Comparative Analysis of AODV Base and RSSI Base Wireless Sensor Node Localization Techniques

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ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Comparative Anal
Wireless Sensor Node Localization Techniques
Miss. Prajakta B. Patil
1
PG
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,
D. Y. Patilcollege of Engineering and Technology,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Measurement-based node localization algorithms
exploit the measurements of the received signals’
characteristics such as RSSI (Received signal
strength). Using the RSS measurement, the distance
between any sensors’ pair could be obtained by
converting the power loss due to propagation from a
sensor to another based on some propagation laws.
Unfortunately, due to the probable presence of noise
and interference, the distance’s estimate would befar
from being accurate, thereby leading to unreliable
localization accuracy. The proposed approach can
provide the deployment uniformly of known location
nodes among the sensor fields and the lower
computational complexity of path planning compared
with method which utilizes only mobile nodes on the
basis of a random movement. The results are
compared with the AODV based basic localization
technique with new RSSI based AODV node
localization technique. Further analysis of the power
consumption, PDR and throughput is done and shows
satisfactory results.
Keywords: wireless sensor networks (WSN
localization, node connectivity, RSS (received signal
strength),node distance.
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is currently a
popular information acquisition and processing
technology and one of the research hotspots. WSN
technology integrates sensor, wireless network
communication and embedded computing
technologies and transmits data and information
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Comparative Analysis of AODV Base and RSSI
Prajakta B. Patil1
, Dr. A. N. Jadhav2
PG Student,2
Principal and Professor
D. Y. Patilcollege of Engineering and Technology,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
based node localization algorithms
exploit the measurements of the received signals’
(Received signal
strength). Using the RSS measurement, the distance
between any sensors’ pair could be obtained by
due to propagation from a
propagation laws.
Unfortunately, due to the probable presence of noise
and interference, the distance’s estimate would befar
from being accurate, thereby leading to unreliable
localization accuracy. The proposed approach can
he deployment uniformly of known location
fields and the lower
of path planning compared
with method which utilizes only mobile nodes on the
basis of a random movement. The results are
based basic localization
technique with new RSSI based AODV node
localization technique. Further analysis of the power
consumption, PDR and throughput is done and shows
wireless sensor networks (WSNS,),
onnectivity, RSS (received signal
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is currently a
popular information acquisition and processing
technology and one of the research hotspots. WSN
, wireless network
communication and embedded computing
transmits data and information
through WSN nodes[6].Generally, the localization
algorithms have
been Proposed, which can be mainly classi
two categories: range-based and ran
range-based techniques estimate an unknown node
distance by three or more beacon nodes. Based on the
range information, the location of a node is
determined. Some of the range
algorithms include received signal strength
(RSSI), angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival
(TOA), and time difference of arrival (TDOA) [4].
The proposed approach can provide the deployment
uniformly of known location nodes among the
sensor fields and the lower computational complexity
of path planning compared with method which
utilizes only mobile nodes on the basis of a random
movement. The results are compared with the AODV
based basic localization technique with new RSSI
based AODV node localization technique. Further
analysis of the power consumption, PDR and
throughput is done and shows satisfactory results.
1.1 AODV Algorithm
AODV is the routing protocol based on the distance
vectorAlgorithm, which inte
number this protocol mainly,
discovery and routing Maintenance. When the source
node communicating with other nodes fails to reach
the routing of destination node, it requires the
grouping of RREQ. After other nodes receive this
RREQ, whether such information exists or not is
checked then the information should be abandoned
Jun 2018 Page: 1348
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International Open Access Journal
SSI Base
Generally, the localization
Proposed, which can be mainly classified into
based and range-free. Several
based techniques estimate an unknown node
distance by three or more beacon nodes. Based on the
range information, the location of a node is
determined. Some of the range-based localization
algorithms include received signal strength indicator
(RSSI), angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival
erence of arrival (TDOA) [4]. .
The proposed approach can provide the deployment
uniformly of known location nodes among the
fields and the lower computational complexity
of path planning compared with method which
utilizes only mobile nodes on the basis of a random
movement. The results are compared with the AODV
based basic localization technique with new RSSI
based AODV node localization technique. Further
e power consumption, PDR and
throughput is done and shows satisfactory results.
AODV is the routing protocol based on the distance
vectorAlgorithm, which integrates the target serial
mainly, includes routing
routing Maintenance. When the source
node communicating with other nodes fails to reach
the routing of destination node, it requires the
er other nodes receive this
whether such information exists or not is
then the information should be abandoned

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1349
when necessary. Otherwise, it should record the
RREQ in this routing table and broadcast this RREQ
continuously until some central node reaches the
routing of destination node, or the routing request
group in reaches the destination node. In AODV
protocol, the node requests for the routing of The
destination node through broadcasting RREQ
message[5] Gradually. Such a flooding routing
method will unfortunately generate substantial RREQ
message, resulting in a tremendous signal conflict and
the protocol overhead.
1.2 RSSSI Algorithm
RSS Generally, the localization algorithms have been
proposed ,which can be mainly classified into two
categories: range-based and range-free. Several range-
based techniques estimate an unknown node distance
by three or more beacon nodes. Based on the range
information, the location of a node is determined.
Some of the range-based localization algorithms
include received signal strength indicator (RSSI),
angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA), and
time difference of arrival (TDOA) [4].,the main idea
is to estimate the distance of a transmitter to a receiver
using the power of received signal, knowledge of the
transmitted power .the RSSI. The received signal
strength from sensor node at node at time is
represented By ,which is formulated as
Where Pr(d) is the received signal, P T is the transmit
power, PL(do) is the path loss for reference distance of
d0,η is the attenuation constant, and Xδ=N(0,δ2
) is the
uncertainty factor due to multipath and shadowing.
2. Simulation results Comparison of Existing
system with proposed scheme based on RSSI
Parameters configuration:
CBR Packet Size 256,512
Transmission Range 5, 20, 30, 50, 100
Number of Nodes 50
RSSI 6.5,7.5
Simulation Time 150.0 Seconds
TransmissionRange EHP AODV
5 28.63 34.27
20 30.14 38.44
30 36.11 61.31
50 52.36 68.6
100 70.64 96.35
5 24.35 37.93
20 32.74 54.92
30 36.96 59.37
50 68.92 75.23
100 80.36 103.25
5 0.812 0.65
20 0.831 0.67
30 0.86 0.7
50 0.88 0.83
100 0.901 0.89
0
50
100
150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
EnergyConsumedinJoules
Transmission Range in meters
Energy Consumption Analysis
EHP AODV
0
50
100
150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
EHP AODV

5 0.82 0.62
20 0.833 0.657
30 0.842 0.694
50 0.877 0.816
100 0.89 0.884
5 188.6 151.6
20 220.12 170.44
30 321.56 240.22
50 344.52 270.18
100 399.44 310.23
5 104.1 111.23
20 151.3 150.26
30 270.6 210.36
50 297.1 234.1
100 326.3 280.78
Annotations:
1
1 Energy consumed when packet size is 256
bytes is less than configuration with 512 bytes.
2 The RSSI based protocol shows less energy
consumption as compared to AODV protocol
even in 256 and 512 bytes of packet size
3 Packet delivery ratio obtained for both
configurations show that RSSI based protocol
outperforms compared to AODV
4 Throughput in both cases is higher than
AODV protocol.
5 It can be observed that as transmission range is
increased energy consumption in both
protocols increases. PDR increases and
throughput also increases.
6 Increment in transmission range of each node
assures the communication reliability in terms
of link establishment process.
7 Increment in transmission range is done by
increasing transmission power hence energy
consumption is increased with large values.
8 As nodes are coming in contact with each
other it assures reliable link between all nodes
as far network is formed by the nodes.
9 The effect on interference is also observed
when transmission power is increased.
10 When transmission power is increased the
RSSI value remains almost higher than the
threshold thereby less dropping of packets
hence increment in throughput and PDR.
0
0.5
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PDR
PDR Analysis
EHP AODV
0
0.5
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PDR
PDR Analysis
EHP AODV
0
500
0 50 100 150
Throughputin
KBPS
Throughput Analysis
EHP AODV
0
100
200
300
400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
ThroughputinKBPS
Throughput Analysis
EHP AODV

In simulation, RSSI log is created during simulation
with respect to time at the time of link establishment
procedures. Each log is observed to verify the RSSI
based link reliability analysis with respect to
transmission power.
CBR Packet Size 256,512
Transmission Range 5, 20, 30, 50, 100
Number of Nodes 90
RSSI 6.5,7.5
Simulation Time 150.0 Seconds
5 36.12 45.23
20 38.21 51.01
30 46 59.81
50 51 69.05
100 66.92 102.34
5 31.65 51.26
20 41.26 58.21
30 50.23 65.41
50 66.447 80.24
100 79.038 96.41
5 0.821 0.7
20 0.8311 0.72
30 0.8522 0.76
50 0.864 0.86
100 0.901 0.89
5 0.81 0.7
20 0.82 0.72
30 0.841 0.76
50 0.86 0.81
100 0.89 0.84
5 290.13 290
20 311.21 315
30 326.62 324
50 411.25 356
100 423 393
0
50
100
150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
EHP AODV
0
50
100
150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
EHP AODV
0
0.5
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PDR
PDR Analysis
EHP AODV
0
0.5
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110
PDR
PDR Analysis
EHP AODV

5 310 272.3
20 321.23 285
30 335.14 305
50 380.15 330
100 410 365
Annotations:
1 Energy consumed when packet size is 256 bytes is
less than configuration with 512 bytes.
2 The RSSI based protocol shows less energy
consumption as compared to AODV protocol even
in 256 and 512 bytes of packet size
3 Packet delivery ratio obtained for both
configurations show that RSSI based protocol
outperforms compared to AODV
4 Throughput in both cases is higher than AODV
protocol.
5 It can be observed that as transmission range is
increased energy consumption in both protocols
increases. PDR increases and throughput also
increases.
6 Increment in transmission range of each node
assures the communication reliability in terms of
link establishment process.
7 Increment in transmission range is done by
increasing transmission power hence energy
consumption is increased with large values.
8 As nodes are coming in contact with each other it
assures reliable link between all nodes as far
network is formed by the nodes.
9 The effect on interference is also observed when
transmission power is increased.
10 When transmission power is increased the RSSI
value remains almost higher than the threshold
thereby less dropping of packets hence increment
in throughput and PDR.
In simulation, RSSI log is created during simulation
with respect to time at the time of link establishment
procedures. Each log is observed to verify the RSSI
based link reliability analysis with respect to
transmission power.
Conclusion:
The proposed method and its comparative analysis
with AODV protocol shows that energy consumption,
PDR and throughput are optimum and satisfactory in
proposed method.
The results show that method outperforms even in
case of high density networks. As packet size is
changed the impact on parameters is much less
compared to AODV protocol.
The proposed method protocol can be used when
localization based network establishment is to be done
and performance is expected. So far simulation
performance is satisfactory.
References
1) Ahmad El Assaf, Slim Zaidi,SofièneAffes et.al.”
Low-Cost Localization for Multihop
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”. IEEE
transactions on wireless communications, vol. 15,
no. 1, january.
2) D. P. Agrawal and Q.-A. Zeng, Introduction to
Wireless and MobileSystems, 3rd ed. Stamford,
CT, USA: Cengage Learning, 2010.
3) XihaiZhangJunlongFang,andFanfengMeng“AnEff
icientNodeLocalization approach with RSSI for
RandomlyDeployedWirelessSensorNetworks”Hin
dawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Electrical
and Computer Engineering Volume 2016, Article
ID 2080854
0
200
400
600
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
ThroughputinKBPS
Throughput Analysis
EHP AODV
0
200
400
600
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
ThroughputinKBPS
Throughput Analysis
EHP AODV

4) I. F. Akyildiz and M. C. Vuran, Wireless Sensor
Network ,John Wiley & Sons, London, UK, 2010.
5) “Research on the WSN Node Localization Based
on TOA” Qing-huiWang,Ting-ting Lu,Meng-long
Liu ,and Li-feng Wei Hindawi Publishing
Corporation Journal of Applied Mathematics
Volume 2013, Article ID 706064,
6) Bo Guan, Xin Li”An RSSI-based Wireless Sensor
Network Localization Algorithm with Error
Checking and Correction”http://www.i-joe.org

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Comparative Analysis of AODV Base and RSSI Base Wireless Sensor Node Localization Techniques