1. Unit Three Study Guide
Renaissance (1300 – 1700)
Know that the renaissance was a rebirth of the interest in learning.
List a couple of important artist or inventors from this time period.
Michelangelo, Da Vinci, and Shakespeare
Be able to explain what humanism is.
Interest in life instead of the after life.
Compare and contrast human values of the middle ages and the renaissance period.
In the middle ages humans were concerned with the after life. During the Renaissance
people became concerned with their lives now instead of the after life.
Know humanism was reflected in the paintings of the renaissance period…in other words, how
did the renaissance change arts?
Hieratic scale was no longer used and oil paint was used instead of tempera paint.
Know the difference between tempera and oil paintings.
Tempera paint looked more 2-D and was used during the middle ages. Oil paints looked
more 3-D and were used during the Renaissance Period.
Know the characteristics of paintings from the middle ages and renaissance.
In the middle ages artist used hieratic scale and mostly painted godly images like angles
and churches. Renaissance artists painted normal people and stopped using hieratic scale.
Know the causes of the French Revolution and what the reign of terror was.
The French people wanted a democracy so they violently overthrew their government. The
reign of terror was the period during the revolution.
Be able to explain what the major conflict was behind the three English Civil Wars and what the
Glorious revolution was. The English Civil Wars were fights between Parliaments and
royalists. The Glorious Revolution was an over through of King James the II.
Exploration and Monarchy (1400 – 1700)
What were the major world powers during this time period?
England, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Spain

2. Be able to explain how exploring new lands helped the countries listed above gain so much
power.
They made colonies and were able to tax them so they made money off of that and they
were able to trade the resources that the countries had.
Know the difference between expansionism and imperialism.
Expansionism is a country expanding its economy and territory to other countries.
Imperialism is a country going to other countries and making colonies, the country treats
the colony unfairly.
Know what the “Divine Right of Monarchs” was.
It was the thought that God appointed monarchs to rule.
Know who Louis XIV and Louis XVI were.
Louis the XIV (the Sun King) united France into one country. Louis the XVI was the only
French king ever to be executed.
Protestant Reformation and Counter Reformation
Know that the Roman Catholic Church of the 16th
Century was too powerful and became a
religious monopoly.
Know what indulgences were and what the money raised by them were used for.
They were things you could buy to be forgiven for a sin. The money went towards building
new churches and other projects.
Who was Martin Luther?
A German monk who started the Protestant Reformation
Know what the 95 theses were and be able to explain the basic complaints that Luther had
against the Church. It was the list of things Martin Luther didn’t like about the Catholic
Church. He thought that you could only get to Heaven on God’s grace and that churches
shouldn’t be so elaborated
Make sure you know his stance on salvation and being divine.
He thought that you could only get to Heaven on God’s grace and that no human was
divine.

3. Be able to explain the significance of Luther’s translation of the Bible to German…as well as
whom he inspired to translate the English version. It marked a change in the Church because
now everyday people could read the Bible. This inspired King James to translate it to
English.
What was the 30 Years War?
This was a fight between Protestants and Catholics over religious teachings.
Know what the major purpose of the Council of Trent was.
Condemn Protestant teaching and define Church teaching
Explain what the major results were that the Council produced.
Stated that anyone who substituted their interpretation was a heretic, salvation came by
faith and works, and decrees were issued for Church practices like Indulgences.
Define heretic.
Someone who goes against church teaching.
Who were the Jesuits and what was their “job”?
They were a group of Catholic priests who were supposed to stop the spread of
Protestantism, spread Catholicism, and establish Catholic schools and colleges.
Scientific Revolution (1500 – 1700)
This period is often referred to as being a “Age of Reasoning”….be able to explain what this
means. People were basing fact on science instead of basing it on religion
Be able to explain how the scientific revolution and humanism are closely related.
Both focus on fact instead of God. They focus on life now instead of the after life.
Be able to explain medical and scientific discoveries such as…
• Blood circulation
Founded by William Harvey
• Orbit of the planets
Discovered by Johannes Kepler
• Telescope
Made by Galileo
• Laws of gravity
Found by Isaac Newton

5. Industrial Revolution
Know that this revolution changed how goods were produced, from being done by hand to
machine made.
Know that the industrial revolution started in Great Britain and the first machines produced
textiles.
Be able to explain the effect urbanization had on the revolution.
People moved to cities to have jobs in the factories. This gave the businesses more people to
hire and help the business to expand.

6. Industrial Revolution
Know that this revolution changed how goods were produced, from being done by hand to
machine made.
Know that the industrial revolution started in Great Britain and the first machines produced
textiles.
Be able to explain the effect urbanization had on the revolution.
People moved to cities to have jobs in the factories. This gave the businesses more people to
hire and help the business to expand.