Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering Definition: a technique used to transfer genes from one organism to another

Lesson Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How does genetic engineering work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Restriction enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Genetic Engineering Applications

Diabetes mellitus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Type 1 diabetes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Transferring the human insulin gene into bacteria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Industrial fermenter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Features of a fermenter used for aerobic processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Features of a fermenter used for aerobic processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Features of a fermenter used for aerobic processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Features of an industrial fermenter sparger sparger impeller

Human insulin production in large-scale fermenters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages of using insulin produced by genetic engineering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transgenic plants ,[object Object],[object Object]

e.g.Tobacco plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transferring genes within the same species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages and Risks of Genetic Engineering

Groupwork ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages of genetic engineering vs selective breeding Increases productivity and efficiency in the breeding of organisms (increases profitability); e.g transgenic salmon grow faster and require less food than ordinary salmon Less efficient e.g. organisms grow slowly and may require more food 4. Experiments with individual cells can reproduce rapidly in the laboratory in a small container (i) Slow process (as it involves breeding over several generations) (ii) requires large areas of land/space 3. Genes are carefully selected before transfer into an organism. This reduces the risk of genetic defects being passed on to the offspring Both healthy and defective genes may be transmitted to the offspring 2. Gene from any plant or animal can be inserted in non-related species or different species Plants and animals need to be closely related or belong to the same species 1. Genetic Engineering Selective breeding

Benefits of genetic engineering to society ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Production of crops that grow in extreme conditions (e.g. high salt environments) More affordable; more patients can get access to them and be treated e.g. human insulin Low-cost production of medicines Benefits to society Applications of genetic engineering

Benefits of genetic engineering to society Improved quality of foods e.g. 2 genes of daffodil and one gene from the bacterium Erwinia uredarora inserted into rice plants produce ‘Golden Rice’ rich in vit. A Development of foods designed to meet specific nutritional goals Use of costly pesticides that may damage the environment is reduced e.g. the Bt gene from a certain bacterium can be inserted into plants to produce a toxin that kills certain insect pests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Benefits to society Applications of genetic engineering

Social and Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Engineering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SHE 3

1) E nvironmental hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2) E conomic hazards ,[object Object],[object Object]

3) H ealth hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3) H ealth hazards ,[object Object],[object Object]

4) S ocial and E thical hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Would this any of these be a reality one day?

Can Jurassic Park become a reality than?

TYS Questions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering

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Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering