This document proposes an integrative framework to categorize learning alliances based on theories of knowledge-based view (KBV) and resource-based view (RBV). It identifies four types of learning alliances based on the dimensions of exploration vs exploitation and endogamy vs exogamy. Explorative alliances involve internalization of partner knowledge while exploitative alliances focus on knowledge access. Endogamous alliances have similar partner knowledge bases while exogamous alliances have different knowledge. The framework explains how factors like absorptive capacity and knowledge ambiguity differently impact learning in the four alliance types.

1. Resources complementarity and type of interorganizational learning: an integrative framework Hamid MAZLOOMI CERAM Business School ERPI – INPL Hamid.mazloomi(at)ceram(dot)fr

12. Integrative Framework

17. Example : Galderma

23. Explorative Exogamy Learning from Partner and alliance knowledge creation Relative Absorptive Capacity (+) Shared Knowledge Ambiguity in different level Value Appropriation by alliance (EJV) Tacit knowledge in alliance Explorative Endogamy Knowledge Creation Relative Absorptive Capacity (+) Shared Knowledge Ambiguity is low Value Appropriation (Property Right) Exploitative Exogamy Co-specialization Internal development capability (+) Shared Knowledge Ambiguity High but has no importance Knowledge Protection Normal ( no interest to internalize) Exploitative Endogamy Few opportunity to learn Relative Absorptive Capacity has no importance Shared Knowledge Ambiguity low Knowledge Protection by limiting access

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