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1. * GB785578 (A)
Description: GB785578 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices of the beam
storage type
Description of GB785578 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Dateof Aplicatofn and filing 7 om SpecificationJ an 852568
Dae of Application an iig Complete Spcfcto a 2,1956.
I ' A l l I No 2743156.
Application made in United States of America on Feb 4, 1955.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 39 ( 1), D 4 (A 1: A 7: F 1 F: Fi G: F 1
J: G 4: K 4: K 5); C( 1 B: 2 B 1 2 B 3: 2 K: 5: 6).
International Classification: -GO 6 f H Olj.
and 106 ( 1), COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Electron Discharge Devices of the Beam
Storage Type We, WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, of 195,
Broadway, New York City, New York State, United States of America, a

2. corporation of the State of New York, United States of America, do
hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to electron discharge devices of the beam
storage type and more particularly to the reading and writing of
information in such devices.
One type of fast access short storage memory that has been employed in
recent memory or storage systems utilizes electron discharge devices
of the beam storage type and particularly of the type known as a
barrier-grid storage tube Such tubes are well known in the art, being
described, for example, in an article " Barrier-Grid Storage Tube and
its Operation" by A S Jensen, J P Smith, M H.
Mesner, and L E Flory, R C A Review IX, pp 112-135, March, 1948, and
in United States Patent Specification No 2,675,499.
In a barrier grid storage tube, a target, such as a dielectric sheet,
has a conductive electrode or back plate secured to one face thereof
An electron gun projects a concentrated electron stream against the
other face of the dielectric through a barrier grid which is
positioned directly adjacent this other face of the dielectric In the
operation of such a tube, the beam is deflected in two coordinate
directions; for example it may be repeatedly swept in one direction
and selectively deflected in the other direction or it may be turned
on and deflected to a particular spot on the dielectric surface if
completely random access is desired The operation of the device
involves, basically, two cycles, one store or write and the other
remove or read During the writing cycle the potential or charge of
elemental areas of the b amirr A dielectric surface is varied in
accordance vith an input signal, the charge change being dependent on
the signal at the time the beam impinges on the area During the
reading cycle, the charges upon these areas are removed by action of
the electron beam.
Fundamentally the charging and discharging of the elemental areas
above noted result from the emission of secondary electrons The flow
of secondary electron current can be detected in several ways and
provides an output indication of the stored information during the
reading cycle Generally the method of operation of the barrier grid
storage tube has been to read the signals stored on the target by
detecting variations in the current to a large collector electrode
placed in front of the oarrier grid and dielectric surface, the
current to the collector electrode being due to secondary electrons
released from the dielectric surface and passing through the barrier
grid.
Several major problems arise in this type of operation, however First,

3. the signal received at the collector is very small, not all of the
emitted secondaries being collected at the collector electrode
Secondly, and more serious, the fractional amount of such collection
is dependent on the position of origin in the storage array Thus there
are variations in the size of the signal at the collector as a
function of spot position on the dielectric surface independent of the
stored information This effect is called ">shading " Shading appears
as a decrease in magntiude of the reading signal as the spot
approaches the edge of the target and is caused mostly by decrease in
collector efficiency A third disadvantage in this type of operation is
that a number of secondary electrons are emitted whenever the beam is
striking the array, though temporarily greater or lesser amounts of
secondaries may appear during writing or reading operations The
equilibrium value of secondary electron current at the collector forms
a " pedestal " upon which the reading information is superimposed
Variations in the fractional collection of such secondary electrons
affect the " pedestral " also and consequently positive identification
of the type of information stored becomes more difficult.
785,578 By reading the stored information directly at the target
structure that is, by reading the signal caused by the secondary
electrons leaving the target instead of those arriving at fflhe
collector, the problem of collector efficiency and the variations in
fractional amounts of secondary electrons are obviated Further, this
not only eliminates shading almost entirtly but increases the
magnitude of the output signal as well However, it is also most
desirable to apply the writing signal directly to the target assembly
and thus in considering obtaining the reading signal from the target
assembly directly, it must be remembered that there are two signals
that differ by at least three orders of magnitude This means that an
amplifier connected to the target assembly for the purpose of
amplifying reading signals must not be badly jammed by the
considerably larger writing signals.
It has been proposed to apply the input signal to the barrier grid
directly and take the output signal from the back plate of the target
assembly, but with such an arrangement the writing and reading, i e,
the input and output circuits, are not eftectively isolated.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided an
electron discharge device comprising a back plate, a dielectric target
in contact with the back plate, an electrode positioned on the other
side of said dielectric target to said back plate an electron gun for
projecting a beam of electrons through said electrode and against said
dielectric target, and means including said electron gun for storing
information on said dielectric target, said last mentioned means
further including a coaxial line having its inner and outer conductors

4. individually connected to said back plate and said electrodeIn
accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided an
electron discharge device comprising a back plate, a dielectric target
mounted on said back plate, a shielding member encompassing said back
plate and dielectric target, an electron gun for projecting a stream
of electrons against said dielectric 'target, and imeans including
saidi electron gun for applying signals to said back plate to store
information on said dielectric target and for receiving information
from said dielectric target, said last mentioned means including a
first conductor connected to said back plate and a second conductor
connected to said shielding member, said conductors together defining
a coiled portion.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention there is provided
an electron discharge device comprising a back plate, a dielectric
target in contact with said back plate, an electrode positioned on the
other side of said dielectric target to said back plate, an electron
gun for projecting a stream of electrons through said electrode and
against said dielectric target and means including said electron gun
for storing information on said dielectric target and for receiving
stored information from said dielectric target, said lastmentioned
means including a first conductor connected to said back plate, a
second con 70 ductor adjacent said first conductor so as to be
electromagnetically coupled thereto and connected to said electrode a
source of writing sgnails connected between said inner and outer
conductors, and output means coupled 75 to said conductors for
receiving an output signal on flow of current in only one direction in
said conductors but no output signal on flow of current in opposite
directions in said conductors 80 In accordance with a still further
aspect of the invention there is provided an electron discharge device
comprising a back plate, a dielectric target in contact with said back
plate, a shielding member encompassing said back 85 plate and said
dielectric target, an electron gun for projecting a stream of
electrons against said target, and means including said electron gun
for storing information on said target and for receiving information
from said target, sa:,i 9 go last-mentioned means including a first
conductor connected to said back plate, a second conductor
electromagnetically coupled to said first condiuctor and connected to
said shielding memoer, a source of writing signals connected 95
between said conductors and an output circuit, the arrangement being
such that an output signal is prevented from being applied to said
output circuit on flow of writing current in both said conductors 100
In one specific embodiment oi the invention the writing signal is
applied directly to the back plate portion of the target assembly, as
is preferred, and the reading signal is taken directly from the target

5. assembly as a whole 105 In this specific embodiment, a coaxial line is
connected through the envelope of the tube so that its inner conductor
is connected to the back plate and its outer conductor is connected to
a shielding member encompassing the 110 target assembly, the barrier
grid being supported by the shielding member so that the outer
conductor is in effect connected to the barrier grid.
The coaxial line has a portion wound as an 115 inductor with the two
conductors having essentially equal inductances and a mutual
inductance between the two conductors equal to the self inductance of
either The input or writing signal is then applied between these 120
two conductors The charging cur-ent requisite for the capacitance
between the barrier grid and the back plate flows to the target along
the inner conductor and returns along the outer conductor so that the
two currents flow 125 ing in the two conductors effectively cancel
each other out in the coiled portion and induce no voltage across this
inductance However, when the information is being read, the surface of
the dielectric is being charged or dis 130 785,578 charged through
capacitances to both the barrier grid and back plate simultaneously so
that current flows in both conductors of the line in the same
direction This current produces an output signal voltage across the
coiled portion of the coaxial line which can be detected and uitilized
by an output circuit.
The storage tube may be of the barrier-grid type, described above, or
may be of the dielectric-island type, disclosed in our Patent
Specification No 701,010 In adielectric-island tube a plurality of
distinct small dielectric regions or islands are mounted on a back
plate In embodiments of this invention utilizing such devices, the
charging currents are the same as discussed above However, here the
condenser being discharged on reading of the stored information is
substantially solely between the dielectric and the back plate so that
the current flows almost solely in the inner conductor of the coaxial
line.
The reading signal may be detected directly across the coiled portion
of the coaxial line, as by an amplifier connected thereto, or may be
detected by an amplifier connected to a transformer winding
inductively coupled to the coiled portion Further the writing signal
is substantially prevented from appearing across the coiled portion of
the output line by completely shielding the back plate and dielectric
members of the target assembly, as by having the target assembly
effectively encompassed by the outer conductor of the coaxial line and
specifically by a shielding member connected to the outer conductor
and to which the barrier grid or field equalizing gid is attached.
In this manner, extraneous capacitances between target elements and
ground or collector, which may be at ground potential, are reduced or

6. inhibited thereby eliminating the charging current to these
capacitances, which current would not be equally balanced in the two
conductors of the coaxial line.
A complete understanding of this invention may be gained from
consideration of the following detailed description and the
accompanying drawing, in which:Fig 1 is a diagrammatic representation
of one specific illustrative embodiment of this invention; Fig 2 is a
simplified circuit schematic for the reading and writing circuits of
the embodiment of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a chart of currents and voltages for
various conditions during the operation of the embodiment of Fig 1;
and Fig 4 is a diagrammatic representation of another specific
illustrative embodiment of this invention utilizing a dielectric
island storage tube, only the target portion of the tube being shown.
Referring now to the drawing, Fig 1 depicts an illustrative embodiment
of this invention utilizing a barrier grid storage tube 10 As known in
the art, the tube 10 may advantageously comprise within an evacuated
envelope, such as glass, an electron gun including a cathode 11,
heater 12, and accelerating and focussing electrodes 13, 14, and 15,
defining an electron lens, deflection plates 16 and 17, a 70 collector
electrode 18, a shield 19, and a target assembly 20 The target
assembly 20 includes a back plate 22, dielectric sheet 23 and a
barrier grid 24, positioned directly in front of the dielectric sheet
23 The back plate 22 and 75 dielectric sheet 23 are enclosed within a
shielding member 26 to which the barrier grid is attached.
In storage tubes of this kind, information is stored by an
electrostatic charge on a discrete 80 zone or area of the surface of
the dielectric 23.
To place such a negative charge on the surface, the electron beam is
turned on while the back plate is temporarily raised to a positive
potential This temporarily raises the potential 85 of the front face
of the dielectric through capacitive action The electron beam then
charges this surface with negative electrons sufficiently to drop its
potential to that of the barrier grid which is the equilibrium
potential During the 90 charging operation, the secondary emission
electrons from the dielectric return to it and cannot escape When the
beam is turned elsewhere and the back plate potential returned to
normal, the charge remains, leaving the di 95 electric surface at a
negative potential.
In this embodiment of the invention the writing circuit, which applies
the positive writing potential to the back plate during the storage
operation just described, comprises a 100 coaxial line 28 having its
inner conductor 29 connected to the back plate 22 and its outer
conductor 30 connected to the shielding member 26 and thus to the
barrier grid 24 The coaxial line 28 has a portion 32 wound as an 105

7. inductor with the two conductors 29 and 30 having equal inductances at
this portion and a mutual inductance between them equal to the
self-inductance of either one A source 33 of input writing Signals is
connected between 110 the inner and outer conductors 29 and 30 of the
coaxial line 28.
When a writing signal is applied by the source 33, the current flows
along the inner conductor 29 to charge the internal capacitance 115
and returns via the outer conductor The coiled portion of the coaxial
line acts as, a non-inductive winding, and, ideally, in the absence of
beam current no voltage should appear between the 'barrier grid 24 and
120 ground.
The information thus stored in this spot or zone on the surface of the
dielectric 23 is subsequently read by returning the electron beam to
this spot The beam in striking the dielec 125 tric releases more
secondary electrons than there are primary electrons striking it and
these are repelled from the surface, causing the potential to rise to
that of the barrier grid.
The potential will not become more positive 130 785,578 than the
barrier grid through this type of action because the secondary
electrons in that case would return to the surface and fail to excape
At equilibrium, the dielectric surface releases as many electrons as
arrive and remains at the barrier grid potential.
It is thus apparent that when the information is being read out, the
surface of the dielectric is being discharged through capacitances
both to the barrier grid and the back plate simultaneously
Accordingly, current will flow in both the inner conductor 29 and the
outer conductor 30, in the same direction.
These currents produce a signal voltage across the coiled portion 32
of the coaxial line 28 which can be read by an output circuit In this
specific embodiment, a resistance 34 is connected in shunt across the
coiled portion 32 and an output amplifier 35 is connected across the
resistance 34 and the coiled portion 32.
Thus, application of the writing signal alone to the back plate
ideally will induce no signal into the reading amplifier However, the
electron beam will affect the reading amplifier by applying current to
the storage target as a whole The net current to the target will be
the difference betwen the impinging beam current and the escaping
secondary electron current Any change in this net current will cause a
signal to appear and be amplified Whenever the dielectric surface is
being charged or discharged, whether in reading or writing, there will
be a deficiency or excess of secondary electron current escaping from
the target; the detection and interpretation of these current changes
constitutes the reading operation.
A schematic diagram of the reading and writing circuits of the

8. embodiment of Fig 1 is shown in Fig 2 In this schematic diagram each
conductor of the coiled portion 32 has an inductance L and a mutual
inductance M, advantageously equal to L Inner conductor 29 connects
one inductance to the back plate, which is represented by the point
36, and outer conductor 30 connects the other inductance to the
barrier grid, which is represented by the point 37 Capacitance CQ,
which is the barrier grid to back plate capacitance, is connected
between points 36 and 37 C 2 is the barrier grid to ground
capacitance, which is relatively large, and C is the back plate to
ground capacitance, which is very small due to the shielding action of
the shielding member 26 and the construction of the target assembly R
is the equivalent resistance of the outer conductor of the coaxial
line 28 and is also very small.
Connected between the two inductors is the writing signal source 33
The output amplifier 35 is connected across the load resistor 34
between the barrier grid and ground During the charging of the
capacitor C, ideally current flows from the source 33 through the
input inductor L to the capacitor and then all the current returns to
the source 33 through inductor L; as mentioned below, not all the
current does return and there is a slight unbalance of current in the
two inductors.
When the beam returns to the charged spot 70 on the dielectric to read
out the information stored at that spot, the charge on the dielectric
is removed and current flows to ground through both the input and
output conductors of the coaxial line We can therefore consider 75
that there is a current generator 40 connected to a point 43
representing the dielectric surface which is connected by a first
capacitance 41, representing the dielectric surface back plate
capacitance, to the back plate and by a 80 second capacitance 42,
representing the dielectric surface to barrier grid capacitance, to
the barrier grid The reading signal source is thus an assumed source
of current that is actually the difference between the ptimary 85 and
secondary electron currents at the dielectric surface As this source
and its current path are not actually present, but only assumed, the
source has been indicated as connected in the circuit by dotted lines
90 The coiled portion 32 may advantageously be attained by coiling a
coaxial cable, using the outer and inner conductors as the two selt
inductances of an air core coil However, as depicted in Fig 2, a
magnetic core may also 95 be employed rhus in one specific embodiment
the coiled portion 32 comprises a wire positioned within a copper
tubing wound on a ferrite ferromagnetic core.
From the above discussion it is apparent 100 that, when the beam is
turned on suddenly at a particular spot on the dielectric 23, there
are four possible conditions to consider These conditions are: Case 1:

9. No charge previously stored and 105 no writing voltage applied; Case
2: No charge previously stored and writing voltage applied; Case 3:
Negative charge previously stored and no writing voltage applied; and
110 Case 4: Negative charge previously stored and writing voltage
applied.
In Fig 3 the character of the current to and from the storage aw ay
for each of these cases is shown as a function of time for a pulse 115
of sufficient duration to achieve equilibrium.
Also shown are the forms of the voltage pulses generated in the
reading circuit In Case 1 only the equilibrium number of secondary
electrons leave the surface In Case 2 writing 120 of information on
the spot is to occur and there is a temporary deficiency in the number
of secondary electrons while the charging operation takes place with a
gradual return to the equilibrium value In Case 3 reading of 125 the
information previously stored is to occur and an excess number of
secondary electrons is produced while the surface is discharged,
followed by a gradual return to normal There is also a net current
which, as described above, 130 785,578 flows inductively in the coiled
portion 32 thereby inducing the output signal voltage In Case 4 the
current is at an equilibrium value as in Case 1 because the positive
writing pulse alone should return the negatively charged surface to
the potential of the barrier grid.
The writing signals applied to the target array are of the order of
several tens of volts while the reading signals received by the
amplifier 35 are of the order of a few millivolts; the reading signals
may then of course be amplified to any desired level In the
arrangement described, the application of the very large writing
signals does not interfere with the operation of the sensitive
amplifier connected to the reading circuit Ideally, as discussed
above, there should be no signal at all across the coiled portion 32
on application of the writing signal However, in effect a very small
signal is induced due to unbalance in the currents flowing in the
inner and outer conductors This unbalance is, in part, caused by other
capacitances within the tube It is therefore desirable that the back
plate and dielectric be substantially entirely shielded from the rest
of the tube Accordingly, in the embodiment of the invention depicted
in Fig.
1, the shield member 26, which is an extension of the outer conductor
30, completely encompasses these elements.
However, there is a very small direct capacitance between the back
plate and the other elements in the tube, specifically the shield 19
and collector 18, through the holes in the barrier grid The sheld 19
is advantageously grounded and the collector 18 may be connected
directly to ground, as by being connected to the shield 19, or be

10. connected to ground through a resistance, as shown in Fig 1 This
capacitance can be considered, therefore, as a back plate-to-ground
capacitance, and is the capacitance C, in Fig 2.
Accordingly, not quite all the charging current due to a writing
signal in the inner conductor 29 returns through the outer conductor
30; some very small fraction appears as displacement current througi
the holes in the barrier grid to ground A; second effect which
prevents the perfect current balance desired is caused by the finite
resistance of the outer conductor of the line The charging current
will therefore induce a slight voltage between the barrier grid and
ground This voltage, however, can be kept quite small, well below the
magnitude of the reading output signals, so that discrimination
between the two types of induced signals is not difficult.
The resistance of the outer conductor 30 is shown as resistor R in the
schematic diagram of Fig 2 To reduce the value of this resistance, it
may be desirable to employ a hollow copper tubing, having a relatively
thick wall, as the outer conductor 30.
If it is desired further to eliminate the small residual error signal
due to the writing signal applied to the target assembly, various
types of cancellation schemes can be utilized One such scheme is
indicated in Fig 2 wherein a cancelling pulse generator 45 is operated
by the writing pulse source 33 to apply a cancel 70 ling pulse of
proper sign and magnitude.
directly to the reading amplifier 35, as directly across the load
resistor 34 to cancel out the residual error signal appearing at that
resistor due to the imbalance of current flow in the 75 two conductors
of the coaxial line.
In Fig 4 there is shown another specific illustrative embodiment of
this invention wherein the storage tube comprises a dielectric island
tube of the type disclosed in our said 80 Patent Specification No
701,010 In the embodiment of Fig 4, the target array comprises a back
plate 50 on the front surface of which are located small spots or
islands 51 of dielectric material A field equalizing grid 52 85 is
positioned in front of dielectric islands 51 and between it and the
remainder of the tube, which may be as depicted in Fig 1; grid 52 is
supported by the shield member 26 encompassing the target array 90 In
this specific embodiment the output amplifier 35 is not directly
connected across the coiled portion 32 but is coupled thereto by an
inductive winding 55, whereby transformer coupling is attained with an
increase 95 in signal strength over the direct coupling method of Fig
1.
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* GB785579 (A)
Description: GB785579 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Device for providing reproducible mechanical motions
Description of GB785579 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
US2867701 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785 t 579 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb
6, 1956.
No 3607156.
D Application made in United States of America on Feb 15, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at icceptance:-Classes 38 ( 5), Bl E, B 2 (A 5 A 1: A 9 X C 6 C
2); and 108 ( 3), 58 M 2 A.
International Classification:-FO 6 f H Olh.
COMPLETE Si PECIFICATION Device for providing Reproducible Mechanical
Motions We, CLEVITE CORPORATION, a corporation organized under the

12. laws of the State of Ohio,
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785580 (A)
Description: GB785580 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in and relating to screw connection members with wire coil
threads
Description of GB785580 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1072844 (B) FR1146195 (A) US2780265 (A)
DE1072844 (B) FR1146195 (A) US2780265 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785580 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 7,
1956.
No 3739/56.
B E A D 'Application made in United States of America on Feb 28, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

13. Index at acceptance:-Class 89 ( 1), A( 1 A: 2 83: 6).
International Classification:-FO 6 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to Screw Connection Members with Wire
Coil Threads We, HE Li-COIL CORPORATIONof Shelter Rock Lane, Danbury,
Connecticut, United States of America, a corporation duly organizedi
under the laws of the State of Delaware, j' United States of America,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray, that a patent may
lbe granted to us, and the method by which it is to 'be performed, to
be particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention is concerned with improvements in and relating to screw
connection members, wherein the member consists of a body to which a
wire coil is held so as to provide the body with a screw thread for
lengagement by a mating threaded member.
A principal object of the invention is the production of such a screw
connection member in which the 'body is of ductile material and more
especially of thermo-plastic such as can be die moulded, and in which
the coil is applied and secured to the body as a final operation to
form an internal thread in a hole which-can 'be through or blind or to
form an external thread land wherein such threads can be made
self-locking if so desired.
It has, already been proposed: to provide a nut barrel of a metallic
material with a wire coil thread of which at least a complete itop
convolution projects above the barrel, with convolution is then
deformed in order to secure the coil from being unscrewed from the
barrel.
However, besides the difficulty of preventing undesirable movement of
the coil in the barrel in this form of construction', the method is
not applicable where the nut barrel or other screw thread member is of
a softer material, in which case it requires, as an additional
operation, the threading of the member itself to which the coil is to
be applied In another well-known constructional form, a nut is made by
first preparing a cylindrical barrel with a lower inner flange which
is stood the lower end of a wire coil to form the thread The top rim
of the barrel is then turned over inwardly in such a way that the coil
is left lPrice 3 s 6 d l pace 4 S a certain freedom to move axially
within the barrel Such movability is however particularly
objectionable in nuts made from a plastic ' in which it is a frequent
cause of failure Furthermore, this known form' of nut requires a coil
of special cross-section wire, whereas it is desirable to be able to
use the standard type of insert in which the coil forms an inner and
outer thread It is also to be noted that none of the well known
methods of construction are adapted to provide an external hard screw
thread on a body of ductile material.

14. In a screw connection member in accordance with the present invention
designed to satisfy these various requirements, the body of ductile
material has a surface originally unthreaded and either cylindrical
throughout or partly or wholly tapering, to which the coil, which is
shorter than this surface and has inner and outer screw thread parts,
is coaxially applied so as to engage said body surface with one of
said screw thread parts throughout the length of the coil, said
ductile material being compressed and thereby caused to flow about one
of the screw thread parts of 'the convolution at one end at least of
the coil, whilst leaving the screw thread part of the latter opposite
that which engages said 'body surface free throughout at least the
major length of the coil to receive the mating member The compressed
ductile material may be thus caused to cover the one screw thread part
of said end convolution and to project also between at least that
convolution and) the next adjacent one Where the body surface referred
to is the wall of -a through hole in the body, the coil may have an
outer diameter to fit within said hole, and may be inserted so as to
be spaced inwardly from the ends of the latter, the compressed ductile
material being caused to flow about the outer screw thread parts of
the convolution or convolutions at both ends of the coil In such a
case one end of said' hole and' the corresponding end of the coil may
be reduced in diameter and the material be caused to flow about the
outer screw thread; part of the reduced end convolution or
convolutions.
Where the body surface referred to is the wall of a blind' hole, this
may have a raised bottom portion of a smaller diameter than the hole
and the coil may have an outer diameter to fit within said hole, and
be inserted to bear with one of its ends on the bottom of the latter
between said raised portion and, said wall and with its other end
spaced inwardly from the open end of the hole, the ductile material of
this raised bottom portion being compressed and, thereby caused to
flow about the inner screw thread part of the lowermost convolution or
convolutions of the coil and the ductile material adjacent said open
end, of the hole also compressed and thereby caused to flow about the
outer screw thread part of the topmost convolution of convolutions In
this case said hole may taper towards its bottom' and' the coil be
tapered correspondingly.
Alternatively the body surface referred to may be the outer wall of a
projection from a shoulder of the body and the coil may have an inner
diameter to fit over this surface and be shorter than said projection
and positioned on the bottom with one end bearing against said
shoulder, the projection being compressed to cause the ductile
material at its free end to flow about the inner screw thread part of
the adjacent end convolution or convolutions of the coil.

15. The invention also provides methods of forming screw connection
members as thus defined by use of suitable tools as hereinafter set
forth.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, which show several typical embodiments thereof
by way of example In these drawings: Figure 1 is a cross-section of a
first embodiment in which the ductile body has a cylinrical through
hole on whose axis the section is, taken; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic
view, partly in axial cross-section, of the tools used for securing
the wire coil within the 'hole of this first embodiment; Figure 3 is a
view of the same embodiment, as seen in Figure 1, but with the coil in
elevation and also showing the operative parts of the tools seen in
Figure 2 applied in their final relative positions.
Figure 4 is a cross-section, again similar to that of Figure 1, of a
second embodiment in which the ductile body has a cylindrical blind
hole, Figures 4 a, 4 b and, 4 c showing a series of body blanks also
in cross-section for this embodiment, which differs as regards the
varying form which the raised body portion in the 'bottom of 'the
'hole may take initially; Figure 5 ' is a cross-sectional view showing
the tools used for producing this second embodiment applied -in their
final relative positions; Figure 6 is a similar view to Figure 3 of a
third embodiment, in which the coil within 70 the through hole is
tapered to form a selflocking thread and showing the modification of
the tools which this involves; Figure 7 is a similar cross-section of
a fourth embodiment with a blind hole which 75 is tapered and a
correspondingly tapering coil, again for the purpose of making the
thread self-locking and showing the required' modification of the
tools, in this case those seen in Figure 5; whilst 80 Figure 8 is a
similar cross-section of a fifth embodiment, in which the coil is
applied externally onto a projection of the ductile body and once
again showing appropriate tools itpplied in their final positions 85
Referring firstly to Figure 1, the body portion 10 'here shown is
formed with a hole 11 having a cylindrical inner surface wall 12
originally extending throughout the length of the hole to the open
ends 13 and 14 thereof 90 with a uniform diameter, into which hole a
wire coil 15 of corresponding outer diameter is inserted The wire of
which this coil consists is of such section as to form outer and inner
screw-thread parts, denoted 16 and'17 95 respectively The wire may
thus be of diamond-shaped section as shown or of any other suitable
cross-section The coil' is somewhat shorter in length than the hole
11, so that its ends are spaced inwardly from the 100 respective open'
ends 13 ' and 14 of the latter, the faces 18 and 19 of the extremities
of the wire preferably lying in planes parallel to the axis a-a of the
hole In zones adjacent said open ends of the hole, the ductile

16. material 105 of the body is then compressed in the axial direction to
form annular grooves 20 and; 21 and to cause the material which is
thus displaced to flow at 22 and 23 around the end convolutions and
over at least part of the end 110 faces 18 and 19 of the coil wire
However, the displacement of the material is such that the inner
thread' parts 1 7 are not affected and can therefore form the internal
thread for the mating member The material at 22 and 23 115 serves both
to prevent any axial movement of the coil and also by engagement of
said faces 18 and, 19 to prevent the coil from turning.
In order to apply the coil to the body, the tools shown in Figures 2
and 3 may be used, 120 comprising an upper stake 30 and a lower stake
31 Both these stakes have annular end rims 32 and 33 with inner
conical faces 34 and 35, by which rims the aforementioned grooves 20
and 21 are produced They also 125 have axial bores 36 and 37 in which
compressor members 38 and 3 9 respectively are capable of limited
longitudinal movement, the member 38 bearing against a spring 49 at
the bottom of the bore 36 This spring is heavy 130 785,5,80 stake 60
and is axially movable in the upper stake 6 '5 against a spring 66
corresponding to spring 49, the lower face 6 '7 of this' sleeve being
formed helically to engage the top of the coil as described in
connection with compressor members 38 ' and 39 Similarly the upper
stake has a lower rim 688 'corresponding with those 32 and, 331 of
stakes 30 and 31.
The raised bottom portion may originally have any one of a variety, of
suitable forms of which some examples are shown in Figures 4 a, 4 b
and 4 c Thus in Figure 4 a the portion 53 a of the hole 51 is
approximately cylindrical with a rather 'deep indentation 62 a; and in
Figure 4 'b the portion 53 b is somewhat tapered and has a shallow
dent '62 b; whilst in Figure 4 c the portion 53 c is' dome-shaped
without an indentation It will be understood that the stake end '61
requires to be so formed in correspondence with these shapes as to
urge the material of said portion outwardly and around the inner
thread part of the lower coil end, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
If a locking effect is desired, one end of the coil, approximately as
much as one convolution, may be reduced in diameter Figure 6 shows
such a locking coil 70 with an end convolution 71 reduced in this way,
secured within the through hole 72 of the body 73 and adapted for
engagement with a bolt (not shown,) screwed in from the opposite end
of the coil to said, reduced convolution For thus securing this form
of coil in the hole, tools are applied comprising stakes 74 and 75
similar to those 30 and 31 of Figure 2 In this case the upper
compressor 7 '6 is however of somewhat smaller diameter than the lower
one 77 to correspond with the reduction in size of convolution i 71
Interiorly of these compressors, a guide 7 '8 isi provided which has a

17. major diameter section 79 to fit the interior of the main cylindrical
part of the coil and a tapering section 80 to fit within convolution
71 Figure '6 shows besides how the ductile material is caused to
project between the 'outer thread parts of the end convolution 71 of
the coil of at least the next adjacent one In the embodiment of Figure
7, a coil 81 tapering towards its lower end 82 is shown inserted
within the hole 83, which is here generally tapered at 84 around the
raised bottom portion 8 '5 The lower stake 86 in this case has a
conical bottom section '87 corresponding to and for the same purpose
as section 63 i in Figure 5, and another more gently tapering section'
8 '8 to correspond with the general taper of the hole.
In the Figure 8 construction, the body, 90 has a cylindrical
projection 91 from a shoulder 92 thereof and is somewhat longer than
the coil 93; placed around said projection The lower end of the coil
be'ars against said shoulder, which is therefore preferably made
correspondingly helical in form to engage therewith, The coil may be
secured to said projection enough to compress the convolutions of the
coil, but is adapted then to collapse to an extent dependent on the
length of the coil, variations in which are bound to occur in
manufacture The compressor members both have helical end faces 40 and
41 shouldered respectively at 42 and 43 for engagement against the
inner screw thread' parts of the end convolutions of the coil and the
corresponding parts of the end faces 18 and 19 of the wire, thus
leaving the outer coil parts free for envelopment by the ductile
material The compressor 39 has an axial extension 44 for engagement
with the bore 45 of the compressor 318 in order to ensure co-axiality
of the parts and to prevent radial collapse of the coil during the
staking operation Figure 3 shows' clearly how the tools are applied to
the coil 15 after insertion in the hole 11 and how the compressors
hold its convolutions close together while the rims 32; and 33 ' cause
material of the engaged zones to flow around the end convolutions in
the manner already explained, when the stakes 30 and 31 are urged
towards one another axially By thus having the one compressor only
spring loaded, it is ensured that the force of compression applied to
the stakes is transmitted to the ductile material rather than to the
'coil.
in the embodiment of Figure 4, in which the body 50 is provided with a
blind hole 51, the latter has an inner cylindrical surface wall 52 and
a raised bottom portion 53, the original diameter of which is so much
less than that of this wail that the coil 54, which is similar to coil
15 of Figure 1, can be inserted with its lower end between said wall
and said raised bottom portion The coil is shorter than the hole 51 so
that, when thus positioned, its top end 55 ' is spaced inwardly from
the epen end 56 of the hole, In the zone adjacent this open end the

18. ductile body material is caused to flow at 57 around the top
convolution of the coil substantially as already described with
reference to Figures 1 to 3 ' However, at the other end, tle material
of the raised 'bottom portion 53 is urged outwardly after the
insertion of the coil so as to be caused to flow at 518 around the
inner screw thread part of the lowest coil convolution The securing of
the coil can 'be effected by the tools as shown applied thereto in
Figure These tools comprise a modified form of lower stake 60 with a
reduced end 61, adapted to engage an indentation '62 which is
preferably provided on the raised bottom portion 53, and a short
conical section 63 ' between this end and the main part of the stake
which is of uniform diameter to fit within the coil.
When this lower stake is pressed' downwardly together with the upper
stake 65, the end 61 deepens, the indentation 62 and the conical
section 63 urges the material of the bottom portion 53 outwardly as
required A compressor sleeve 64 for the coil surrounds 785,580 by
means of a retaining die 94, which is so formed and applied that it
encloses at least part of the body together with the coil and the end
face 95 of the projection By driving a mandrel or punch 96 through a
coaxial bore 97 of said projection, which bore is originally of
smaller diameter than said mandrel, the ductile material of the
projection is caused, to flow both between the inner thread; parts of
the convolutions, as for instance at 98, and simultaneously around the
corresponding part of the end convolution at 99.
It will of course be understood that the tools shown in Figures 3, 5,
6, 7 and 8 are removed once the coils have been secured in position.
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* GB785581 (A)
Description: GB785581 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in and relating to resistance welding machines

19. Description of GB785581 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785581 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 20,
1956.
No 5154/56.
Application made in Switzerland on Feb 21, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 83 ( 4), R( 2: 4: 1 Q), International Clia
i icgtion,3-B 23 k.
COMPLETE SPECIFIGATION Improvements in and relating to Resistance
Welding Machines We, H A i SCHLATTER A G, a body corporate organised
and existing under the laws of Switzerland, of Seestrasse '121,
Zollikon, Zurich, Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to 'be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
In resistance welding machines the work pieces must be kept during the
welding operation under high pressure (the so-called welding pressure)
by the electrodes For this purpose at least one of the two welding
electrodes is made movable, and this electrode is further equipped
with a mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic feed action To enable the
work pieces to be conveniently inserted between the electrodes, such
feed action must have a considerable length of stroke or travel; but
the high welding pressure obviously only requires to be applied (after
the work pieces have been loosely gripped) over the last, short part
of the feed stroke during which pressure contact is attained and the
work pieces become deformed during the welding process Therefore it is
usual to resolve the length of this feed stroke into two stages that
are performed with different amounts of force or power For instance,
if a toggle mechanism is used for the movable electrode, the advance
during the second part of the feed stroke is performed with greater
force but at a lower speed than the advance during the first part, In
present day practice, however, pneumatic drives are used in, order to
save space; but with these it was not possible heretofore to perform
the last part of the stroke with sufficient force or at a sufficiently
low speed; on the contrary, the electrodes were pressed together for
performing the welding operation too quickly.
The present invention relates to a welding machine w Ith pneumatically
operated twostage feed action, the first stage of which (the setting
stroke) is performed by direct, pneumatic drive and consequently with
low power and relatively high speed, and the second stage of which

20. (the welding stroke) employs a lprice hydraulic press as an
intermediate link, thus obtaining a slow advance motion with great
power or pressure The pressure rise takes 50 place very rapidly,, as
soon as the electrodes and the work pieces are in positive contact.
In the welding machine of the invention the movable electrode is
mechanically linked with;a hydraulic ram (henceforth called the 55
"main ramn") This main ram receives the mechanically transmitted
pressure of a strokelimited pneumatically operated " auxiliary ramn "
which propels the main ram during the first step of the feed action,
the " setting 60 stroke " The cylinder of the hydraulic main ram
(henceforth called the main cylinder") is, during the first stage of
the feed action, in communication through a passageway with a' liquid
container from which liquid enters 65 into ithe hydraulic space of the
main cylinder during said setting stroke Furthermore, the hydraulic
space of the main cylinder is in communication with a "displacement
chamber" which is also filled with liquid and 70 wherein is movably
arranged a pneumaticallyactuated displacement plunger " Before or at
the beginning of the action of this plunger, the aforesaid passageway
is closed and thereupon the plunger presses the liquid contained 75 in
the displacement chamber into the hydraulic space of the main cylinder
thereby actuating the main ram to perform the " welding stroke " The
mechanical transmission of the force 80 from the auxiliary ram to the
main ram can for instance be effected by 'a system of levers or by a
rod secured to the auxiliary ram A particularly compact arrangement is
obtained if the smaller bored auxiliary cylinder is 85 arranged in la
staggered, axially parallel relation to the main ram and the auxiliary
ram connected to a rod passing in airtight manner through the bottom
of the auxiliary cylinder in a direction parallel to the axis of the
90 main cylinder and pressing on the main ram in the raised position
of the electrode The stroke of the auxiliary ram is most suitably
adjusted by a movably adjustable end stop.
The passageway through which the main cylinder communicates during the
first stage of the feed action with the werking fluid container may be
provided with a mechanically, electrically or pneumatically actuated
control valve closing before initiation of the second stage of the
feed action Most simply however this opening is made in the form of a
cylindrical port located in the path of the displacemenit plunger;
this displacement plunger then itself closes said port before applying
the hydraulic pressure to the main ram.
The invention will be fully understood from the following detailed
description and the accompanying drawing which shows one embodiment by
way of example.
Flig 1 represents a diagrammatic vertical section through the clamping
electrode head of the machine; Fig 2 depicts a motion diagram of the

21. movable electrode.
The movable electrode 1 in the clamping head shown is moved downwards
in the direction of the arrow and forced towards the counter electrode
2 supporting the work pieces 3, with the necessary welding pressure
The electrode 1 is held in a chuck 4 to which a current feeder 5 is
attached, and a plunger 6 rigid with the chuck is guided in a bush 7
held in a casting 8 which forms a part of the machine housing The
upper, reduced part of the plunger 6 carries the aforesaid main ram 9
which slides in a wide, cylindrical bore of the casting 8 The chamber
of this main cylinder situated above the main ram 9 is designated 10
and is assumed to be filled with a hydraulic working fluid (e g oil)
The cylinder chamber 11 situated below the ram 9 is connected with a
compressed air pipe 12.
A separate auxiliary cylinder 13 is fitted above the main cylinder 10,
11 and contains the aforesaid auxiliary ram 14 The cylinder space
above the auxiliary ram 14 is connected through a pipe 15 and a
solenoid operated valve 16 with a compressed air pipe 12 a The lower
end of the rod 17 of the auxiliary ram 14 rests on the head of -the
plunger 6; the upper end of the rod 17 projects through the cylinder
cover 118 and carries a handwheel 19.
This handwheel acts in conjunction with an annular shoulder 20 on the
cylinder cover 18 as an adjustable limiting stop for the downstroke of
the auxiliary ram 14 Shortly before the handwheel 19 makes contact
with the annular shoulder 20, it closes a safety contact 21.
The chamber 10 of the main cylinder communicates with a lateral
cylindrical bore 22 which is closed on the left by a screw plug 23
This bore contains on the right a displacement plunger 24 This
displacement plunger 24 is pneumatically actuated by an appreciably
larger piston 25 In the rest position shown, the piston 25 is forced
to the extreme right by the pressure of a spring 26.
The compressed air chamber 27 of the driving piston 25 communicates
through a pipe 28 and a solenoid operated valve 29 with the compressed
air pipe 12 a.
Above the displacement cylinder 22 is an 70 oil tank 30 which is
vented through a drilled cap 31 This 'oil tank communicates with the
displacement cylinder 22 through a cylinder port 32 located
immediately next to the end position of the displacement plunger 24 75
The machine is controlled in known manner by a treadle lever 33
actuating the contacts of the electric control circuits This treadle
is shown diagrammatically on the right of Fig.
1 When actuated, the treadle first closes a 80 contact 34 which
applies a voltage U to open the valve 16 It next closes a contact 35
which applies a voltage U to open the valve 29 if the safety contact
21 has been closed For the release of the compressed air to allow the

22. 85 return of the ram 14 and the piston 25 each of the two cylinder
spaces 13, 27 can be provided with an additional solenoid operated
valve In Fig 1, for the sake of simplicity, two vents 36, 3 i 7 are
shown fulfilling this pur 90 pose and having such a small size that
their presence does not substantially affect the pressure exerted on
the rams 14, 25 by the pressure air when the valves 16, 29 are open.
The diagram in Fig 2 shows the path " S " 95 of the motion of the
electrode 1, against the time C" It is assumed that at the time t, the
contact 34 is closed to move the electrode 1 in stage 0-I and remains
closed from time t, to t and at the time t the contact 35 100 is
closed to move the electrode in the welding stage II-III; and also,
that at the time t, after completion of the weld, the contact 35 is
opened to move the electrode 1 through stage III-IV and at the time t,
the contact 105 34 is again open to return the electrode 1 to the
initial position.
-In the rest position, the main ram 9 is held in its uppermost
position by compressed aii entering through the pipe 112, the collar 4
a 110 on the chuck 4 making contact with the bush 7 Oil originally
contained in the upper space of the main cylinder has been forced
through the cylinder port 32 back into the oil itank 30 The auxiliary
ram 14, relieved 115 of pressure, is in its top position In this
posiiion of the electrode 1, the work pieces can conveniently be
inserted in the electrode gap and adjusted there.
When now, by operating the treadle 33, the 120 contact 34 is closed,
the solenoid operated valve 16 is opened and compressed air entering
above the auxiliary ram 14 presses this ram downwards; simultaneously,
the rod 17 also moves the main ram 9 and the electrode 1 125 downwards
in stage O-I Fig 2 This pneumatically effected motion, however, is
damped by the braking effect of the narrow passageway 32 through which
oil is sucked from the container 30 into the hydraulic space of the
130 i 7,85,581 785,5181 cylinder 10 Said flow of oil however is
stopped as soon as the handwheel 19 has made contact with the shoulder
20, thus arresting the motion of the auxiliary ram 14 By suitably
adjusting the handwheel 19, it is thus possible to set the stroke " S
" of the first feed action stage t 0-t, (Fig 2), to any desired length
This length of stroke is suitably so selected that when the electrode
1 is at the end of this portion of its travel, it is about 0.5-1 mm
above the work-pieces 3, or just makes contact with them.
When, at time t 2, the treadle 33 is further depressed to close the
contact 35, the safety i 5 contact 21 in series therewith is already
closed and the solenoid operated valve 2,9 consequently opens
immediately Consequently, the chamber 27 becomes charged with
compressed air which forces the piston 25 against the aotion of the
spring 26 to the left This causes the displacement plunger 24 attached

23. to the piston 25 firstly, to close the cylinder port 32 and next so
compress the fluid in the upper space 10 of the main, cylinder Owing
to this, the main ram 9; with the plunger 6 and the electrode 1 moves
down hard into contact with the workpieces 3 Immediately this contact
has taken place, the pressure exerted by the main ram 9 on the
electrode 1 rises to a very high value; this is due on the one hand to
the air pressure existing in the chamber 27 and acting on the
displacement plunger 24, and on the other hand-according to the
principle of the hydraulic press-,to the ratio of the crosssectional
areas of the displacement plunger 24 and the main ram 9.
When the welding operation has been completed, the operator first
opens the contact 35, whereupon the valve 29 closes and the spring 2,6
presses the piston 25 against the falling pressure of the exhausting
air, again to the right This allows the main ram 9 with the electrode
1 to rise under pressure of air from the pipe 12 until the head of the
plunger 6 again makes contact with the rod 17 of the auxiliary ram 14
'(stage III-IV of the feed action, see Fig 2) If the contact 34 is
also now opened, the valve 16 closes and' the air pressure above the
auxiliary ram 14 sinks to zero, The compressed air entering underneath
the main ram 9 from the pipe 12 now raises both rams again until the
collar 4 a makes contact with the bush 7 The machine is now ready for
the next welding operation.
As will be seen, the hydraulic action of the main ram' 9 acts only as
an 'intermediate link for obtaining a shock free, very, shont stroke
with a high end pressure The actual working fluid for all motions is
ordinary compressed air It will further be seen that an exceedingly
compact and space saving arrangement lof the mechanism is obtained,
the bulk of which can be further reduced by moving the cylinder of the
auxiliary ram '14 to the left away from the axis of the main cylinder
10, 11.
The return stroke of the piston 25 can, be performed by compressed air
instead of by a spring, the air being admitted,to the cylinder space
to the left of the piston 25, as soon as the valve 29 closes It is
even more suitable 70 to provide a separate return piston for this
purpose, in order that the cylinder space to the left of the piston 25
shall always remain free from pressure.
In practice it is not always necessary to 75 raise the electrode 1
completely after each welding stroke, It is, for instance, sufficient
in the case of so-called' "'spot seam welds" ( stitch welds ") to
raise the electrode 1 between welding strokes only by about 1-2 80 mm
in 'order to be able to move the work forward in the direction of the
seam Contact 34 then remains continuously closed (i e the magnetic
valve 16 is continuously open) and the individual (spot) welds are
made only by 85 the action of the piston plunger assembly 2,5, 24

24. controlled by the contact 35, In such case it is possible by suitably
adjusting the hand" wheel 19 to set the fixed stroke of the auxiliary
ram 14, and, hence the action of the 90 main ram 9 at any desired
value.
The spot welding electrode shown can, of course, in making seam welds,
be replaced by any, convenient, known form of contact roller.
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* GB785582 (A)
Description: GB785582 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Strip aligning device
Description of GB785582 (A)
COMPLETE SPEGIFICATION
Strip Aligning Device
We, THE GOODVEAR TIRE l & RUBBER
COMPANY, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Ohio,
UnitearL States of
America, with offices at 1144 East Market
Street, Akron, Ohio, United States. of America,
do hereby jdecllare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in. and by the
following statement:
This invention relates to a strip or web
aligning apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus for
depositing a continuousi length
of strip material such as extruded unvulcanized rubber or rubberized
fabric on a moving surface in a predetermined position prepara

25. tory to subsequent operations. thereon.
In the manufacture of rubber products, many steps are taken in
preparing the component parts that go into the ifinished products. In
numerous instances, the material is in
strip or web form at some stage of the preparation. The strips ior
webs of material are
dlifficuLr to handle because of lack of rigidity
and the ease with which they may be distorted.
As a result, the usual aligning mechanisms
will not function satisfactorily in depositing
strips of this material on a moving surface
because the forces. are applied to the strip in
localized areas rather than disitr,ibut!ed over a substantiail portion
thereof.
A particularly difficult strip to handle is a continuous strip of
unvulcanised extruded tread stock for tires as it is not of uniform
cross section across its width and due to the nature of the material,
the known aligning
mechanisms are not applicable for use with unvulcanized rubiber tread
stock. The thin edge portions of the tread stock will be distorted
when it is drawn over rolls or fed over and
under bars to align the strip. It is imperative
that the tread be free from distortion when it
is applied to the carcass. To prevent such
distortion, a substantial; portion of the strip must be moved
simultaneously to change the position of the strip.
In order to minimize the effects of the tread splice in the finished
tire, it has been considereal Desirable to cut or skive the tread to
the proper length so that the splice angle in the finished tire is at
a substantial angle with the circumference of the tire. This
distributes the splice over a substantial portion of the periphery of
the tire rather than across the tire at one point. In order to have
such a splice, the skive of the tread stock must be made at a
substantial angle with the edge of the extruded tread and there it is
essential that the edge of the strip of tread stock be accurately
positioned with respect to the conveyor belt d the skiving machine..
If not, each cut or skive would not be at the same angle with the edge
of the tread) so that the ends would not be parallel and could not be
properly joined' upon application to the tire carcass.
In some instances, a continuous strip of rubberized fabric is
processed on a layeup table or the like where a thin layer of cushion
stock is applied to the fabric strip. The layer of cushion stock may
be of a width less than that of the fabric so that it is laid on the
fabric with a predetermined margin. If the placing of the cushion is

26. to be accurately. done, it is essential that the fabric strip always
be placed on the lay-up table in precisely the same position,
otherwise the marginal spacing would not be consistent,
Manipulation without distortion of webs of material such as these may
be made by moving a relative large portion lof the web at one time In
this manner, the forces, are distributed and at any particular point
are not sufficient to create harmful distortions. It is therefore an
object of this invention to provide an apparatus that will accurately
deposit a strip of unvulcanized rubber material or rubbersized fabric
on a moving surface in a predetermined position without distortion of
the strip.
Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive
apparatus to align a strip of material within close tolerances as it
passes from one conveying system to another.
A further object of this invention is to provide an alignment device
that will funtion accurately in continuous operation.
A still further object of the invention is to provide at apparatus
that operates in coordination 'with the apparatus that performs the
subsequent operations on the strip material.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an embodiment of the invention showing
its position with respect to a skiving machine;
Fig. 2 is an end view of the invention; and;
Fig. 3 is a plan view.
FOT purposes of illustration,- the invention will be described in
combination with a tread skiving machine which is well known in the
art. In the usual skiving machine operation the extruded tread stock
is carried by a conveyor through tanks of water for cooling after it
leaves the extruder. Subsequently the strip of stock is transferred
then to the conveyor belt of the skiving machine or skiver which
carries the strip through the machine under one or more cutting blades
which skive the strip into lengths of predetermined size.
Since the length of aav travel during cooling is substantial and no
attempt is made to position the strip of material accurately, the
strip is not transferred at all times to the conveyor of the skiver in
a sufficiently accurate and straight line position to be properly
skived.
These lengths are removed and stored until they are to be applied to
the tire carcass during the tire building operation.
The numeral 1 represents a skiver or skiving apparatus of the usual
construction having a conveyor belt 2 which supports and carries the
strip 3 of extruded unvulcanized rubber tread material through the
apparatus 1.
The revolving knife 4 automatically skives the tread stock 3 at a

27. predetermined point as it passes through the apparatus as is well
known in the art. The belt 2 of the skiver is supported on one end by
the pulley. 5 which may be moved relative to the other pulley (not
shown) of the skiver so as to provide means to adjust the tension in
the belt 2.
Adjacent to the skiver 1 the web aligning apparatus 6 of this
invention is mounted so that the conveyor belt 7 of the aligning appa
ratus 6 is in substantial longitudinal alignment with the belt 2 of
the skiver 1. The strip 3 of unvulcanized rubber tread stock enters
the aligning apparatus 6 from the cooling tanks '(not shown) and is
carried: through the aligning apparatus 6 on the upper reach of the
belt 7.. The position of the strip 3 as it is placed on the belt 7
from the cooling tanks is not specifically controlled so that it may
vary considerably. The belt 7 iof the aligning apparatus is driven at
substantially the same peripheral speed as the belt 2 of the skiver.
If desired, a series of idler rolls 8 may be interposed between the
skiving apparatus 1 and the aligning apparatus 6 to prevent undue
sagging of the strip 3 as it passes between the machines.
In order to deposit the unvulcanized rubber strip 3 on ithe belt 2 of
the skiving apparatus in: the predetermined position, means are
provided to automatically change the relation of the longitudinal axis
of the belt 7 of the aligning apparatus with respect to that of the
belt 2 of the skiver.. As the belt 7 moves out of alignment, the
section of ,the strip 3 on the belt 7 approaches the belt 2 of the
skiver at an angle such that the strip 3 will continue to be deposited
on the belt 2 at the predetermined position. The dotted lines in Fig.
3 indicate the out of alignment position. Between the aligning
apparatus 6 and the skiver 1 a sensing mechanism or detector 9 is
positioned so that, as shown, the edge of the strip 3 of material
passes through the sensing mechanism. It is to be understood! that if
desired the sensing mechanism 9 may be positioned so that other
portions of ithe strip will activate it. As the edge of the material
moves from the predetermined position the sensing mechanism 9 is
activated, which in turn actuates an oil cylinder 10 to move the
aligning apparatus 6 so as to keep the edge of the strip of material 3
at the desired position.
In order to more fully understand the operation of the aligning
apparatus 6 in Figs.
1, 2 and 3 the belt 7 is supported by rolls 11 and 12 to form the
conveying system of the aligning apparatus. One means that may be
readily used to drive the belt 7 at the same speed as the belt 2 of
the skiving apparatus is a chain drive from the shaft on which pulley
5 of the skiver is mounted. The chain 13 passes around a sprocket gear
14 affixed to the shaft of the pulley 5, over the idler 15, around the

28. sprocket gear 16, then over idlers 17 and 18. A take-up idler sprocket
19, be- tween idlers 17 and 18, retains the proper tension in the
chain when the pulley 5 of the skiver is moved in order to adjust the
tension of the belt 2 of the shiver.
As best seen in Figs. 2 and 3, a base structure 20 includes a top
cross member 21 carrying a shaft 22 supported by bearings 23 attached
to the cross-member 21. The sprocket gear 16 keyed to the outer end of
the shaft 22 is, as previously explained, driven by chain 13 drive
extending from the sprocket 14 of the skiver. On the opposite end of
shaft 22, a bevel gear 24 is affixed and engages a ring gear 25
rotatably attached to the top crossmember 21. Diametrically opposite
the normal position of 'bevel gear 24 on the ring gear 25, a second
bevel gear 27 engages the ring gear 25. This bevel gear 27 is attached
to shaft 28 supported on bearings 29 attached to the framework 30.. As
shown, the ring gear 25' allso is supported for free rotation on
thrust bearing 31 on a cross-member of framework 30. The attachment of
the ring gear 25 to both the Ibase 20 and framework 30 allows limited
relative movement between them. The rolls 11 and 12. are carried on
shafts 32 and 33 respectively supported in bearings 34 attached to the
framework 30.
On the outer end of the shaft 28, a gear is attached thereto which
engages gear attached to the shaft 32 of the roll 11. Since the
framework 301 is pivotally attached to the base 20 through the ring
gear 25, it may be moved independently of 'the base 20 without
interrupting the drive of the belt 7. The vertical center line iof the
rinlg gear 25 is the axis about which the framework 30 pivots. It is
apparent that by the proper selection of sprocket sizes for the
sprockets 14 and 16, the belt 7 on the aligning apparatus may be
driven at the same speed as belt 2 of the shiver.
As the longitudinal axis of the 'belt 7 is moved out of alignment with
the longitudinal axis of the belt 2 lof the skiver, position of the
bevel gear 27 changes on the ring gear 25 ibut the bevel gear 2.7 lis
stilll driven thereby. The shaft 22 remains fixed with respect to the
abase 20 and top frame member 21, but the position of the shaft 28 and
the framework 30 with its component parts changes.
So that the framework 30 which supports the rolls 11. and 12 map
reaidlilly move about the pivot ,(indicated iby broken lines in Figs.
1. and 2) the framework 30 is supported on rollers 37 carried by
vertical members 38 and 39 of the framework 30 Ways for the roller 37
in the form shown, are plates 40 attached to the base 20..
Iodine form' of sensing device or position detector that has been
found very satisfactory for the strip aligning apparatus is shown al-
though it is to be understood that many types of such devices such as
photo-electric cells, vacuum operated, other electrical systems, etc.

29. are available for such uses. The particular device illustrated
consists. lof a low pressure air stream 4k1 (see 'Fig. 1) passing over
the edge of the strip of material. As the flow of air is altered by
the change in position of the edge of the material, the oil cylinder
10 is. activated to return the strip edge to the desired position.
One form of such a device is shown in the United States patent No.
2,539,131, issued to D., T. iGundersen. This particular device that
has. been found to be very; satisfactory has a relatively fiat
elongated nozzle opening 42 positioned transverse to the edge of the
material with ,the edge ibeing substantially at the center of the
nozzle opening in the desires position. When the edge of the material
moves to one side or the other of the nozzle opening 42, the change in
pressure in the receiver mechanism of the apparatus actuates the oil
cylinder 10 to cause the connecting red 43 of the cylinder to be
extended or retracted. The connecting rod 43 is pivotally attached at
44 to the framework 30. Con- sequently, as the connecting rod 43 is
retracted or extended the framework 30 is rotated about the pivot
point causing the longitudinal axis of the belt 7 to move out of
alignment with the longitudinal axis of the skiver belt 2 and move the
edge of the strip back to the center of the nozzle opening 42.. At
this point, the sensing device 9 returns the cylinder 10 to its normal
position. Subsequently any change in the position of the strip edge
causes the aligning device to activate the oil cylinder to keep the
edge of the material in the predetermined position.. As the framework
30 moves, the portion of the strip 3 that lies on the belt 7 is moved
as a unit rather than at a localized point or points. This prevents
undue distortion in portions lof the strip with the result that the
strip is placed undisltor,ted on the Ibelt of the skiver in the proper
position for accurate skiving.
Although the aligning device has been described in 'combination with a
tread skiving apparatus, it may be used in combina- tion with any
apparatus which requires that a moving web of material 'be positioned
thereon in a fixed position. In each instance, it is desirable that
the device is positioned immediately ahead of the moving surface of
the apparatus.
While certain. representative embodiments and details have 'been shown
for the purpose of illustrating the invention it will Ibe app a- rent
to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications
may ibe made therein without departing from the scope of the
invention, as defined, in the appended claims.
What we claim is: -
1. A strip aligning device for depositing a continuously moving web of
material in a predetermined lateral position on a moving surface,
including an endless belt mounted adjacent one end of the moving

30. surface for swinging movement in a plane parallel to such surface,
adapted to support the web of material and feed it onto the moving
surface, means to drive the belt at substantially the same speed as
the moving surface, a sensing device activated when the edge of the
web moves out of the predetermined position to actuate means adapted
ito control the swing of the belt to guide the web in the predeter-
mined position on the moving surface.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device is
mounted between the moving surface and the belt
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the belt travels over
two or more rolls rotatably mounted on a framework mounted for free
rotation about a vertical axis, the longitudinal axis of the belt
normally being in alignment with the longitudinal axis