1. Grade Profiles:
What Each Grade Represents
The Grade of F
The essence of F level work is that the student demonstrated a pattern of unscientific thinking and/or failed to do
the required work of the course.
A closeexamination reveals: The student does not understand the basic nature ofbiological thinking, and in any
case does not display the biological thinking skills and abilities which are at the heart of this course. The work at
the end of the course is vague, imprecise, and unreasoned as it was in the beginning.There is little evidence that
the student is genuinely engaged in the task of taking charge of his or her thinking. Many assignments appear to
have been done pro forma, the student simply going through the motions without really putting any significant
effort into thinking his or her way through them. Consequently, the student is not analyzing issues clearly, not
formulating information clearly, not accurately distinguishing the relevant from the irrelevant, not identifying key
questionable assumptions, not clarifying key concepts, not identifying relevant competing points of view, not
reasoning carefully from clearly stated premises, or tracing implications and consequences. The student's work
does not display discernible scientific reasoning and problem-solving skills.
The Grade of D
The essence ofD-Level work is that it demonstrates only a minimal level of understanding and skill in biological
thinking.
D level work shows only a minimal level of understanding of what biological thinking is, along with
thedevelopment of some, but very little, biological thinking skills or abilities. Dwork at the end of the course, on
the whole, shows only occasional biologicalthinking skills, but frequent unscientific thinking. Most assignments
arepoorly done. Thereis little evidence that the student is "reasoning" throughthe assignment in a scientific
manner. Often the student seems to be merelygoing through the motions of the assignment, carrying out the form
withoutgetting into the spirit of it. D work rarely shows any effort to take charge ofideas, assumptions, inferences,
and intellectual processes. In general, D-levelthinking lacks discipline and clarity. In D-level work, the student
rarelyanalyzes issues clearly and precisely, almost never formulates informationclearly, rarely distinguishes the
relevant from the irrelevant, rarely recognizeskey questionable assumptions, almost never clarifies key concepts
effectively,frequently fails to use language in keeping with educated usage, only rarelyidentifies relevant
competing points of view, and almost never reasonscarefully from clearly stated premises, or recognizes important
implicationsand consequences. D-level work does not show good scientific reasoning andproblem-solving skills and
frequently displays poor reasoning and problem-solving skills.
The Grade of C
The essence of C-Ievel work is that it demonstrates more than a minimal levelof skill, but it is also highly
inconsistent, with as many weaknesses as strengths.
C-level work illustrates some but inconsistent achievement in grasping what biological thinking is, along with the
development of modest biological thinking skills or abilities. C-level work at the end of the course, it is true,shows
some emerging biological thinking skills, but also pronouncedweaknesses as well. Though some assignments are
reasonably well done,others are poorly done; or at best are mediocre. There are more thanoccasional lapses in
reasoning. Though biological thinking terms anddistinctions are sometimes used effectively, sometimes they are
used quiteineffectively. Only on occasion does C-level work display a mind takingcharge ofits own ideas,
assumptions, inferences, and intellectual processes.Only occasionally does C-Ievel work display intellectual
discipline and clarity.The C-Ievel student only occasionally analyzes issues clearly and precisely,formulates
information clearly, distinguishes the relevant from the irrelevant,recognizes key questionable assumptions,
clarifies key concepts effectively,uses language in keeping with educated usage, identifies relevant
competingpoints of view, and reasons carefully from clearly stated premises, orrecognizes important implications
and consequences. Sometimes the C-levelstudent seems to be simply going through the motions of the
assignment,carrying out the form without getting into the spirit of it. On the whole,C-Ievel work shows only
modest and inconsistent reasoning and problem-solving skills and sometimes displays weak reasoning and
problem-solvingskills.

2. The Grade of B
The essence of B-Ievel work is that it demonstrates more strengths thanweaknesses and is more consistent in high
level performance than C-Ievel work.It nevertheless has some distinctive weaknesses, though no major ones.
B-Ievelwork represents demonstrable achievement in grasping what biologicalthinking is, along with the clear
demonstration of a range of specific biologicalthinking skills or abilities.B-Ievel work at the end of the course is, on
thewhole, clear, precise, and well-reasoned, though with occasional lapses intoweak reasoning. On the whole,
biological thinking terms and distinctions areused effectively. The work demonstrates a mind beginning to take
charge ofits own ideas, assumptions, inferences, and intellectual processes. The studentoften analyzes issues
clearly and precisely, often formulates information clearly, usually distinguishes the relevant from the irrelevant,
often recognizeskey questionable assumptions, usually clarifies key concepts effectively,typically uses language in
keeping with educated usage, frequently identifiesrelevant competing points of view, and shows a general
tendency to reasoncarefully from clearly stated premises, as well as noticeable sensitivity toimportant implications
and consequences.B-Ievel work displays goodscientific reasoning and problem-solving skills.
The Grade of A
The essence of A-level work is that is demonstrates excellence overall with no major weaknesses.
A-levelwork demonstrates real achievement in grasping what biological thinking is,along with the clear
development of a range of specific biological thinkingskills or abilities. The work at the end of the course is, on the
whole, clear,precise, and well-reasoned, though with occasional lapses into weakreasoning. In A-level work,
biological thinking terms and distinctions are usedeffectively. The work demonstrates a mind beginning to take
charge of itsown ideas, assumptions, inferences, and intellectual processes. The A-levelstudent usually analyzes
issues clearly and precisely, usually formulatesinformation clearly, usually distinguishes the relevant from the
irrelevant,usually recognizes key questionable assumptions, usually clarifies keyconcepts effectively, typically
useslanguage in keeping with educated usage,frequently identifies relevant competing points of view, and shows a
generaltendency to reason carefully from clearly stated premises, as well as noticeablesensitivity to important
implications and consequences. A-level work displaysexcellent reasoning and problem-solving skills. The A
student's work is consistently at a high level of intellectual excellence.
Grading System
In accordance with the descriptions above, your final grade will be representative of your comprehension of the
biological ideas discussed this term and your ability to display biological thinking skills using this information. You may project
your final grade according to the following types of assessment weighted by the following percentages:
50% TESTS - At appropriate times in the development of the course, approximately once every two weeks, a full-
period test will be given typically following a format which relies heavily on short-answer and paragraph
long responses. These assessments will be the most significant measure of your learning, understanding,
and thinking and have the most influence on your overall performance grade.
20% EXAM - A comprehensive final exam will be given at the conclusion of the term. It will require an understanding
of all topics discussed in the term and the use of skills developed in this class and in the core science
curriculum.
30% Other Assignments– At times during the term, other graded assignments will be given. General participation in class
discussion, specific graded classroom presentations and homework assignmentswill also play a role in this
grade, as well as:
LABS - The laboratory program for the term will include two types of assignment. Prelabs will be due the day of
the lab and reinforce the understandings and concepts required of students before they attempt the lab.
The actual labs may not necessarily require a formal write-up, but students will be expected to at least
answer several questions requiring analysis of data and synthesis concepts relevant to the lab experience.
QUIZZES - Reading Quizzes will check a students’ comprehension of reading assignments in a few quick questions
taken after the reading is completed. Other quizzes taken during class will also be included in this
category.
EFFORT - Your final grade is based on your performance. Reliable and valid assessments concerning effortare not
attempted, nor does a subjective evaluation of effort affect the final grade assigned to represent your
understanding of biological thinking. Effort does, however, play a major role in your successful
performance in all classes and heavily influences student culpability in the event of poor performance.