3. • Humanism presented a new way of thinking, emphasizing
the ability of individuals to improve society, based on
classical studies.
• Artists depicted idealized individuals and balance,
Donatello, Leonardo, and Michelangelo creating
masterpieces in painting, sculpture, and architecture.
4. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM
• People began focus more on humans rather than divine or supernatural matters of medieval
scholasticism.
8. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM
• Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common
human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
9. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM
• Humanists studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history like the ancient Greeks
and Romans. Today these subjects are called the humanities.
19. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The Divine Comedy is considered the preeminent work of Italian literature and one of the greatest
works of world literature.
20. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The Divine Comedy chronicles Dante’s adventure to salvation. His soul travels to the 9 levels of
Hell, through Purgatory, and finally arrives in Paradise or Heaven.
21. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The Divine Comedy chronicles Dante’s adventure to salvation. His soul travels to the 9 levels of
Hell, through Purgatory, and finally arrives in Paradise or Heaven.
22. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The Divine Comedy chronicles Dante’s adventure to salvation. His soul travels to the 9 levels of
Hell, through Purgatory, and finally arrives in Paradise or Heaven.
23. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The Divine Comedy chronicles Dante’s adventure to salvation. His soul travels to the 9 levels of
Hell, through Purgatory, and finally arrives in Paradise or Heaven.
24. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• In England, Chaucer helped standardize English vernacular in his famous work The Canterbury
Tales.
26. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• The stories are told from the point o view of 29 different pilgrims on their way to Canterbury
Cathedral, giving hilarious insights into various classes.
28. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• A proto feminist, de Pizan ‘s The Book of the City of Ladies rallies against male writers arguing
that women, by their very nature, cannot learn and are “ easily swayed by emotions”.
29. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
• “Should I also tell you whether a woman’s nature is clever and quick enough to learn speculative sciences
as well as to discover them, and likewise the manual arts. I assure you that women are equally well-
suited and skilled to carry them out and to put them to sophisticated use once they have learned them.”
30. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• As humanists believed education could improve society, they wrote books on education and opened
schools.
31. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• These schools emphasized the Liberal Arts and physical fitness, as Classical Greece had.
32. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• Students studied history, moral philosophy, eloquence (or rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic),
poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music.
33. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• Students studied the classical histories, poetry, in Latin and later Greek.
34. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• Students were taught the skills of javelin throwing, archery, and dancing, and they were
encouraged to run, wrestle, hunt, and swim.
35. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• The humanist model dominated European education until the 20th Century, it’s main purpose to
create well rounded citizens.
36. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
• Women and most non elite men were not included in the schools.
37. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE
The rare women students studied mostly religion and morals , to become “Christian ladies”, good
mothers and wives.
38. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING
• With the invention of printing press Europeans could share and learn ideas on a large scale for the
first time.
39. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING
• Johannes Gutenberg of Germany’s movable type press is often considered the number one invention
of all time.
40. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING
• Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about 1455, was the first European book produced from movable type.
41. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING
• By 1500, there were over a thousand printers in Europe, producing more than forty thousand titles.
42. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING
• Printing allowed European civilization to compete for the first time with the civilization of China,
who had been printing books for a thousand years.
43. THE ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
• Renaissance artists emphasized human being “the center of all things” and wanted to imitate the
natural world in their art.
44. THE ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
• The Renaissance began in the Republic of Florence, then spread to Italy, Milan, Venice, then across
Europe.
45. THE ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
• In the 14th Century, Giotto di Bondone is considered the first in a line of great artists who
contributed to the Renaissance.
46. THE ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
• Giotto (Florence) was the first artist to draw from human models. According to Vasari "the great art of
painting as we know it today, introducing the technique of drawing accurately from life, which had been
neglected for more than two hundred years”.
51. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Masaccio (Florence1401-1428) created masterpieces not only in Alfresco, a painting done on fresh,
wet plaster with water-based paints, but by using perspective.
52. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Compared to the flat figures of medieval and byzantine paintings , Masaccio’s have depth and
seemed to come alive.
53. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• The Medici family became the primary patrons of artists and architects.
54. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Florentine painters used and developed the new style in two major ways.
55. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Firstly, they used geometry to use better perspective and outdoor space and light.
56.
57.
58.
59. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Secondly, artists studied human motion and anatomy.
60. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• Secondly, artists studied human motion and anatomy.
61. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• These skills came together to portray idealized individual people.
62. NEW TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING
• While Giotto painted traditional Christian themes, Botticelli wove themes from Classical Greece
and Rome into his painting, which the humanists so admired.
78. SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
• The architect Filippo Brunelleschi was inspired by the buildings of classical Rome to create a new
architecture in Florence.
89. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio and his partner Lorenzo de Credi produced hundreds of paintings, sculptures, and finely
crafted items.
90. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
91. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
92. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
93. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
94. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
95. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
96. ARTIST SHOPS FLOURISH
• Verrocchio’s studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate
a weddings.
97. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Three great students of Bertoldo and Verrocchio stand as giants in art history; Leonard,
Michelangelo, and Raphael.
98. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo grew up in Verrocchio and De Credi’s collaborative shop, both who soon saw him as a
genius.
99. • Leonardo’s father had kicked him out of the family, most likely for being gay.
100. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo mastered the art of realistic painting, dissecting human bodies to better see how nature
worked.
101. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo mastered the art of realistic painting, dissecting human bodies to better see how nature
worked.
102. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• He created ideal forms using perspective, light and shadow.
103. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo’s career was cut short in Florence when Fra Bernadido began preaching against the
renaissance and sodomites (gays).
104. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo and his boyfriend Salai traveled throughout Italy…..
Portrait of Salai (Gian Giacomo Caprotti) as Saint Sebastian
105. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo and his boyfriend Salai traveled throughout Italy.
Salai as Bacchus
107. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Eventually settling in Milan.
108. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• In Milan, he produced his famous Last Supper and began a great equestrian statue of Ludovico il
Moro Duke of Milan.
109.
110. • Leonardo briefly returned to Florence as a challenge to settle rivalry with another young artist
Michelangelo. Both were to paint opposite walls of the same room….yet politics intervened and
neither finished the frescos.
111. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Leonardo and Sali joined King Francis II of France’s entourage as a military engineer inventor.
112. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• After the Italian War, Leonardo lived in Paris where he continued making advances in science,
mathematics, poetry, and the arts.
113. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
Upon his death, his Mono Lisa (most likely himself in drag) the one painting he would never be parted
with, ended up becoming the seminal piece of the French Kings art collection housed in the Louve.
114.
115. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Michelangelo grew up in the Medici garden, where the aged Bertoldo soon recognized his genius.
116. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Michelangelo sculpted his David for the Republic of Florence, brining him world renown.
117.
118. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Michelangelo brought the high renaissance to Rome, where he completed his Pieta.
119. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• In Rome, a number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most
famous in existence.
120. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• In Rome, a number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most
famous in existence.
121. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• In Rome, the warrior Pope Julius II coerced Michelangelo into painting Pope Sixus’ Chapel's ceiling.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Many years later, Michelangelo returned to the Sistine Chapel to paint the Last Judgment on the
alter wall.
128. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Michelangelo included himself in the painting, a slain sodomite soul, as his obsession with young
muscular men caused the artists deep depression and repression.
129. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• In Rome, his crowning achievement in architecture was the Dome of Saint Peters and the
Colonnade.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• He spent the remainder of his life composing love poetry to his numerous male crushes.
135. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• By 25, the sensual “Don Juan” Raphael had became famous throughout Italy for his paintings.
136. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Raphael’s Madonnas (paintings of the Virgin Mary) achieve an ideal of beauty far surpassing
human standards.
137. • Raphael 1483 -1520
• He moved to Rome, where he was the favorite painter to the Popes, and antagonized the
venerable Michelangelo.
138. • Raphael 1483 -1520
• He moved to Rome, where he was the favorite painter to the Popes, and antagonized the
venerable Michelangelo.
139. • Raphael 1483 -1520
• The young social Raphael found Michelangelo so depressing, Raphael nicknamed
Michelangelo “the hangman”.
140. MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
• Raphael 1483 -1520
• His School of Athens reveals a world of balance, harmony, and order—the underlying principles of the
art of the classical world of Greece and Rome.
141. • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering
women from myth and the Bible – victims, suicides, warriors
142. • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering
women from myth and the Bible – victims, suicides, warriors
143. • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering
women from myth and the Bible – victims, suicides, warriors
144. • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering
women from myth and the Bible – victims, suicides, warriors
145. • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering
women from myth and the Bible – victims, suicides, warriors
146. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• The renaissance quickly spread to the Netherlands along the trade routes from Milan.
147. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• With no space for frescos, northern artists painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for
altarpieces in Gothic Cathedrals.
148. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• In Flanders, the painter Jan van Eyck used oil paint, which use a wide variety of colors and create
fine details.
150. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Oil paint has a wider variety of colors and creates finer details.
151. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Oil paint has a wider variety of colors and creates finer details.
152.
153.
154. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Van Eyck imitated nature not by using perspective, but by simply observing reality and portraying
details as best he could.
155. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Albrecht Dürer studied in Florence and combined both schools.
156. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Albrecht Dürer (1471 –1528)
• He used Italian perspective and balance, while painting minuet details.
157. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Dürer tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty that was based on a careful examination of the
human form.
158.
159. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Dürer brought detail to famous wood print carvings, producing hundreds of masterpieces.
160.
161.
162.
163. THE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE
• Dürer brought detail to famous wood print carvings, producing hundreds of masterpieces.