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IRJET- Performance Assessment of Grid Connected 1.1 MWp Solar Photo-Voltaic Plant in India
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2787 Performance Assessment of Grid Connected 1.1 MWp Solar Photo- Voltaic Plant in India Sushil Patel1, Deepa Golani2 1M.Tech Scholar, Department of Energy Technology, Takshshila Institute of Technology Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Energy Technology, Takshshila Institute of Technology , Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstarct:- The growing and developing nations, increased demand of power and limited availability of fossil sources triggered towards a sources who is purely clean green and also available in large amount . Solarenergyisbecomingakey option of clean and green source of energy all over the World. Many solar plants have been installed in India with different geographical sites. Investigation on the performance of solar power plants is important and initial key for installation of plant. Knowledge about the performance analysis of solar power plants result will provide correct investment decisions for installation. In this paper we examine the various parameter which is contributing to the performance of solar power plants, such as solar panel design , temperature, radiation, inverter efficiency, degradation due to aging and other climatic conditions. In this paper, performance of 1.1 MWp solar photo voltaic plant evaluated presented with the use of the computer software package PVSyst.. The performance ratio and the various power losses (solar irradiation, different type of moduleloss, temperature, Module soiling, AC and DC losses, cable and wiring loss etc) are calculated .Also evaluate the performance of plant in terms of different type of plant running losses like generation loss due to grid unavailability system breakdown, inverterbreakdown. The use of appropriate performanceparametersfacilitatesthe comparison of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems that may differ with respect to solar panel design, modern technology and different geographic location. Five performance parameters evaluated that for overall system performance with respect to the energy generation, available solar radiation, and overall effect of system losses are the following: generation analysis, inverter loss analysis, inverter efficiency, system loss analysis and performanceratioanalysis These performance parameters are discussed for their suitability in providing desired information for PV system design and performance evaluation . Also discussed are methodologies for determining system a.c. power ratings in the design phase using multipliers developed from measured performance parameters. This paper work shows the performance analysis of grid connected 1.1 MWp solar PV plant at Rewa dist. Madhya pradesh. Key words: Solar energy, Solar photovoltaics, Solar radiation, Solar power plant, Performance analysis 1. INTRODUCTION With an installed capacity of 145 GW, the country currently faces energy shortage of 8 percent and a peak demand shortage of 11.6 percent. India faces a significant gap between electricity demand and supply. Demand is increasing at a very rapid rate compared to the supply. it is estimated that the power generation capacityinIndia would have to increase to 306 GW in the next ten years which is 2.1 times the current levels. India has a large potential for renewable energy sources such as solar power, biomassand wind power. With the current installed capacity of renewable energy constituting about 7.3 percent of India’s total installed generation capacity[6]. India is already the fourth largest in the world in terms of wind energy installations.India justhad2.12megawattsofgrid-connected solar generation capacity. predicting expected energy production from a system is a key part of understanding system value. System energy production is a function of the system design and location, the mounting configuration, the power conversion system, and the module technology, as well as the solar resource. Even if all other variablesareheld constant, annual energy yield (kWh/kWp) will vary among module technologies because of differences in response to low-light levels and temperature. A number of system performance models have been developed and are in use, but little has been published on validation of these models and on the accuracy and uncertainty of their output. Probably the most difficult and the most important aspectof commissioning a PV system is evaluating whether it is performing as well as it should be. First, the expected performance needs to be determined. Then, the actual performance needs to be measured. To determine the expected performance of the PV system, refer to the basis of design. Assuming that the system was sizing properly in the design phase, it should meet the owner’s requirement for energy production. Based on the equipment specified, estimation the monthly annual and lifetime energyoutput of the system[3]. 2. TECHNICAL DETAILS OF SOLAR PV PLANT The 1.1 MW Plant is divided into 4 independent segments of 500 kW, 100 kW, and two 250 kW.Eachsegmentisequipped with four Inverters of100, 500, 250(2)kWeachandgrouped
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2788 together to form one LT panel. Depending on the mix of 140 & 280 WP modules, 45 to 46 PV Arrays are connected in parallel to each single Inverter, and each array consistsof24 modules connected in series. The power generated from 1.1 MW PV Plant at 0.415 kV is stepped up to 11 kV with the help of three step-up transformers andconnectedto existing 11 kV lines[4]. 2. 1.TECHNICAL DATA OF SOLAR PV ARRAY TABLE -1: PV Array Details PV ARRAY DETAILS Type modules are used Nex power (NT- 140AX),WebelW2800(280) Total number of modules 6085 Solar Cell material Silicon 1 Array 12 In -1 out No. of Arrays per Inverter 17-500KW,3-100 KW,5- 250(1)KW,5-250(2)KW No. of Inverter used 4 inverter No. of module connected in per Inverter 3573-500KW,896- 250(1)KW, 896-250(2)KW 720-100KW Inclination of Modules (Tilt angle) 0deg, 15deg , 31deg 2. 2. MODULE SPECIFICATION TABLE-2: PV Modules Details TYPE NET POWER (140 WP) WEBEL (280 WP) Maximum Power, Pmp (W) 140W 280W Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp) 62.3 V 35.5V Maximum Power Current (Imp) 2.25A 7.94 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 78.4V 44.75V Short Circuit Current (Isc) 2.59A 8.53A Module dimensions (mm) 1.4x1.1 mm 1.4x1.3 mm Module efficiency 9% 15% NOCT– Nominal Operating Cell Temp (°C) 55 deg c 45deg c Weight (Kg) 19.8 Kg 25 Kg Cell Type µc-SI/a-SI mono 3. METHODOLOGY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE SOLAR PV SYSTEM This section describes the methodology for performance analysis of a grid connected system. In order to analyze the performance of a grid connected system the performance parameters are being developed by International Energy Agency (IEA) [12]. These performance parameters include: 1-Generation analysis 2-Inverter loss analysis 3- Inverter efficiency 4- System loss analysis 5- Performance Ratio of system These performance parameters basicallyprovidetheoverall system performance.The PV plant is fully monitored to assess its performance as per IEC standard 61724 [13]. 3. 1. GENERATION ANALYSIS The total energy in a year from this 1.1MW Solar PV Plant can be calculated by using the data in average monthly insulation in Tamilnadu. This average value of the incident solar power and its availability for utilization is assumed to have taken into account the cloudy days and the variation in the incident solar flux due to seasonal variation round the year. Also, although the daylight is recorded to be available on the average for 12 hours a day, we assume that for power generation purposes it is availableforonlytenhours[2]. The energy generated by each 140W panel in a year for an average of 10 hours a day is 0.14 × 1.1 × 365 = 56.21 kWh. This is possibly an over-estimation because this assumes that there are no maintenanceoutages. Weassumethatsolar PV plants are robust enough to not require such outages of no more than 10 percent[7]. Discounting for this, a 100W panel is thus expected to generate a total of about 330 kWh of electrical energy in a year. Total annual electricity generated by a 10 megawatt plant would be 330 kWh × 107 = 33 GWh/ annum. Chart-1:Expected and Real Power Generation Comparison The Expected monthly average power generation found 166.227 Kwh. Maximum Power generate 171.67 Kwh at
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2789 month of march and minimum power generation 116.376 Kwh at month of July-Aug. 3. 2. INVERTER LOSS ANALYSIS Four numbers of pure sine wave grid connected solar inverters of capacity 500KVA, 100 KVA 250(2) kVA will be used for converting DC power into AC. Each inverter will be based on highly efficient IGBT technology with generation voltage of 415 V, three phase, 50 Hz at a rated power factor of 0.99 (lag). Inverter will be havingMPPT(maximumpower point tracker). The enclosure of the inverter will be of dust, vermin and water proof. The inverter will meet the other Requirements as stipulated in IEC and IEEE: 1547. The inverter will be complete with base frame, closed air circuit cooling system, LAVT (lightning arrestors and surge capacitor and voltage transformer) panel, metering and control panel, instrumentation control and safety devices and other accessories. The inverter coupled to the PV array will be suitable in all aspects for operating with grid. The inverter will be sized for the operation with input PV array power of 500, 100, 250(2) kWp. Total four inverters will be required for four PV arrays of capacity 250 kWp each. Each inverter will be sized to provide the total output energy of 1.66 million kWh. TABLE- 3: Inverter Specification SPECIFICATION INVERTER TYPE 500KW 250KW 100KW Input Maximum DC power 510 KW 259 KW 104KW Maximum dc voltage 420 V 320 V 315V PV voltage range at MPPT 420-850 V 320-600 V 315-600 Output Maximum ac power 500KW 250KW 100KW Nominal ac power 500KW 250KW 100KW Maximum efficiency 97.9 96.6 96.6 Euro efficiency 97.3 NA NA Weight 2810 kg 2404 kg 1006 kg 3.2.1. EXPECTED POWER GENERATION BY INVERTER AS PER PV SYST Chart-2: Expected power generation through 500 KW Inverter Annual power generation through 500 KW inverter was found 25200 KWwithmaximumpowergeneration2579KW at month of March and minimum power generation 1195 KW at month of July-Aug. . Chart-3: Expected power generation through 100 KW Inverter Annual average power generation through 100 KW inverter was found 4621 KW with maximum power generation 519 KW at month of march and minimum power generation 168 KW at month of Aug. Annual Average combined power generation through all inverters was found 140.5739 KW with maximum power generation 171.670 KW at month of march and minimum power generation 116.376 KW at month of Aug. 3. 3. INVERTER EFFICIENCY These inverters are grid tie inverters which are used to connect the power plant to the grid. The efficiency of an inverter has to do with how well it converts the DC voltage into AC. The currently available grid connected inverters have efficiencies of 96 to 98.5%, and hence choosing the correct inverter is crucial to the design process[8]. Most inverters are most efficient in the 30% to 90% power range. The instantaneous inverter efficiency is calculated ή= AC Power/DC Power Formula use for calculating input DC power Input DC power = Solar insulation x No.ofmoduleconnected with particular inverter x module area x conversion efficiency of module x conversion efficiency of inverter x no of day
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2790 Chart-5: Inverters Efficiency Chart-6: Inverters Loading Percentage 3. 4. SYSTEM LOSS ANALYSIS 3.4.1. CABLE LOSSES (WIRING OHMIC LOSS) Power is also lost to resistance in the system wiring. These losses should be kept to a minimum but it is difficult to keep these losses below 1.5-2% for the system[9]. Forthisproject the maximum cable losseshasbeenconsidered2% resulting a reduction factor for these losses equal to 98% or 0.980. Chart- 7: System Loss Analysis 3. 5. PERFORMANCE RATIO OF SYSTEM The performance ratio isone ofthemostimportantvariables for evaluating the efficiency of a PV plant. Specifically, the performance ratio is the ratio of the actual and theoretically possible energy outputs[11]. It is largely independent of the orientation of a PV plant and theincidentsolarirradiation on the PV plant. Chat-8: Monthly Performance ratios 4. PV SYST SIMULATION After manual calculations the simulation was also done with the help of PVSYST software. The data input to software are module data, inverter technical specification and all the meteorological data is taken from the Meteonorm software database. PVSyst is provide sizingofsolarpannel,simulation and data analysis of complete PV systems. Upon user's requirements like energy/water needs and "Loss of load" probability .this provides the PV-system component sizes, monthly production performances, and performs a preliminary economic evaluation of the PV system[1]. Tools perform the database metrological and components management. It provides also a wide choice of general solar tools (solar geometry, Meteo on tilted planes, etc), as well as a powerful mean of importing real data.InPVSystsimulation the data has been taken from Meteonorm file. The file generated from Meteonorm can easily be extracted in PVSyst. For importing file there is a utility given in PVSyst in Geographical sites section. In software PV array tilt angle was optimized to reduce the shading losses. The tilt angle was kept 25 tilt degrees[5]. Figure 9. Various losses predicted using the PVSYST.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2791 4. Results and discussion The results of analysis of the actual measured performance and comparison with the predicted performance using PVSYST are presented in this section. The variation of measured monthly average solar radiation on the tilted PV modules indicates that solar radiation is minimum during November (132.4 kWh/m2) and maximum in March(199.3 kWh/m2). The mean monthly back of module temperature averaged during the day hours is 25.85 0C. The performance ratio ranges between 79% and 99% with an annual average value of 84%. In order to compare the measured and the predicted output of solar plant, the normalized energy yield (kWh/kWp) is calculated. The measured total normalized energy outputis 1.66 million kWh whereas the predicted yearly output is 1.766 million kWh .The measured annual average PR of the solar plant is found to be 83% which is very close to the PVSYST predicted PR of 84%. PVSYST also calculates the various systemlossesbasedupontheinputsof site parameters (Long., Lat. and Altitude), global solar radiation, ambient temperature and electrical and mechanical specifications of the modules. Thevariouslosses predicted using PVSYSTareshowninFig.9.Theperformance of a solar power plant mostly depends upon the available incident solar radiation on the plane of array of the PV modules. Thus, the modules are kept inclined with Tiltangle 25 0C to the horizontal surface facing south so as to maximize the incident solar radiation.Thisindicatesthatthe optimum tilt angle is requiredtobedeterminedforthisplant so as to get maximum power generation throughout the year. There is already a provision for changing the tilt angle of the array which can be utilized once monthly, seasonal and yearly optimum tilt angles aredeterminedformaximum power generation. 5. Conclusions The performance of the 1.1MW RLCP solar photovoltaic power plant has been analyzed for the month of Jan, Feb, March, April, may and June month year 2018. The total expected electrical energy generated by the RLCP power plant was 1.766 million kWh(As per PV syst.) and 1.709 million units were sold to the grid. But Actual generation of the plant is 1.66 million kWh based on the performance Ratio of the plant. This is lower than the expected generation, but Actual monthly generationishigherthanthe expected monthly generation. The impact of temperature variation (of modules) on the performance of photovoltaic mono-crystalline silicon modules was studied. It is observed that the efficiency of modules is more sensitive to temperature than the solar Insolation. The normal daily trend is that the efficiency of Plant is high during morning hours but low during the middle of the day and again starts increasing from late afternoon. The dailyefficiencyofmodulesvariedfrom14.5% to 11.5% with the variation in the daily averaged modules temperature from 25oC to 50oC. Hence cooling of the solar modules may be desirable to increase the efficiency.There is a need to evaluate if the additional energy required for cooling the solar modules will be less than the additional energy generated due to higher efficiency. 1. The daily plots showing the variationofPerformanceratio of the plant, generation varies due to tilt angle, inverterwise generation of the plant,inverterloadingpercentage,Inverter efficiency, generation loss, breakdown condition and Revenue loss. 2. The monthly average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and inverter efficiency were 12%, 15.6% and 93.5.2% respectively. 3. The average daily performance ratio and capacity factor were 83.7% and 10.1% respectively. 4. Monthly Performance ratio value calculated fromjanuary to june month 2018 5. Monthly Inverter loading is Jan-43.9%, Feb -35%, Mar- 40%, Apr-39%. 6. Ohmic loss is 1.27 % it is lower than expected. 6. REFERENCES [1] .PVsyst V 6.30 software. [2] Nishant Kumar, Ikhlaq Hussain, Bhim Singh, Bijay Ketan Panigrahi, ‘‘Peak power detection of PS solar PV panel by using WPSCO ‘’ , IET Renewable Power Generation, Vol. 11 Iss. 4, pp. 480-489,2017. [3] Kumari Ashwinil, Ashish Raj, ManojGupta,‘‘Performance Assessment and Orientation Optimization of 100 kWp Grid Connected Solar PV System in Indian Scenario’’, IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering, December 2016. [4] Goura. R, ‘’Analyzing the on-field performance of a 1-641 megawatt-grid –tied ‘’PV system in South India. Int. J. Sustainable Energy Vol. 34, Pp 1–9,2015. [5] P. Yadav, N. Kumar and S. S. Chandel, "Simulation and performance analysis of a I kWp photovoltaic system using PVsyst," Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC) pp. 0358-0363, 2015. [6] Elieser Tarigan, Djuwari, Lasman Purba, ‘‘Assessment of PV Power Generation for Household in Surabaya Using SolarGIS–pvPlanner Simulation’’,Elsevier Energy Procedia, Vol. 47,Pp. 85-93,2014. [7] Herbort V., von Schwerin R., Compton B., Brecht L. , and te Heesen H., "Insolation dependent solar module performance evaluation from PV monitoring data, " in Photovoltaic Specialists Conference(PVSC),201238thIEEE, vol. , no. , pp.001274-001277, 3-8 June 2012. [8] A. Mäki, and S. Valkealahti, “Power Losses in Long String and Parallel- Connected Short Strings of Series-Connected
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2792 Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Modules Due to Partial Shading Conditions”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 27, pp. 173-183, 2012. [9] B. Kroposki, R. Margolis, and D. Ton, “Harnessingthesun: An overview of solar technologies,” IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, vol.7, pp. 22–33, 2009. [10] T.A.Huld, M. Suri,R. P.Kenny, and E. D. Dunlop, “Estimating PV performance over large geographical regions,” in Proc. 31st IEEE. Photovoltaic. Spec. Conf. , pp. 1679–1682, 2005. [11] N. Okada, S. Yamanaka, H. Kawamura, and H. Ohno, “Energy loss of photovoltaic systemcausedbyirradianceand incident angle,” in Proc. 3rd IEEE Photovoltaic Energy Convers. World. Conf., pp. 2062–2065,2003.
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