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The New Zealand Curriculum Key Competencies: Opportunity or Obstacle to Pedagogical Shift Preparing our students for the 21 st century world

The New Zealand Curriculum  , &

Job Outlook 2002 National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) Global Context

Impact Barry McGraw CISCO 21 st Century Learning Conference Melbourne 2008 Global Context Globalization and Competition Makes Trade Easier Capital More Mobile New Jobs and Lost Jobs Education Response to Economy Pressure to Increase Access to/Equity of Wealth Through Skills Demands for Productivity Demands for Increased Skills

Page Bottom Where Jobs Are May 13, 2004 OP-CHART Where the Jobs Are By W. MICHAEL COX, RICHARD ALM and NIGEL HOLMES Copyright 2004 The New York Times Company Page Top New York Times Company 2004 W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm are, respectively, chief economist and economics writer at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. Nigel Holmes is a graphic designer. Global Context

Impact Education Is Changing Barry McGraw CISCO 21 st Century Learning Conference Melbourne 2008 Global Context The Learner Demands Improved Access Demands Improved Outcomes The Economy Demands New 21st Century Skills Demands Strong Basics Facing Large Scale Disruption In Need of a Bold and Urgent Response Education System

Interact in heterogeneous groups Act autonomously Physical as well as socio-cultural tools such as the use of language In an increasingly interdependent world, individuals need to engage with diverse others Individuals need to take responsibility for managing their own lives, situate their lives in the broader social context and act autonomously Use tools interactively (e.g. language, technology)* Think and act reflectively OECD: Definition and Selection of the Key Competencies

2. That the responsibility and the opportunities for developing the key competencies are a ‘whole school thing’: that it is about developing an enabling school culture as well as an enabling classroom culture. That it is about deprivatising school practice as well as classroom practice and inviting communities in as teachers and learners.

‘ School culture is…the invisible but powerful mindsets that shape the learning environment as much or more than do the four walls of the classroom.’ Wagner, et al 2006

How do you know whether your students are happy at school and engaged with their learning? a) They turn up. b) They put their hand up in class. c) Homework usually gets done. d) Don’t know— they seem cheerful enough. Student engagement with school and learning is important—it makes a difference. Yet schools largely have to rely on ad hoc measures, or anecdotal impressions like those above. The New Zealand Council for Educational Research has developed a tool which is designed to give schools more robust and systematic information about student engagement. It is for Year 7 to 10 students and probes their attitudes, moods, and feelings towards school, teachers, peers and their learning.

NZC Overview scan NZ Curriculum

The key competencies are an important part of the New Zealand Curriculum. They focus on developing dispositions and behaviours that empower students to approach new learning opportunities with motivation and confidence, equipped with a range of strategies and processes to negotiate and create new knowledge in the 21st century and beyond. The knowledge and skills contained in each of the essential learning areas continues to be important, school management and classroom teachers will need support to ensure that in selecting relevant learning contexts and pedagogical approaches, that these attend to, and are conducive to, the development of the key competencies. NZ Curriculum

3.That they can be seen as an agent for pedagogical change and teacher inquiry, and can be supported through effective professional learning communities.

School Teacher Student Parents J. Pelgrum IEA 1999 Global Context Education in the Industrial Society (the traditionally important paradigm) Isolated from society Most information on the function of schools is confidential Initiates instruction Teaches entire class Evaluates students Places low emphasis on communication skills Mostly passive Learns mostly at school Hardly any teamwork Takes answers from books and teachers Learns answers to questions Low interest in learning Hardly involved in learning process Minimal involvement in the process of instruction No model for lifelong learning Education in the Information Society Integrated in society Information is openly available Helps students find appropriate path of instruction Guides students independent learning Helps students evaluate their own progress Places high emphasis on communication skills More active Learns outside as well Much teamwork Asks questions Finds answers to questions High interest in learning Actively involved in learning process Partner in the process of instruction Provide model for life-long learning

Form versus Function: the critical understanding Michael Fullan, Paul Cobb, et al There is nothing intrinsically ‘bad’ about (direct instruction), or ‘good about co operative learning. The overriding question must always be: In the time available, which pedagogical pathway is likely to lead students to the biggest pot of educational gold? (p345). Ackermann(2003) in the Inquiring teacher: Clarifying the concept of teaching effectiveness Graeme Aiken First Time Principals Module 2.

Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the one who asked why .

Mind-mapping – concept mapping Buzan Inspiration software Hidden Lives of Learners - misconceptions

NZCER

Think of a challenge you will face in the next month or so. What are complex skills and behaviours you will need to draw on to succeed in this challenge? Scenarios for staff and students (Can you group these according to the key competencies? ) What are your strengths and weaknesses in these areas? What opportunities would help you to develop these? What plan/goals will you set for yourself?

The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." --Alvin Toffler, American futurist

5. That helping teachers and students to see their own socio-cultural positioning determines how they view a competency, and the considerations and support that must take place to ensure that there has been accessible learning opportunities, room for negotiation and that one is not assessing cultural or social capital.

EDUCATION PROVIDES MANY WORLD VIEWS Change Interrelationships Organisation Concepts about the world Science Mathematics History Religion Data and Information Observing inferring measuring recording analysing evaluating synthesizing Skills for Processing Information Verification Respect for data Opinions Appreciation Belief Faith Ground Rules or Approaches Joe Exline

Input Learning outcomes Affective James Gee in Moss, P. et al. (2008) Assessment Ethics and Opportunities to Learn

6. That we must all respond to the challenge to see knowledge in different ways and to recognise the changes that have taken place and how our young people interact with the world around them

Evolution of 21 st Century Learning Social Networking How Learners Best Engage Informal Content Formal Content Learner Teacher Barry McGraw CISCO 21 st Century Learning Conference Melbourne 2008

The Rigor/Relevance Framework A Acquisition B Application C Assimilation D Adaptation K N O W L E D G E T A X O N O M Y 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ev aluation Synthesis Analysis Application Understanding Awareness APPLICATION MODEL 1 2 3 4 5 Knowledge Apply in discipline Apply across disciplines Apply to real world predictable situations Apply to real-world unpredictable situations International Center for Leadership in Education

7. That change is hard for all of us and this requires recognition and response to the barriers and enablers to that.

Implications Schools which are…? Leadership Culture Structures Decision making processes Information management Behaviour Management Strategies aligned with KCs? Reporting /feedback mechanisms? 360s? Open to and value feedback Students who are… Adaptable Resilient Creative Comfortable with change Emotionally intelligent Resourceful Collaborative Innovative Knowledgeable Life-long learners Open to and value feedback Teachers who are…? Stop doing, keep doing, start doing. Teacher inquiry into innovative teaching methods and the impact of teaching on split screen learning outcomes Supported by collaborative technologies Open to and value feedback

What Teachers Can Do Now From Catching the Knowledge Wave? NZCER Press 2005 5.They can develop databases of community contacts and resources All teachers have networks of community contacts they use to help them do their work. Could be a site for collecting and storing of important local knowledge. To achieve support for initiatives schools will need well though out strategies for ‘marketing them to communities. 6. They can focus on developing systems-level understanding of their subject Teachers could build into their units of work sections that explicitly aim to develop students meta- or systems level understanding of particular curriculum areas….understanding how the body of knowledge works –both internally, on its own terms , and in relation to other bodies of knowledge- and see how it fits into the widersocio-political context in which it developed. 4. They can foreground students’ real world research projects Currently in schools – Enterprise for Education; CREST awards; Maths Olympiads, Technology challenge; Stage Challenge; Youth Parliament etc. ‘many of these programmes could be redesigned to make them prominent parts of school activities, so structuring classroom learning for all students , not the few who involve themselves in these activities as optional extras.

Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM)

Identifying Stages of Concern (CBAM) from Hall and Hord www. resources.sai-iowa.org/change/cbam.ppt IMPACT TASK SELF Hall & Hord, p. 63 Stages of Concern Expressions of Concern Stage 6: Refocusing I have some ideas about something that would work even better. Stage 5: Collaboration I am concerned about relating what I am doing with what my co-workers are doing. Stage 4: Consequence How is my use affecting clients? Stage 3: Management I seem to be spending all of my time getting materials ready. Stage 2: Personal How will using it affect me? Stage 1: Informational I would like to know more about it. Stage 0: Awareness I am not concerned about it.

Hall & Hord, p. 82 Levels of Use Behaviors Associated with LoU 0 Non-Use No interest shown in the innovation; no action taken 1 Orientation Begins to gather information about the innovation 2 Preparation Begins to plan ways to implement the innovation 3 Mechanical Concerned about mechanics of implementation 4A Routine Comfortable will innovation and implements it as taught 4B Refinement Begins to explore ways for continuous improvement 5 Integration Integrates innovation with other initiatives; does not view it as an add-on; collaborates with others 6 Renewal Explores new and different ways to implement innovation

Categories for Levels of Use Hall & Hord, p. 90 Knowledge Knows about the innovation, how to use it, and consequences of its use. Acquiring Information Solicits information in a variety of ways (e.g., resource persons, printed materials, site visits, Sharing Collaborates with others (e.g., sharing plans, ideas, resources, problem solving) Assessing Examines implementation as well as collecting and analyzing data Planning Designs and outlines short- and long-term outcomes (i.e., aligns resources, collaborates, schedules activities) Status Reporting Describes personal level of implementation Performing Operationalizes the actions and activities of innovation

8. That one should not try and plan for the development of each of the key competencies in any one lesson or unit; that it is likely that one or two will be foregrounded because the learning context lends itself to those particular ones.

Subject /Curriculum Area: The Key Competencies – Contextual Opportunities for Learning (Based on a table by Cheryl Doig) [email_address] Competency Description Professional Teachers Learning contexts and the dimensions of strength (Carr, 2006) A(agency); B(breadth); C(continuity); D(Depth) Professional Learning Communities MANAGING SELF • Self-motivation, a “ can-do ” attitude, and seeing themselves as capable learners. It is integral to self-assessment. • Learners who manage themselves are enterprising, resourceful, reliable, and resilient. • They establish personal goals, make plans, manage projects, and set high standards. • They have strategies for meeting challenges. • They know when to lead, when to follow, and when and how to act independently. Model: • Meeting commitments • Applying learning to new situations • Intrinsic motivation • Social ethical values, the ability to resolve conflict; and resiliency • Seeking and acting on feedback of own performance. Teach: • Reflection as an essential part of learning • Self management/ responsibility skills such as goal setting, time management, choice making, self assessment and evaluation • Making purposes and goals explicit Classroom Culture (Claxton et al) Classroom & Community Based Curriculum Contexts Innovative / 21 st C teaching and learning • Encourage staff to think for themselves • Build resiliency through appropriate levels of delegation & professional learning • Recognise conflict as important for community growth and develop systems to express this openly and safely • Provide systems which provide guidance while still allowing independence and flexibility within the working structure • Obtains regular individual and collective feedback from stakeholder groups

Authentic or simulated contexts Problem solving /inquiry approach*- local, national or global issues E4E, E4S Computer games e.g. ‘Second Life’ virtual societies – using them; ‘unpacking’ them; creating them Concept mapping E-portfolios Student self/peer/group assessment Feedback for all – learning partnerships Learning logs / diaries

9. Being more aware of the atomisation of learning objectives and helping students reconnect to and RESPOND TO the big themes and concepts.

Theme Relationships Duration of unit: 10 weeks Guiding Questions which encourage the exploration of students ’ own values and those of others . See page 10 NZC. Why are relationships important? What values are the most important in any relationship? Why are some relationships difficult? How has the building of relationships changed in our ever-changing world? How can relationships be nurtured? How are relationships we have with family different from the relationships we have with friends? Year Level: 10 Curriculum Levels: 4-5 AsTTle levels: Achievement Objectives Learning Outcomes Making meaning: Ideas – show an understanding of ideas in and between texts; Language Features – identify language techniques and describe their effects; Structure - show an understanding of how structure contributes to meaning. Creating Meaning : Purpose and Audience – conveys a sense of personal voice; Ideas – develops ideas and show viewpoints; Structure – uses a variety of sentence structures for effect; Language Features – use text conventions appropriately and with increasing accuracy. Making meaning: Students will show an understanding of ideas, both literal and inferential, through close reading of written text. This will be in the form of a one period test. Creating meaning: Students will develop a piece of personal writing for a given audience and purpose, that develops ideas and which uses a range of vocabulary and uses text conventions with increasing accuracy. Resources The Freezer – short NZ film Dear Ex – Dad - Jillian Sullivan, NZ short story writer For Heidi with Blue Hair – Fleur Adcock - NZ poet Pact for Mother and Teenager – Fiona Kidman – NZ poet Gifts - Kath Walker – Aboriginal poet Love Songs for Iona – Sia Figiel - Samoan poet Leanne Webb, Michelle Pomana. Diana Patience: Team Solutions 2008

Maths Unit Key Competencies Planning for Learning Outcomes Maths Learning Planning for Learning Outcomes Analysis Next steps Analysis Next steps

Julie Cadzow: see ArtsOnline

Julie Cadzow: see ArtsOnline

Julie Cadzow: see ArtsOnline

Kate Rice et al Otago KEY COMPETENCIES pp.12-13 Using Language, Symbols & Texts 1. FOCUS: interpreting a diagram of the structure of a chemical STARTER ACTIVITY: oil on water and detergent drop observation PROCESS: i.e.: how I will build students ’ ability to interpret chemical structure diagram of detergent / soap Role play – acting out the reaction Make a model Give & discuss the scientific structure Give / discuss the model of how soap / detergents work 2. FOCUS: creating a diagram of where soap / detergent waste water goes STARTER ACTIVITY: PROCESS i.e.: how I will build students ’ ability to understand where soap / detergent waste water goes Follow a local waste water pipe / stormwater drain (as much as possible) Visit wastewater treatment station Map the school drains Look at stormwater / waterwater drain diagrams Create a flow diagram to show the process of where soap / detergent waste water ends up KNOWLEDGE BASE: Facts We Need to Know / Teach Theory behind the cleaning process Soap vs. Detergents What is in commercially bought soaps / detergents INVESTIGATING IN SCIENCE FOCUS: ask questions, find evidence, explore simple models, and carry out appropriate investigations to develop simple explanations (L3-4) STARTER ACTIVITY: How much soap / detergent is required for the job? PROCESS: i.e.: how I will develop students ’ observation and questioning skills Compare different soaps and detergents Talk about and draw similarities and differences Devise and carry out simple experiments to find minimum requirements UNIT: Smarter Clean-Ups 1. Developing students understanding of physical and chemical properties through observation and measurements (MATERIAL WORLD L.3) 2. Use this understanding to explore issues relating to soaps and detergents and make decisions about possible actions (NATURE OF SCIENCE Participating & Contributing L.3-4) 3. Implement appropriate actions (Personal and Social Responsibility for Action p. 13; Action for the Environment p.14 GUIDELINES for EE in NZ Schools) KEY COMPETENCIES pp.12-13 PRINCIPLES p.9 Thinking Learning to Learn Cultural Diversity COMMUNICATING IN SCIENCE – Begin to use a range of scientific symbols, conventions and vocabulary (L. 3) 1. FOCUS: Cultural Differences re: Cleaning STARTER ACTIVITY: PROCESS: 2. FOCUS: Pollution caused by soaps / detergents STARTER ACTIVITY: PROCESS: 3. FOCUS: Economic cost of using soaps / detergents POSSIBLE ACTIONS – to be decided in dialogue with the students Use Action Planners (Guidelines for EE in NZ Schools) and decision making matrices ( www.e4s.org.nz ) NATURE OF SCIENCE Participating & Contributing – explore various aspects of an issue and make decisions about possible actions L. 3 1) Personal Behaviour Examples: Write and say a pledge to reduce or measure the amount of soap used when washing dishes/ clothes, bathing and cleaning ; “ I pledge to only use a quarter of a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid ” “ I pledge to measure the amount of shampoo I use with a .... ” Take responsibility for washing the family car, and ensure that it is washed on the grass, not the pavement 2) Systems for the class/ school Examples: Test / trial the use of ‘ home-made ’ cleaning products at schoolwith the school cleaner(s) Make and sell environmentally friendly cleaning products Paint stormwater drains with yellow fish to promote “ drains are for rain ” c) Educating others to help them change their behaviours Examples: Ask supermarkets to consider stocking certain products over others; Write to detergent manufacturers with soap /detergent measuring device designs; lead a community ‘ drains are for rain ’ campaign with displays, flyers, text bombs etc; encourage family members to reduce their soap/ detergent use NATURE OF SCIENCE Participating & Contributing 1. FOCUS: – use their growing science knowledge when considering the effects of soap on the environment L. 3 STARTER ACTIVITY: pictures of soaps / detergents effects on the environment PROCESS: i.e.: how I will develop students ’ growing science knowledge Have a water pollution expert visit / email / skype etc – have students prepare questions Realize that some bubbles in water are natural – devise an experiment to illustrate how this could happen Assessment Science using NZ Science Exemplars Matrix A – engaging in social issues Matrix A – caring for the environment Matrix D – communicates explanations using aids

Kate Rice et al Otago KEY COMPETENCY Thinking Participating & Contributing VALUES Innovation, Inquiry & Curiosity Community & Participation Ecological Sustainability PRINCIPLES Future Focus: sustainability, globalisation, enterprise, globalisation 5. Taking Action towards the cause of the environmental issue (rather than a symptom) – What are we going to do about what we have found out? Encourage Student Planning using Action Planners (from Guidelines for EE in NZ Schools, MoE 1999) - students start to plan their action; continue to refer back to this and add to it - Model with the whole class if students haven ’ t utilised one of these before Use a decision making matrix to assist with the decision making process Actions may include: a) Changing personal behaviour This can be helped by writing a pledge / personal statement in front of others and ensuring it is part of the school environmental code Examples: Pledging to reduce or measure the amount of soap used when washing dishes/ clothes, bathing and cleaning ; “ I pledge to only use a quarter of a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid ” “ I pledge to measure the amount of shampoo I use with a .... ” b) Setting up a system or action for the class/ school / community Examples: Testing and trialing the use of ‘ home-made ’ cleaning products at school Implementing the use of environmentally friendly cleaning products for the school (after trialing with the school cleaner(s) Making and selling environmentally friendly cleaning products Painting stormwater drains with yellow fish to promote “ drains are for rain ” c) Educating others to help them change their behaviours Examples: Flyers for the local community, letters to businesses, talks with politicians, contributing to Council Annual Plan process, community displays, being ‘ environmental watchdogs ’ to check on adult behaviours

Did you know . . . Sometimes size does matter. If you’re one in a million in China . . . There are 1,300 people just like you. In India, there are 1,100 people just like you. The 25% of the population in China with the highest IQ’s . . . Is greater than the total population of North America. In India, it’s the top 28%. Translation for teachers: They have more honors kids than we have kids. Did you know . . . China will soon become the number one English speaking country in the world. If you took every single job in the U.S. today and shipped it to China . . . China would still have a labor surplus. During the course of this 8 minute presentation . . . 60 babies will be born in the U.S. 244 babies will be born in China. 351 babies will be born in India. The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that today’s learner will have 10-14 jobs . . . By the age of 38. According to the U.S. Department of Labor . . . 1 out of 4 workers today is working for a company they have been employed by for less than one year. More than 1 out of 2 are working for a company they have worked for less than five years. According to former Secretary of Education Richard Riley . . . The top 10 in-demand jobs in 2010 didn’t exist in 2004. We are currently preparing students for jobs that don’t yet exist . . . Using technologies that haven’t been invented . . . In order to solve problems we don’t even know are problems yet.

Name this country . . . Richest in the World Largest Military Center of world business and finance Strongest education system World center of innovation and invention Currency the world standard of value Highest standard of living England. In 1900. In 2002 alone Nintendo invested more than $140 million in research and development. The U.S. Federal Government spent less than half as much on Research and Innovation in Education. 1 out of every 8 couples married in the U.S. last year met online. There are over 100 million registered users of MySpace. August 2006) *If MySpace were a country, it would be the 11th-largest in the world (between Japan and Mexico)* Did you know . . . We are living in exponential times. There are over 2.7 billion searches performed on Google each month. To whom were these questions addressed B.G.? (Before Google) The number of text messages sent and received every day exceeds the population of the planet. There are about 540,000 words in the English language . . . About 5 times as many as during Shakespeare’s time. More than 3,000 new books are published . . . Daily. It’s estimated that a week’s worth of New York Times . . . Contains more information than a person was likely to come across in a lifetime in the 18th century. It’s estimated that 40 exabytes (that’s 4.0 x 1019) of unique new information will be generated worldwide this year. That’s estimated to be more than in the previous 5,000 years.

The amount of new technical information is doubling every 2 years. It’s predicted to double every 72 hours by 2010. Predictions are that e-paper will be cheaper than real paper. 47 million laptops were shipped worldwide last year. The $100 laptop project is expecting to ship between 50 and 100 million laptops a year to children in underdeveloped countries. Predictions are that by 2013 a supercomputer will be built that exceeds the computation capability of the Human Brain . . . By 2023, a $1,000 computer will exceed the computation capability of the Human Brain . . . First grader Abby will be just 23 years old and beginning her (first) career . . . And while technical predictions further out than about 15 years are hard to do . . . Predictions are that by 2049 a $1,000 computer will exceed the computational capabilities of the human race . What does it all mean? Shift Happens. Several folks have asked for just the text of the Did You Know presentation. You can find it below. The original presentation ( http://thefischbowl.blogspot.com/2006/08/did-you-know.html ) includes slides at the beginning that are specific to my school. (You can also find sources for the information and the original context of the presentation there.) Scott McLeod’s Remix ( http://scottmcleod.typepad.com/dangerouslyirrelevant/2007/01/gone_fischin.html ) removes AHS-specific slides and adds one MySpace slide. There are also various other remixes on the web that have different slides (typically specific to local schools/states/countries).