1. AMSC D-VAR STATCOM Systems
2015

2. • AMSC (American Superconductor) is a leading global manufacturer of
solutions for electric grids.
• AMSC solutions are powering 14 GW of renewable energy and enhancing the
performance and reliability in power networks in more than a dozen
countries.
• Founded in 1987 as a spinoff from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT)
• Headquartered near Boston, Massachusetts with operations in Asia,
Australia, Europe and North America.
2
AMSC
Introduction
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

3. Grid and Wind Businesses
Wind Turbine Controls &
Power Conversion Systems
Advanced Conductors and
Surge Protection Systems
• AMSC Windtec designs
and licenses wind turbines
for manufacture – 14GW’s
installed
• AMSC manufactures brain
and nerve center of the
wind turbine
• Ensure efficient, high-
performance operation
• AMSC designs and
manufactures FACTs
systems for the Utility
Renewable and Industrial
markets.
• Provides enhance grid
performance through
voltage support to
improve reliability and
power transfer capability
• AMSC is the world leader
in the design and
manufacture of HTS wire
and HTS power systems
and equipment.
• Unique enabler for load
sharing between urban
substations
• Deliver transmission level
power at distribution
voltage and cost
Grid Interconnection & Power
Capacity/Reliability Systems
3AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

4. AMSC Regional Offices
Sales and service support worldwide
AMSC
Wisconsin
AMSC HQ
Massachusetts
AMSC
China
AMSC
India
AMSC
Korea
AMSC
United
Kingdom
AMSC
Australia
AMSC
Austria
4
Brazil
Sales
South Africa
Sales
Germany
Sales
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

5. 5AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
AMSC’s Gridtec Solutions
Smart grid solutions from generation to end use
• Renewable Energy
Plant Solutions
• Power Plant
Generators
• Reactive Power
Support
• Voltage Regulators
• AC Power Cables
• HVDC Power Cables
• HTS Fault Current
Limiters
• Reactive Power
Support
• AC Power Cables
• HTS Fault Current
Limiters
• Substation
Interconnection
• Power Quality
Solutions
• Indoor HTS
Power Cables
End UseDistributionTransmissionEnergy Generation
• Power Quality
Applications and
Solutions
• Transmission
planning Studies
• Harmonic Analysis
• Voltage Stability
Studies
Engineering
Services

6. AMSC STATCOM Business
D-VAR® STATCOM System Applications
Renewables
• Delivery of more power on
existing transmission &
distribution assets
• Postpone investments
• Improvement of power
stability, availability, quality
and reliability
• 21 Systems Installed
• Largest System Size:
-96/+240MVAr
• Enables renewable power
to “act like” power from a
conventional source so it
can be smoothly
integrated into the power
grid in compliance with
local grid codes
• 85 Systems Installed
• Largest System Size:
+310/-256MVAr
• Eliminate voltage
disturbances to ensure
high power quality for
semiconductor fabs,
mining operations and
other industrial processes.
• 7 Systems Installed
• Largest System Size:
+/-168 MVAr
RenewablesUtilities Industrials
6
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

7. 7AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
Energy Generation Solutions
Reliably and safely connecting renewables to the grid
End UseDistributionTransmissionEnergy Generation
Engineering
Services
Utility Scale Wind Farms Utility Scale Solar Parks
• D-VAR® STATCOM solutions to assist wind
farms in meeting the most stringent
interconnection requirements
• Over 100 installations worldwide
• D-VAR® STATCOM solutions and solar PV plant
controls to maximizes power generation and
system health
• Installations with some of the world’s largest
solar PV developers

8. 8AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Enhancing transmission power capacity and reliability
End UseDistributionTransmissionEnergy Generation
Engineering
Services
• Designed to increase flexibility and
boost power system performance
• Instantly detects voltage disturbances
and rapidly compensates by injecting
leading or lagging reactive power
• Helping utilities recovery from system
voltage collapse events and eliminate
stability related power transfer
limitations
• Advanced controls and SCADA
capabilities

9. 9
AMSC D-VAR® Installations Across
North America
Utilities
Industrials
Wind Farms
Solar Plants
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

10. AMSC D-VAR® Installations Across
Europe and Asia
Utilities
Industrials
Wind Farms
Solar Plants
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

11. AMSC D-VAR® Installations:
Australia and New Zealand
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
• Lake Bonney 1 Wind Farm – Suzlon, South Australia
• Lake Bonney 2 Wind Farm – Suzlon, South Australia
• Prominent Hill Mine – OzMinerals, South Australia
• Clements Gap Wind Farm – Suzlon, South Australia
• Waterloo Wind Farm – Vestas, South Australia
• Hallett Wind Farm - Suzlon, South Australia
• Hallett Hill Wind Farm - Suzlon, South Australia
• North Brown Hill Wind Farm - Suzlon, South Australia
• Snowtown Wind Farm - Suzlon, South Australia
• Bluff Wind Farm - Suzlon, South Australia
• White Hills Wind Farm – Vestas, New Zealand
• Tararua Wind Farm - Vestas, New Zealand
• Collgar Wind Farm – Vestas, Western Australia
• Ergon St George SVC Replacement – Ergon, Queensland
• Karara Mine, Karara, Western Australia
• Western Power Eneabba Substation – Western Power, Western Australia
• Musselroe Wind Farm – Vestas, Tasmania
• Micron, Singapore
• Nyngan Solar Farm, Nyngan, New South Wales

12. STATCOM Technology

13. STATCOM = STATic COMpensator
A STATCOM is a Power Electronic device
comprised of Power Inverters to inject Reactive
Current into a power system for the purpose of
controlling system Voltage or Power Factor
13
What is a STATCOM?

14. 14
Inverter System
DC or AC
Source
Inverter
TransformerInverters
IGBT
Power System
IGBT - Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
+
-

15. • Devices 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B are IGBT’s acting as fast switches
• Capacitors hold DC charge
• Lf and Cf are AC smoothing filter components
15
Single Phase Inverter
Lf
Cf
1A
1B
2A
2B
ACSource
+
-
(Four Quadrant)

16. 16
Positive Current Flow
ON
ON
current out
return current
Lf
Cf
1A
1B
2A
2B
AC
+
-
Source
• Switches 1B and 2A are ON
• Switches 1A and 2B are OFF
• Current flows from DC bus via IGBT switches

17. 17
Negative Current Flow
ON
ON
current out
return current
Lf
Cf
1A
1B
2A
2B
AC
+
-
Source
• Switches 1A and 2B are ON
• Switches 1B and 2A are OFF
• Current flows from DC bus via IGBT switches

18. 18
Sine Wave Formed by Using PWMCurrent
Time
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
Switching frequency is about 4 kHz

19. The amplitude and phase angle of the injected current with
respect to the voltage will determine the amount of the real
and reactive power output that flows through the inverter
19
Current Control

20. • A six IGBT bridge can create three-phase current
• The source is common to all three phases
• Again, IGBTs control current phases with respect to voltage,
hence, controlled Watt and VAR flow
20
Three-Phase Inverter Module
+
-
Lf
Cf
3-Phase AC CurrentSource

21. Utility Installation Examples

22. Distance View of Substation
Dynamic Reactive Support System
D-VAR® System – Top View

23. 23
D-VAR® System – Side View

24. D-VAR® STATCOM System
D-VAR STATCOM System Capability
• Continuous Output: -36/+180 MVAR
• Dynamic Output: -96/+240 MVAR

25. 25AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
Collgar WF D-VAR® Installation
D-VAR STATCOM
System Capability
• Continuous Output:
-96/+148 MVAR
• Dynamic Output:
-256/+308 MVAR

26. Collgar WF D-VAR® Installation
26
33 kV
2 x 180MVA
275-220/33 kV
Transformer
2 x 13 MVAR
Cap Bank
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
MCE
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
MCE
N.O.
PT
CT
PT PT
CT
220 kV
To Collgar
Terminal
MVAR Control
Monitoring
Master Control
Enclosure
2 x 13 MVAR
Cap Bank
Collgar WF Collgar WF
96 MVAR
2 x 12 x 4 MVAR
D-VAR STATCOM
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
D-VAR
96 MVAR
2 x 12 x 4 MVAR
33/0.48 kV Transformers

27. • Provides sub-cycle dynamic reactive capability – both leading and lagging
• Has short term overload capability of 3.0 times its continuous rating
• Seamlessly switch other shunt devices and is in communication with the utility
system operations & control center via SCADA
• IEEE519 Compliant Harmonic performance
27
AMSC’s D-VAR® STATCOM System
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

28. Reactive
Power
3.0 Per
Unit Rating
0
1 Per Unit
Rating
Rated MVA Current
Continuous Reactive Current
1.0 2.0
8
0
Dynamic Reactive Current
“Overload”
3.0
Proprietary Technology Provides a Combination of Continuous
Dynamic VARs with Additional Overload Boost – Provides for a more cost effective solution
D-VAR® STATCOM Dynamic Capability
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

29. AMSC D-VAR® Controller Configurations
• Slow regulation with shunt-device switching
- Uses D-VAR and multiple caps/inductors to regulate
- Regulate voltage, power factor, or constant susceptance
- Optional turbine control interface for additional VAR control
• Fast transient mitigator
- Responds quickly w/ overload to protect local assets (load or generation)
- Used with or without slow regulator controller
• Voltage collapse protection
- Post-fault VAR injection to bootstrap voltage
• Customer specific modifications
- Motor-start mitigation
- Transient mitigator with quasi-independent capacitor switching

30. D-VAR® System Control Options
• Voltage Control
• Power Factor Control
• Constant MVAR Control
• Capacitor/Reactor Bank Switching Control
• Wind Farm/Solar Plant MVAR Output Control
• Power Oscillation Dampening
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

31. Boosting Output Bucking Output
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
Reference Voltage
= 1.00pu
Voltage (pu)
1x2x3x 1x 2x 3x
Deadband
Buck Droop = 2%
Boost Droop = 2%
1.05
0.95
D-VAR System’s
Droop Setting Options
• Independent boost and buck droop slopes
• Droop slope adjustable from 1% to 10%
• Adjustable reference or target voltage
• Optional dead band and D-VAR output
limits
• Can switch between voltage and power
factor control
Buck Hard Limit = 1.050pu
Boost Hard Limit = 0.950pu
Fast Buck Turn On
Fast Boost Turn On
Buck Turn On
Boost Turn On
D-VAR® System - Voltage Control
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

32. PF Control Switch to Voltage Control Mode
MVAR Output (D-VAR®)
Voltage(pu)
In PF Control
In Voltage Control
In Voltage Control
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

33. 33
AMSC Patented Soft Switch Technology
Proprietary AMSC D-VAR® system
provides truly seamless integration of
shunt capacitor and/or reactor banks
Result: Lower Cost Solution with Proven Performance

34. 34
D-VAR® System Configuration
Laptop computer
MCB
Control Hub
DAS
Modbus/TCP
SCADA
Fiber optic Ethernet
to Customer SCADA
Firewall
Router
HMI using
TCP/IP
wire
fiber
Comm Hub
PMEC
CAN Hub
Inverter 02
Inverter 01
Inverter 04
Inverter 03
wire
fiber
PME01
PMEC
CAN Hub
Inverter 02
Inverter 01
Inverter 04
Inverter 03
PME02
wire
fiber
wire
fiber
wire
fiber
wire
fiber
wire
fiber
wire
fiber
Customer
Interface
PT inputs
CT inputs
Capacitors
Reactors
etc.
wire
fiber
MCE
More
PME's
Fiber optic connections
are dashed.
Control Ethernet
General Comm Ethernet
CAN Protocol
SCADA over Ethernet
Broadband
InternetMCE
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

35. • PME controller collects local diagnostic data
• MCB/SGI collects system control data
• All data is streamed to DAS which has a hard-drive storage
• Historical data maintained on DAS for weeks to months
depending on the type and volume
• Each controller has local
non-volatile (Flash) storage for
maintaining configuration
information
35
Controllers Utilized
DAS - Data Acquisition Systems
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

36. 36
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential
MCB Analog Input Capabilities
• Up to 4 PT’s and 3 CT’s
• AC waveforms sampled at 5 kHz
• Digital filter computes sequence components (Pos, Neg, and
Zero)
• Control logic runs at 750 Hz
• Additional analog channels available for custom requirements
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

37. 37
Types of Data Stored
• Measurements
• Alarms
• Parameters
• Digital events
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

38. • Low speed “trend” data
- Slow average window triggered (For viewing slow daily type
variations)
- Typical rate is every 30-60 min
- Unfiltered Min/Max every 8 hours (with separate timestamps)
• High-speed, event-triggered capture
- 5 kHz AC waveforms
- 750 Hz “processed” data and control outputs
- Configurable pre-trigger and post-trigger durations (e.g. 0.5 sec
pre- and 0.5 sec post-trigger)
38
Types of Data Stored - Measurements
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

39. • Off-line monitoring of data
• Minimum of one year of historical data available
• Older data stored on CDs and can be retrieved as needed
• High-speed data captures can be flagged to not be purged
after one year (permanent availability)
• Secure web access
39
AMSC DataPark
SM
Website
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

40. 40
AMSC DataParkSM Website
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

41. 41
D-VAR® System’s HMI
HMI Using TCP/IP
Laptop Computer
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

42. • Windows based GUI application
• Connects to DAS (works via SCADA connection too)
• Allows
– Live measurement of data
– Send commands (Run, Stop, Clear Alarms, etc.)
– Look up / change parameters
– View / clear active alarms
– View history log of digital events, parameter changes, alarm transitions,
etc.
– Search DAS hard-drive (months of historical data are available)
– View details of various subsystems, e.g., individual inverter DC bus
voltages, PME measured current output, etc.
42
D-VAR® System’s HMI
GUI - Graphical User Interface
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

43. Unbalanced RMS Current Injection
Figure 2
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential 43
Icmd B
Icmd A
Icmd C
Pre-fault
Icmd A,B,C
Pre-fault
T-line currents

44. 44
DIgSILENT PowerFactory, PSCAD &
CDVAR2 PSSE Models
- Very accurate representation for all D-VAR® applications
- Features the actual D-VAR control code and allows detailed modeling
of Vestas Wind Park Controller interface in Master or Slave Mode
- Allows the user access to all relevant D-VAR parameters
- Substantial debugging and trouble shooting capabilities
- Used by AMSC for all internal simulation work
- Model is complicated, but detailed user manuals are available
- Model is confidential, but available through a non-disclosure agreement
with AMSC
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

45. • AMSC Support Capability for Systems Engineering
– Steady-state Load Flow (power flow) Studies
– Dynamic and Stability Analysis
– Harmonics and Resonance Scans
– Power Transfer Capability Studies
• Planning and Simulation Tools (Software)
– PTI PSS/E Load Flow and Stability
– DIgSILENT load Flow, Stability, Harmonics, Short Circuit
– PSCAD and RTDS
– GE PSLF Load Flow and Stability
• Global Experience
– Studies Performed for Utilities worldwide, Renewable Generation Plants,
and Industrial Plants
AMSC Planning & Engineering Services
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential 45

46. • Systems that meet International standards and Utility
specifications.
• Highly modular system providing high degree of reliability and
availability. Multiple levels of inherent redundancies.
• Field proven with over 100 installations worldwide in varied
environmental conditions.
• Cost effective and highly reliable ambient air cooled outdoor
design.
• Configurable Installations to fit in available substation space.
• Proven Controls and Interfaces with Vestas PPC. Fully meets TPS.
46
AMSC D-VAR STATCOM Systems
AMSC Proprietary and Confidential

47. John Wright-Smith
john.wright-smith@amsc.com
Ph: 0488200458