3. The misconception that HPV is only an STD, when in truth it has also been spread for decades through medical instruments

4. Answers as to the extremely high numbers of infected young and old men and women worldwide

6. Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV 16 Virions to Clinical DisinfectantsJ.M. Meyers, E. Ryndock, M.J. Conway, K.L. O’Neill, C.M. Meyers, R.A. RobisonBrigham Young Univ. Provo, UT - Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA Abstract Method Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Even after the advent of two FDA approved commercial vaccines, HPV constitutes a significant burden of cancer occurrence and death. Among sexually transmitted HPV types, those that frequently cause viral-induced cancers are classified as high-risk. The susceptibility of HPV to disinfection has not been described due to the lack of a suitable infectivity assay and the inability to produce sufficient HPV particles. Introduction Source: Penn State Univ. BYU Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV16 Virions to Clinical Disinfectants ASM Poster.

7. Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV 16 Virions to Clinical DisinfectantsJ.M. Meyers, E. Ryndock, M.J. Conway, K.L. O’Neill, C.M. Meyers, R.A. RobisonBrigham Young Univ. Provo, UT - Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA Abstract Method All disinfectants were tested at recommended concentrations and at a 45 minute contact time. The results of these studies show that some disinfectants routinely used on medical instruments and devices may not be effective at inactivating HPV, leaving open the possibility of a nonsexual transmission route for HPV infection. Also, these data suggest that quasivirions may not have the same disinfectant resistance as more naturally-derived virions, suggesting that their use as surrogates may be problematic. Introduction Source: Penn State Univ. BYU Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV16 Virions to Clinical Disinfectants ASM Poster.

8. Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV 16 Virions to Clinical DisinfectantsJ.M. Meyers, E. Ryndock, M.J. Conway, K.L. O’Neill, C.M. Meyers, R.A. RobisonBrigham Young Univ. Provo, UT - Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA Abstract Method Epidemiological evidence suggests that infection routes exist outside of sexual transmission. Some of the non-sexual transmission of HPV can be ascribed to vertical transmission from infected mother to child, yet there remains a population who are positive for infection and have none of the classical risk factors. The purpose of this study was to establish an assay system for determining susceptibility of high-risk HPV16 using both virus propagation methods, and to determine the effect of various chemical disinfectants on these virions to establish the first disinfectant susceptibility data for HPV. Introduction Source: Penn State Univ. BYU Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV16 Virions to Clinical Disinfectants ASM Poster.

9. Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV 16 Virions to Clinical DisinfectantsJ.M. Meyers, E. Ryndock, M.J. Conway, K.L. O’Neill, C.M. Meyers, R.A. RobisonBrigham Young Univ. Provo, UT - Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA Results Conclusions These results show the first disinfectant susceptibility data against infectious human papillomavirus particles. Specifically, we have shown the most common high-risk HPV type, HPV 16, to be resistant to many commonly used disinfectants. Both of the oxidative disinfectants we tested were shown to be effective, suggesting that this property might be important for activity against this virus. In general, ethanol has been shown to be more effective against envelope as compared to non-envelope viruses. However, ethanol has shown to be effective against polioviruses and adenoviruses. These data show ethanol to have no effective against HPV. To date, no viruses have shown significant resistance to glutaraldehyde. These data suggest that HPV 16 is resistant to both glutaraldehyde and ortho-phthalaldehyde. This is significant in that these are common high-level disinfectants used in clinics are when heat sterilization is not possible or available. Many of the ineffective disinfectants showed a consistent low increase in infectivity after treatment. Our data also supports a large amount of epidemiological and clinical data that suggest long-term environmental stability of HPV. While the vast majority of high-risk HPV infections can be attributed to sexual activity, this data helps explain non-vertical and non-sexual acquisition of HPV as well as a persistence of infection. Of the disinfectants tested, the only disinfectants able to achieve greater than a three log10 reduction of HPV infectivity were sodium hypochlorite (0.525% bleach solution by MarketLab) and a silver/PAA-based disinfectant (Steriplex by sBioMed). Preliminary data for the quasivirus with select disinfectants is also shown. All data were obtained using a 45 minute contact time. Table 1. Results of Disinfectant Testing LOG REDUCTION Native Virions 5.90 LOG REDUCTION Quasivirions 5.80 PEROXYACETIC ACID (1.3%) SILVER (0.03%) STERIPLEX ULTRA Source: Penn State Univ. BYU Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV16 Virions to Clinical Disinfectants ASM Poster.

10. Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV 16 Virions to Clinical DisinfectantsJ.M. Meyers, E. Ryndock, M.J. Conway, K.L. O’Neill, C.M. Meyers, R.A. RobisonBrigham Young Univ. Provo, UT - Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA Results Conclusions These results show the first disinfectant susceptibility data against infectious human papillomavirus particles. Specifically, we have shown the most common high-risk HPV type, HPV 16, to be resistant to many commonly used disinfectants. Both of the oxidative disinfectants we tested were shown to be effective, suggesting that this property might be important for activity against this virus. In general, ethanol has been shown to be more effective against envelope as compared to non-envelope viruses. However, ethanol has shown to be effective against polioviruses and adenoviruses. These data show ethanol to have no effective against HPV. To date, no viruses have shown significant resistance to glutaraldehyde. These data suggest that HPV 16 is resistant to both glutaraldehyde and ortho-phthalaldehyde. This is significant in that these are common high-level disinfectants used in clinics are when heat sterilization is not possible or available. Many of the ineffective disinfectants showed a consistent low increase in infectivity after treatment. Our data also supports a large amount of epidemiological and clinical data that suggest long-term environmental stability of HPV. While the vast majority of high-risk HPV infections can be attributed to sexual activity, this data helps explain non-vertical and non-sexual acquisition of HPV as well as a persistence of infection. Of the disinfectants tested, the only disinfectants able to achieve greater than a three log10 reduction of HPV infectivity were sodium hypochlorite (0.525% bleach solution by MarketLab) and a silver/PAA-based disinfectant (Steriplex by sBioMed). Preliminary data for the quasivirus with select disinfectants is also shown. All data were obtained using a 45 minute contact time. Table 1. Results of Disinfectant Testing To date, no viruses have shown significant resistance to glutaraldehyde. These data suggest that HPV 16 is resistant to both glutaraldehyde and ortho-phthalaldehyde. This is significant in that these are common high-level disinfectants used in clinics when heat sterilization is not possible or available. While the vast majority of high-risk HPV infections can be attributed to sexual activity,this data helps explain non-vertical and non-sexual acquisition of HPV as well as a persistence of infection. Source: Penn State Univ. BYU Susceptibility of Native and Synthetic HPV16 Virions to Clinical Disinfectants ASM Poster.

11. in cancer prevention …the facts Infection with high-risk “oncogenic” (tumor causing) types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of 100% of cervical cancers,90% of anal cancers, 40% of vulvar and vaginal cancers, at least 12% of oropharyngeal cancers, and 3% of oral cancers. Worldwide, HPV types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) cause approximately 70% of cases of cervical cancer. “Infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses is causing as many as half a million cases of cervical cancer and more than 200,000 deaths among women per year, making it one of the most common forms of cancer. “Why is the virus causing cancer? The HPV infection is not cleared by the immune system and persists for decades. The virus release of E6 and E7 proteins then increases the risk of deterioration to cancer by causing cell proliferation and preventing programmed cell death," explains Dr. Per Jemth. Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. The results showed that HPV 16 and 18 DNA related sequences were found in 32% of lung cancer specimens. A genome-wide analysis revealed that a higher prevalence of HPV-positive lung tumors compared with HPV-negative tumors suggests that HPV-positive lung cancer could be related to HPV DNA integration. HPV DNA has been detected in aerosolized smoke and vapor during laser and electrocautery (wart removal) treatment of patients with cutaneous and genital warts and laryngeal (larynx) papillomatosis and also normal cells. Reports of possible transmission from patient to surgeon and surgical staff have been revealed. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases, Volume 2 Fifth Edition Ralph D. Feigin

12. in cancer prevention …the facts The American Cancer Society estimates there are about 34,000 cases of oropharyngeal (above the larynx) cancer each year. HPV is found in more than half of all throat cancers. Just as some types of HPV cause cervical cancer, increasingly the evidence is mounting that indicates types of the virus [especially HPV-16] play a large role in head and neck cancers, which include those of the oral cavity. American Social Health Assoc. Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetime. (75% “AMERICANS” not just Women) No data exist on the inactivation of HPV by alcohol or other disinfectants because in vitro replication of complete Virions has not been achieved because the HPV Virions cannot be grown in tissue culture. Journal of Occupational Health 100 ml (3.4 oz) of (Cidex)2.4% Glutaraldehyde was accidently spilled on a child's face during surgery. Fever, vomiting, excessively rapid heartbeat and breathing were noted for >6 hours after the accident. Chemical pneumonia was diagnosed. The child finally recovered from the life threatening event. About 6 million new genital HPV cases occur each year -- this is about 1/3 of all new STD infections.About 20 million -- men and women -- are thought to have an active HPV infection at any given time. Source: HPV and Cervical Cancer Prevention Resource Center (AHSA) www.ashastd.org . Journal of Occupational Health 2006; 48: 75-87 Effects of Glutaraldehyde Exposure on Human Health, Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008HPV and Oral Diseases: An Interview with Robert Fleisher, DMD. CDC .