16. * The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms.
* Emotional barriers and taboos. Some people may find it difficult to express
their emotions and some topics may be completely 'off-limits' or taboo.
* Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver. (See
our page Barriers to Effective Listening for more information).
* Differences in perception and viewpoint.
* Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.
* Physical barriers to non-verbal communication. Not being able to see the non-
verbal cues, gestures, posture and general body language can make
communication less effective.
* Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
* Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or
stereotyping. People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is
actually said and jump to incorrect conclusions.
* Cultural differences. The norms of social interaction vary greatly in different
cultures, as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the
concept of personal space varies between cultures and between different
social settings.
17.
18. * 1) It maintains the standards of basic civility that we’re all entitled to at
work. Like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, these two little words also go a long
way towards improving communication and the overall atmosphere.
* 2) ’Good morning’ humanizes our co-workers. We’re real people, not just
cogs in a pointlessly spinning wheel. Show some humanity.
* 3) Provides for a more democratic environment, where everyone from the
CEO to the mail clerk get to share in a friendly two-second exchange.
* 4) It’s quick (and relatively painless). If it is painful, you should probably
be looking for a new job or scheduling time for some serious self-
reflection.
* 5) It’s free.
* 6) Acknowledging the mere presence of someone is interpersonal
communications 101. Don’t YOU want to be noticed? You might tell
yourself otherwise, but at the end of the day, we all want to be
recognized.
* 7) Saying ‘good morning’ makes things less awkward when you inevitably
have to address your co-worker later in the day. Start the day off on the
right foot and avoid potential stressors later in the day.
19.
20. “A person responsible for
controlling or administering all
or part of a company or similar
organization.”
21. “The focal person who
leads or commands a
group, organization, or
country.”
22. Manager Leader
administers innovates.
is a copy is an original.
maintains develops.
focuses on systems and structure focuses on people.
relies on control inspires trust.
has a short-range view has a long-range perspective.
asks how and when asks what and why.
has his or her eye always on the bottom
line eye is on the horizon.
imitates originates.
accepts the status quo challenges it.
is the classic good soldier is his or her own person.
does things right does the right thing.
The name (which comes from the Middle English word morning) was formed from the analogy of evening using the word "morn" (in Middle English morwen), and originally meant the coming of the sunrise as evening meant the beginning of the close of the day. The Middle English morwen dropped over time and became morwe, then eventually morrow, which properly means "morning", but was soon used to refer to the following day (i.e., "tomorrow"), as in other Germanic languages—English is unique in restricting the word to the newer usage.[2][3] The Spanish word "mañana" has two meanings in English: "morning," and "tomorrow."