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Neuroethics Learning Collaborative
Brain enhancement II: Mood and Personality
              enhancement
Outline of lecture
• Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement
• SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers?
• Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and
  brighten personality
• Ethical, legal and social issues




                                                  2
Listening to Prozac
      “The self, and how it fares in a
        world where personality is
        understood as ‘biological’
        and subject to biological
        influence, is a central issue
        for our time… Who are we, if
        we can be so altered by
        medication? And why should
        the medicated self on
        occasion feel more ‘true’
        than the unmedicated?”
                                     3
Listening to Prozac
       Not promoting SSRI for
         mood/personality
         enhancement
       ‘Enhancement’? Pts not
         hunky dory
         - fuzzy and moving line between
         therapy and enhancement




                                       4
Outline of lecture
• Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement
• SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers?
• Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and
  brighten personality
• Ethical, legal and social issues




                                                  5
SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers?
                       - Serotonin reuptake
                       - Mood effects
                         downstream
                       - More effective for
                         severe than mild
                         depression
                       - But do affect mood
                         and behavior in
                         normal people
                                           6
paroxetine in healthy normal Ss
  Knutson et al (1998) Am J. of Psychiatry




                                             7
Outline of lecture
• Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement
• SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers?
• Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and
  brighten personality
• Ethical, legal and social issues




                                                  8
Mother’s little helpers
•   1950’s-1960’s
•   Tranquilizers, amphetamine
•   Treat ups and downs of life
•   Doctors turn away in 70’s because of addiction




                                                 9
10
11
12
Outline of lecture
• Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement
• SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers?
• Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and
  brighten personality
• Ethical, legal and social issues




                                              13
Ethical, legal and social issues
Safety, Fairness and Freedom, as with CEs
Personhood, Identity and Authenticity




                                            14
Ethical, legal and social issues
Safety, Fairness and Freedom, as with CEs
Personhood, Identity and Authenticity
“Resistance is futile”




                                            15

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Mood/Personality Enhancement

  • 1. Neuroethics Learning Collaborative Brain enhancement II: Mood and Personality enhancement
  • 2. Outline of lecture • Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement • SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers? • Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and brighten personality • Ethical, legal and social issues 2
  • 3. Listening to Prozac “The self, and how it fares in a world where personality is understood as ‘biological’ and subject to biological influence, is a central issue for our time… Who are we, if we can be so altered by medication? And why should the medicated self on occasion feel more ‘true’ than the unmedicated?” 3
  • 4. Listening to Prozac Not promoting SSRI for mood/personality enhancement ‘Enhancement’? Pts not hunky dory - fuzzy and moving line between therapy and enhancement 4
  • 5. Outline of lecture • Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement • SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers? • Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and brighten personality • Ethical, legal and social issues 5
  • 6. SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers? - Serotonin reuptake - Mood effects downstream - More effective for severe than mild depression - But do affect mood and behavior in normal people 6
  • 7. paroxetine in healthy normal Ss Knutson et al (1998) Am J. of Psychiatry 7
  • 8. Outline of lecture • Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement • SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers? • Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and brighten personality • Ethical, legal and social issues 8
  • 9. Mother’s little helpers • 1950’s-1960’s • Tranquilizers, amphetamine • Treat ups and downs of life • Doctors turn away in 70’s because of addiction 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. 11
  • 12. 12
  • 13. Outline of lecture • Definition: Revisiting therapy vs enhancement • SSRIs – (how) do they work as enhancers? • Beyond SSRIs: Other drugs that lift mood and brighten personality • Ethical, legal and social issues 13
  • 14. Ethical, legal and social issues Safety, Fairness and Freedom, as with CEs Personhood, Identity and Authenticity 14
  • 15. Ethical, legal and social issues Safety, Fairness and Freedom, as with CEs Personhood, Identity and Authenticity “Resistance is futile” 15