1. URBAN AND
METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE
MPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT
PROFESSOR: DR. JOSEFINA B. BITONIO
STUDENTS: JONAL A. DE LOS REYES
IRIS VALERIE A. CABANG
3. METROPOLITAN ARRANGEMENTS INTHE PHILIPPINES: A
NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE
According to the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Metropolitan arrangements vs.
decentralization contemporary regional development phenomenon occurring in the Philippines is
the emergence of new regional spaces through the formation of metropolitan arrangements.
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A metropolitan arrangement is a conglomeration of a
highly urbanized city and the local government units
contiguous to it, engaging in co-operative urban
development ventures.
METROPOLITANIZATION
• Would in effect make local governments give up
some of the some broader powers.
• According to economic standpoint, urban services
can be more efficient if they are jointly planned
and delivered thereby creating economies of scale
greater positive externalities will spill over to
society as a result of metro arrangements.
Metropolitan Arrangements in the Philippines are a
phenomenon of the 1990’s.
4. METROPOLITAN MANILA
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
(MMDA)
• It is an agency in the Philippines
created embracing the cities of
Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan,
Pasay, Mandaluyong, Makati,
Pasig, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Las
Piñas, Parañaque, Valenzuela,
Malabon, Taguig, Navotas and
San Juan and the Municipality of
Pateros.
• The Agency is headed by a
chairman who is appointed by
and continues to hold office as
the discretion of the president.
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5. HISTORY OF MMDA
November 7, 1975 – President Ferdinand Marcos
issued Presidential Decree 824 creating Metro
Manila and its managing public corporation the
Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC). First
Lady Imelda Marcos was appointed as Governor
and Mr. Ismael Mathay Jr. was appointed as Vice-
Governor.
January 9, 1990 – President Corazon Aquino
issued Executive Order No. 392 in accordance
with the Article 18 Section 8 of the 1987
Philippine Constitution replacing the MMC to
Metropolitan Manila Authority (MMA). Mr.
Jemomar Binay as its first chairman, followed by
Mr. Ignacio Bunye in 1991 and Mr. Ismael Mathay
Jr. in 1992.
March 1, 1995 – President Fidel V. Ramos
together with the congress of the Philippines
passed the RA No. 7924 creating Metropolitan
Manila Development Authority. Mr. Prospero
Oreta was the first chairman of MMDA.
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6. MMDA FUNCTIONS AND POWERS
1. Formulate, coordinate and regulate
the implementation of medium and
long term plans and programs for the
delivery of metro-wide services, land
use and physical development within
Metropolitan Manila.
2. Prepare, coordinate, and regulate the
implementation of medium term
investments programs to metro-wide
services which shall indicate sources
and uses of funds for priority
programs and projects.
3. Undertake and manage on its own
metro-wide programs and projects
for the delivery of specific services
under its jurisdiction subject to the
approval of the council.
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4. Coordinate and monitor the
implementation of such plans,
programs and projects in
Metropolitan Manila.
5. The MMDA shall set the policies
concerning traffic in Metropolitan
Manila, coordinate and regulate the
implementation of all programs and
projects concerning traffic.
6. Install and administer a simple
ticketing system, fix impose and
collect fines and penalties for all
kinds of violations and traffic rules
and regulations, confiscate and
suspend or revoke drivers’ licenses in
the enforcement of such traffic laws
and regulations, the provisions of RA
4136 and PD 1605.
7. METRO MANILA COUNCIL
It is the governing board and policy making body of MMDA. It is composed of mayors of the cities and
municipalities of Metro Manila together with the following Departments:
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1. Department of Transportation (DOTr)
2. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
3. Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
4. Philippine National Police (PNP)
5. Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Committee (HUDCC)
FUNCTIONS OF THE COUNCIL
1. It approves metro-wide programs, projects, issues, rules, regulations and resolutions deemed necessary by the
MMDA.
2. Approves the annual budget there of for submissions of the Department of Budget and Management (DBM).
3. It promulgates rules and regulations and sets policies and standards for metro-wide application governing the
delivery of basic services, prescribes and collects service and regulatory fees, imposes and collects fines and
penalties.
8. PROGRAMS AND SERVICES
1.Development Planning
2. Transport and Traffic Management
3. Solid Waste Disposal and Management
4. Flood Control and Sewerage Management
5. Urban Renewal, Zoning and Land Use
Planning, and Shelter Services
6. Health and Sanitation, Urban Protection and
Pollution Control
7. Public Safety
PLANNING AND COORDINATION
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• in carrying out its functions, consult, coordinate and work closely with
the LGUs, the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) and
other national government agencies and accredited people's
organizations (POs); non-governmental organizations - (NGOs), and the
private sector operating in Metro Manila.
• have a master plan that shall serve as the framework for the local
development plans of the component LGUs.
• submit its development plans and investment programs to the NEDA for
integration into the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan
(MTPDD) and public investment program.
The MMDA shall:
• in coordination with the NEDA and the Department of Finance, interface with the foreign
assistance agencies for purposes of obtaining financing support, grants and donations in
support of its programs and projects.
9. The implementation of the MMDA's
plans, programs and projects shall be
undertaken by the LGUs, the
concerned national government
agencies, the POs, NGOs and the
private sector and MMDA itself where
appropriate.
10. OTHER METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
“…the metropolis is a distinct human settlement requiring a different
local government system and structure. It is neither a province nor a
municipality nor a city. It is rather a collection of all these and
therefore require unique planning models and distinct legal laws.”
-Ruben G. Mercado and Rosario G. Manasan (1998)
The rate of urban growth in the Philippines, which posted 5.1 for the intercensal years
1980 to 1990, is considered one of the highest in the developing economies of Asia. As it is
true for its ASEAN neighbors, its urbanization rate is more than double the national
population growth rates. The source of this growth has been recognized to be influenced
by a mixture of factors including history, geography, sectoral, macroeconomic and explicit
spatial policies influencing the development of urban areas (NEDA, 1996)
The 1990 Census of Population and Housing revealed that the Philippines is 48.4
percent urban. Projection for 1995 showed the share of population in the urban
areas to be 54.1 percent or about 38 million out of the 69 million total population
(Gonzales, 1997). This represents a high growth rate of 4.6 almost double the
national growth rate of 2.45 for the period 1990-1995. The proportion of urban
population is expected to increase its share of the national population as the
country’s economic production will be generated mostly in the urban areas
following the anticipated increasing shares of the industry and services sectors.
11. OTHER COUNTRIES’ EXPERIENCES
UN-Habitat has established the MetroHUB initiative for supporting sustainable development in world’s metropolises
and regions, by tailoring innovative metropolitan solutions to local contexts and informing metropolises’ decision-
making processes with latest research and data. UN-Habitat work on metropolitan and regional management
includes: capacity development of metropolitan and regional authorities; formulation of metropolitan sectoral
policies; drafting and improvement of metropolitan legal frameworks; strengthening of supramunicipal governance
schemes; designing metropolitan and regional planning instruments; and innovating on financing mechanisms at
metropolitan and regional scales.
According to UN-Habitat, cities and urban dynamics are evolving rapidly around the world. Between 2000 and 2015,
cities grew by 1.5% a year in terms of area (EC OECD, 2020). Due to that expansion, many cities have grown beyond
the boundaries of their central municipality configuring bigger and denser metropolises, understood as the city and
its commuting zone, which consists of suburban, periurban and rural areas economically and socially linked to the
city.
Metropolises of the 21st century are characterized for having strong interdependencies from economic, social, and
environmental perspectives which need to be managed in an integrated way, based on functional territories and
across both jurisdictional boundaries and the urban-rural continuum. UN-Habitat integrative approach for
metropolitan management involves local, sub-national and national governments participation in metropolitan
governance, metropolitan policies and legislation, metropolitan planning, and metropolitan finance and economics.
Thank you sir Jonal, I am Iris Cabang of CDA and Let us continue our discussion, my topics are about planning and coordination and programs and services of the MMDA and the other metropolitan arrangements so in planning & coordination
The MMDA shall, in carrying out its functions, consult, coordinate and work closely with the LGUs, the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) and other national government agencies mentioned in Section 4 of the RA7924 and accredited people's organizations (POs); non-governmental organizations - (NGOs), and the private sector operating in Metro Manila. The MMDA Chairman or his authorized representative from among the Council members, shall be ex-officio member of the boards of government corporations and corporations and committees of the department and offices of government whose activities are relevant to the objectives and responsibilities of the MMDA which shall include but not limited to Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage (MWSS), DOTC, DPWH, HUDCC and Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).
The MMDA shall also have a master plan that shall serve as the framework for the local development plans of the component LGUs.
Third, The MMDA shall submit its development plans and investment programs to the NEDA for integration into the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDD) and public investment program.
The implementation of the MMDA's plans, programs and projects shall be undertaken by the LGUs, the concerned national government agencies, the POs, NGOs and the private sector and MMDA itself where appropriate. For this purpose, the MMDA may enter into contracts, memoranda of agreement and other cooperative arrangements with these bodies for the delivery of the required services within Metropolitan Manila.
Lastly, The MMDA shall, in coordination with the NEDA and the Department of Finance, interface with the foreign assistance agencies for purposes of obtaining financing support, grants and donations in support of its programs and projects.
Next is programs and services so there are 7
(read 1-7 then next)
Development planning which includes the preparation of medium and long-term development plans: the development evaluation and packaging of projects; investment programming and coordination and monitoring of plan, program and project implementation.
Transport and traffic management which includes the formulation, coordination and monitoring of policies, standards, programs and projects to rationalize the existing transport operations, infrastructure requirements, the use of thoroughfares, and promotions of safe and convenient movement of persons and goods: provision for the mass transport system and the institution of a system to regulate road users; administration and implementation of all the enforcement operations, traffic engineering services and traffic education programs, including the institution of a single ticketing system in Metropolitan Manila.
Solid waste disposal and management which include formulation, and implementation of policies, standards, programs and projects for proper and sanitary waste disposal. It shall likewise include the establishment and operation of sanitary landfill and related facilities and the implementation of other alternative programs intended to reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste.
Flood control and sewerage management which includes the formulation and implementation of policies, standards, programs and projects for an integrated flood control, drainage and sewerage system.
Urban renewal, zoning and land use planning, and shelter services which includes the formulation, adoption and implementation of policies, standards, rules and regulations, programs and projects to rationalize and optimize urban land use and provide direction to urban growth and expansion, the rehabilitation and development of slum and blighted areas, the development of shelter and housing facilities and the provision of necessary social services thereof.
Health and sanitation, urban protection and pollution control which includes the formulation and implementation of policies, rules and regulations, standards, programs and projects for the promotion and safeguarding of the health and sanitation of the region and for the enhancement of ecological balance and the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution.
Public safety which includes the formulation and implementation of programs and policies and procedures to , achieve public safety, especially preparedness for preventive or rescue operations during times of calamities and disasters such as conflagrations, earthquake,-flood and tidal waves; and coordination and mobilization of resources and the implementation for rehabilitation and relief operations in coordination with national agencies concerned.
This one I already mentioned earlier so next slide po thank you.
So these are the metropolitan arrangements in the Philippines
Metro Blist (formerly Metro Baguio)
CAMADA (formerly Metro Dagupan) Calasiao, Mangaldan, Dagupan
Metro Manila
Metro Naga
Metro Iloilo
Metro Cebu
Metro Cagayan de Oro
And Metro Davao
But currently we only recognized three metropolitan arrangements officially
Those are
Metro Manila
Metro Cebu and
Metro Davao
Let me share to you a quote from a study of -Ruben G. Mercado and Rosario G. Manasan (1998) entitled metropolitan arrangements in the Philippines: Passing Fancy or the Future Megatrend
( Eyng-go-ti )Angotti (1993) in writing a modern day perspective on metropolitanization in
the world has suggested a general rule-of-thumb in defining a metropolis by referring
to it as a large urban settlement with at least one million population.2 A city is
different from a metropolis as the former is only a medium-sized settlement with a
population between 100,000 and one million. Also a unique feature of a metropolis is
that its geographical area usually extends across several local government boundaries.
Applying the above definition to known metropolises in the country today
would only qualify Metro Manila, Metro Cebu and Metro Davao. Metropolitan
arrangement is a term being introduced in this paper to define or classify other
metropolises which do not pass the theoretical standards of population and urban
criteria to be called a metropolis but, nonetheless, functionally behave as such.
Operationally defined, a metropolitan arrangement is where a highly urbanized city
and the local government units contiguous with it, enter into a cooperative venture in
planning and implementing urban development activities.
This is the reason why we only recognize three metropolitan arrangements
Next is the other countries’ experiences
Our source came from the UN-Habitat, it is an international organization that promotes transformative change in cities and human settlements through knowledge, policy advice, technical assistance and collaborative action to leave no one and no place behind.
According to UN-Habitat, cities and urban dynamics are evolving rapidly around the world. Between 2000 and 2015, cities grew by 1.5% a year in terms of area (EC OECD, 2020). Due to that expansion, many cities have grown beyond the boundaries of their central municipality configuring bigger and denser metropolises, understood as the city and its commuting zone, which consists of suburban, periurban and rural areas economically and socially linked to the city.
UN-Habitat integrative approach for metropolitan management involves local, sub-national and national governments participation in metropolitan governance, metropolitan policies and legislation, metropolitan planning, and metropolitan finance and economics.
Next po
That concludes our presentation for today, these are our sources thank you so much po for listening.