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International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
DOI : 10.14810/ijrap.2015.4403 27
BOUND STATE SOLUTION TO SCHRODINGER
EQUATION WITH MODIFIED HYLLERAAS PLUS
INVERSELY QUADRATIC POTENTIAL USING
SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS
APPROACH
Ituen .B.Okon1
, Oyebola Popoola2
and Eno.E. Ituen1
1
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
2
Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
1
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger equation with modified
Hylleraass plus inversely quadratic potential using Supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach.
Applying perkeris approximation to the centrifugal term, we obtained the eigen-energy and the normalized
wave function using Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions. We implement Fortran algorithm to
obtained the numerical result of the energy for the screening parameter 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 0.5andα = .
The result shows that the energy increases with an increase in the quantum state. The energy spectrum
shows increase in angular quantum state spacing as the screening parameter increases.
KEYWORDS
Schrodinger, Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics Approach, Modified Hylleraass plus Inversely
Quadratic potential.
1. INTRODUCTION
Schrodinger wave equation belongs to non-relativistic wave equation. The total wave function of
any quantum mechanical system basically provides implicitly the relevant information about the
physical behavior of the system. Bound state solutions most time provides negative energies
because oftenly, the energy of the particle is less than the maximum potential energy therefore,
causing the particle to be trapped within the potential well. However, in a well that is infinitely
long, the particles can have positive energies and are still trapped within the potential well, hence
we can conclude that for infinitely long potential well, bound state energy of a particle is either
less than the potential at negative infinity( )E < −∞ or less than the potential at positive infinity
( )E < ∞ which provides the reason for obtaining both negative and positive bound state energies
predominantly in Klein-Gordon equation. A lot of authors developed interest in studying bound
state solutions majorly due to its scientific applications in both physical and chemical sciences in
particle, high energy Physics and molecular dynamics . [1-3].
International Journal of Recent adv
Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to
relativistic and non- relativistic wave equations. These are: Nikifor
quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach,
factorization method, tridiagonalisation method etc.[4
consideration are: woods-Saxon plus modified exponential
generalized exponential coulomb potential,
Teller, kratzer fues and Mie-Type potential, Eckart potential and
etc [11-20]. This paper is organized
introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply
the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed
potential and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement
an algorithm to obtained numerical computation for the resulting energy.
The modified Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential is given by
2
0 31
2 2
2
( )
1
r
r
v e
V r
e r
α
α
χχ
χ
−
−
 −
= + 
− 
Where 3χ is a constant , 1χ and
against the inter-nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter
1.0,2.0,3.0 4.0andα = is shown below. The chosen
graph which is quite different from the one for numerical computation.
2.THE CONCEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM
MECHANICS(SUSYQM)
The supersymmetric approach deals with the partner Hamiltonian of the form
2
( )
2
p
H V x
m
± = +
Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of
super-potential as
2
( ) ( ) ( )effV x x xφ φ±
′= ±
The ground state energy is obtained as
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to
relativistic wave equations. These are: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, exact
quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach,
factorization method, tridiagonalisation method etc.[4-10] . Some of the potentials under
Saxon plus modified exponential coulomb potential, Hulthen plus
generalized exponential coulomb potential, Rosen-Morse, Hulthen, pseudo harmonic, Poschl
pe potential, Eckart potential and P-T symmetric Hulthen potential
20]. This paper is organized as follows: section 1 is the introduction. In section 2, we
introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply
the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed
al and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement
an algorithm to obtained numerical computation for the resulting energy.
The modified Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential is given by
and 2χ are Hylleraas parameter. The graph of this potential
nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter
is shown below. The chosen α is to enable one sees the nature of the
graph which is quite different from the one for numerical computation.
Figure a.
CEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM
MECHANICS(SUSYQM)
The supersymmetric approach deals with the partner Hamiltonian of the form
Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of
The ground state energy is obtained as
ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
28
Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to
Uvarov method, exact
quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach,
10] . Some of the potentials under
coulomb potential, Hulthen plus
Morse, Hulthen, pseudo harmonic, Poschl-
T symmetric Hulthen potential
as follows: section 1 is the introduction. In section 2, we
introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply
the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed
al and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement
(1)
are Hylleraas parameter. The graph of this potential
nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter
one sees the nature of the
CEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM
(2)
Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of
(3)
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
29
1
0 ( ) N
x Ceφ− −
= (4)
where N is the normalization constant which for very simple cases can be determined using the
expression
0
( ) ( )
x
x
N x r drφ= ∫
(5)
However, the superpotential satisfies shape invariant condition of the form
0 1 1( , ) ( , ) ( )V a x V a x R a+ −= + (6)
Where 1a is a new set of parameter uniquely determined from the old set 0a through the
mapping 0 1 0: ( )f a a f a→ = (7)
The supersymmetric energy is determined as
1
( )
n
n s
s
E R a
=
= ∑ (8)
While higher order state solutions are obtained through the expression
( )
†1
0 01
0 2
( )
( , ) ( , )
n
s
n n
s
n s
A a
a x a x
E E
φ φ
−
− −
=
 
 =
  − 
∏ (9)
Where †
( )sA a is a raising ladder operator expressed as
†
( , )s sA a x
x
φ
∂
= − +
∂
(10)
3. RADIAL SOLUTION OF SCHRODINGER EQUATION
Schrodinger equation is given by
( )
2
2 2 2
2 ( 1)
( ) ( ) 0nl
d R l l
E V r R r
dr r
µ + 
+ − − =  h
(11)
Substituting equation (1) into (11) gives
22
0 31
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 ( 1)
( ) 0
1
r
nl r
v ed R l l
E R r
dr e r r
α
α
χχµ
χ
−
−
    +
+ + − − =   
−    h
(12)
Let’s define suitable approximation to the centrifugal term as
( )
2 1
02 2
1
1 r
D
D
r e α
α −
 
 = +
−  
(13)
Substituting equation (13) into (12) and re-arranging gives
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
30
( )
2 22
20 1 0 3 1
12 2 22
2
2
2 0 3 0
02 2
2 21
( 1) ( )
1
22
( 1) ( )
r
r
v e v Dd R
l l D R r
dr e
v DE
l l D R r
α
α
µ χ µ χ α
α
χ
µ χ αµ
α
−
−
 
+ − − + 
−  
 
= − − + − 
 
h h
h h
(14)
This can also be represented as
( )
2 22
20 3 1 0 1
12 2 22
2
2
2 0 3 0
02 2
2 21
( 1) ( )
1
22
( 1) ( )
r
r
v D v ed R
l l D R r
dr e
v DE
l l D R r
α
α
µ χ α µ χ
α
χ
µ χ αµ
α
−
−
 
− + + − 
−  
 
= − − + − 
 
h h
h h
(15)
Let’s define second order differential equation containing effective potential as
2
2
( )
( ) ( ) ( )nl
eff nl nl nl
d R r
V r R r E R r
dr
− + = % (16)
In order to represent equation (15) in the form of equation (16) , then equation (15) is multiply by
-1.
( )
2 22
20 3 1 0 1
12 2 22
2
2
2 0 3 0
02 2
2 21
( 1) ( )
1
22
( 1) ( )
r
r
v D v ed R
l l D R r
dr e
v DE
l l D R r
α
α
µ χ α µ χ
α
χ
µ χ αµ
α
−
−
 
− + + + − 
−  
 
= − + − 
 
h h
h h
(17)
Comparing equation (17) to (16), we obtained the following:
( )
2 2
20 3 1 0 1
12 22
2
2
2 0 3 0
02 2
2 21
( ) ( 1)
1
22
( 1) (18 )
r
eff r
nl
v D v e
V r l l D
e
v DE
E l l D b
α
α
µ χ α µ χ
α
χ
µ χ αµ
α
−
−
 
= + + − 
−  
 
= − + − 
 
h h
%
h h
(18).
Let
2
20 3 1
12
2
( 1)
v D
A l l D
µ χ α
α= + +
h
and 0 1
2
2
2 v
B
µ χ
χ
= −
h
(19)
Then, the effective potential reduced to
( )
2
2
1
( )
1
r
eff r
V r A Be
e
α
α
−
−
 = + −
(20)
The super-potential suitable for the effective potential is given as
( )
1
22
( )
1 r
q
r q
e α
φ −
−
= +
−
(21)
In order to construct partner potential, we apply equation (6) by first taking the square and first
derivative of equation (21)
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
31
( )
2
1
22
2
( )
1
r
r
q e
r
e
α
α
α
φ
−
−
′ =
−
(22)
( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 2 1
2 22 2
2
( )
1 1
r r
q q q
r q
e e
α α
φ − −
= − +
− −
(23)
The partner potentials are
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 22 2 2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
r
eff r r r
q q q q e
V r r r q
e e e
α
α α α
α
φ φ
−
+
− − −
′= + = − + +
− − −
(24)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 22 2 2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
r
eff r r r
q q q q e
V r r r q
e e e
α
α α α
α
φ φ
−
−
− − −
′= − = − + −
− − −
(25)
Equation (24) and (25) satisfies shape invariant condition.
3.1 CALCULATION OF GROUND STATE ENERGY
The ground state energy can be calculated by solving associated Riccati equation. This equation
is given as
2
0( ) ( ) ( )eff lr r V r Eφ φ′− = − % (26)
Where 0lE% is the ground state energy.
Substituting equation (20) and (25) into (26) and simplifying in decreasing order of exponent
gives rise to three pairs of simultaneous equations
1
2 2
0 1 2 22lA E q q q q+ = + −% (27)
1 1
2
0 2 22 2 2 2lB A E q q q qα− − = − + −% (28)
2
0 2lE B q− =% (29)
Solving the following simultaneous equations then
2
1 2 2 ( )q q q A B= ± + + (30)
2
21 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
A B q A B q
q q
q q
α α   + + + +
= − ⇒ =   
   
(31)
The ground state energy is calculated using equation (29)
2 2
1 1
0 0
1 1
2 2
2 2
l l
A B q A B q
E B E B
q q
α α   + + + +
= + ⇒ − = − −   
   
% % (32)
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
32
3.2 CALULATION OF HIGHER ORDER SUPERSYMMETRIC ENERGY
Using the condition of shape invariant, higher order supersymmetric energy can be calculated as
using
1
( )nl k
k
E R a
∞
−
=
= ∑ (33)
Equation (33) satisfying shape invariant condition can be evaluated as follows
1 0 1
2 0 2
3 0 3
1
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )n n n
R a R a R a
R a R a R a
R a R a R a
R a R a R a−
= −
= −
= −
= −
(34)
Thus, there is one to one corresponding mapping as shown below.
1 1
0 0
1 0
1
:
:
:
:
:
n n
n
q q
a a
a a n
q a
q a
α
α
α
+
+
+
⇒
⇒
a
a
a
a
a
(35)
Therefore, using (35), equation (31) can be written as
22
2 2 01
2 2
1 0
22
2 2
A B qA B q
q q
q q
αα    + ++ +
= ⇒ =   
   
(36)
Using equation (34), the following evaluations is carried out
2 2
0 1
1
0 1
2 2
1 2
2
1 2
22
32
3
2 3
2 2
0
1 0
2 2
( )
2 2
2 2
( )
2 2
22
( )
2 2
2 2
( )
2 2
n
nl k
k n
A B q A B q
R a
q q
A B q A B q
R a
q q
A B qA B q
R a
q q
A B a A B a
E R a
a a
α α
α α
αα
α α∞
−
=
   + + + +
= −   
  
   + + + +
= −   
   
   + ++ +
= −   
   
   + + + +
= = −   
   
∑
(37)
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
33
3.3 CALCULATION OF TOTAL ENERGY
The total energy is the sum of the ground state energy and higher order supersymmetric energy.
This is given as
0nl nl lE E E= +% % (38)
Sometimes, the ground state energy can be negative (bound State condition) like in hydrogen
atom which is about -13.6eV.
Hence, equation (38) can in this manner be expressed as
0( )nl nl lE E E= + −% % (39)
Substituting equation (32) and (37) into (39) gives
2
2
n
nl
n
A B a
E B
a
α  + + 
= − +  
   
% (40)
Let’s recall equation (30)
2 2
1 2 2 1 2( ) ( ) , :q q q A B q A B qα α α= ± + + ⇒ = ± + + a
If 1: , :n n na a n for q aα+a a
Then ( )2 2
( ) 1 ( )n na n A B a n A Bα α α α α = + ± + + ⇒ = + ± + +
 
(41)
Substituting equation (18b) and equation (41) into (40) and simplifying gives the total energy as
2 2
2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1
1 12 2 2
2
2 2 0 1
22
223 1 0 1
12 2
2
2 2
2
3 0
2 2 2 2
( 1) 2 1 ( 1)
2
2 2 2
2 1 ( 1)
( 1)
nl
D v D v
l l D n l l D
v
E
D v
n l l D
l l
D
µχα µ χ µχα µ χ
α α α
χ χ µ χ
µ χµχα µ χ
α α
χ
α
χα
    
  + + − + + ± + + −         =− −  
   + ± + + −    
    
+
+ +
h h hh
h
h h
h 0
(42)
2
D
µ
Equation (42) is the energy equation for Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential. However,
because of the plus and minus accaompanied by the square root sign, equation (42) can be
expressed as follows:
2 2
2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1
1 12 2 2
2
2 2 0 1
22
223 1 0 1
12 2
2
2 2
2
3 0
2 2 2 2
( 1) 2 1 ( 1)
2
2 2 2
2 1 ( 1)
( 1)
nl
D v D v
l l D n l l D
v
E
D v
n l l D
l l
D
µχα µ χ µχα µ χ
α α α
χ χ µ χ
µ χµχα µ χ
α α
χ
α
χα
    
  + + − + + + + + −         =− −  
   + + + + −    
    
+
+ +
h h hh
h
h h
h 0
(43)
2
D
µ
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
34
2 2
2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1
1 12 2 2
2
2 2 0 1
22
223 1 0 1
12 2
2
2 2
2
3 0
2 2 2 2
( 1) 2 1 ( 1)
2
2 2 2
2 1 ( 1)
( 1)
nl
D v D v
l l D n l l D
v
E
D v
n l l D
l l
D
µχα µ χ µχα µ χ
α α α
χ χ µ χ
µ χµχα µ χ
α α
χ
α
χα
    
  + + − + + − + + −         =− −  
   + − + + −    
    
+
+ +
h h hh
h
h h
h 0
(44)
2
D
µ
3.4 CALCULATION OF THE WAVE FUNCTION
Furthermore, in order to calculate the radial wave function, we used the coordinate transformation
2 r
s e α−
= into equation (16) and obtained the following
( )
20 1 0 3 0
2 2 2
2
2
0 1 3 0 3 1 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 0 3 1 0 1
2 2
( 1) 2
4 4 4 4
1 2 2 ( 1) ( 1)1
(45)
(1 ) (1 ) 4 4 4 4 4
( 1) ( 1) 2
4 4 4 4 4
v l l D D E
s
s v D D l l D l l Dd R dR E
s
dr s s ds s s
D D l l D l l D E
χ χ µ
α χ α
χ χ χ µ
α χ α
χ χ µ
α
  +
− + + −  
  
 −  + + 
+ + + + + + + −  
− −  
 + + 
− + + + − 
   
h
h
h




The corresponding radial wave function is then given by
( )
3 0 3 1 0 13 0 3 1 0 1
2 22 2
3 0 3 1 0 3 0 3 1 01 1
2 2
( 1) ( 1) 2( 1) ( 1) 2 1
2 2 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4
( 1) ( 1)( 1) ( 1)2 2
1 2 , 3 2
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4
( ) (1 )
n
D D l l D l l D ED D l l D l l D E
r r
nl n
D D l l D D D l l Dl l D l l DE E
R r N e e
P
χ χ µχ χ µ
α α αα
χ χ χ χµ µ
α
+ ++ + − − + + + −+ + + −− −
 + ++ +
+ + + + − + + + + −  
 
= −
×
hh
h
( )
2 2
2
1 2 r
e
α α
  
     −  
−
h
(46)
4. NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE ENERGY EQUATION
Using equation (43), we implement Fortran algorithm to compute for the energy of the equation
in electron volt with various values of the screening parameter α . We use the following values
for our computation. 0 0 1 1 2 2
1
1.0, , 1.0, 1, 2, 1
12
V D Dµ χ χ χ= = = = = = − = =h .
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
35
Bound State energy with 0.1α = for different quantum state
n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα =
0 0 -1.81557810 0 1 -1.83414400 0 2 -1.87091950 0 3 -1.92523000
1 0 -1.39580210 1 1 -1.40959080 1 2 -1.43698190 1 3 -1.47761940
2 0 -1.18513580 2 1 -1.19601170 2 2 -1.21765080 2 3 -1.24983630
3 0 -1.05848570 3 1 -1.06744430 3 2 -1.08528610 3 3 -1.11186640
4 0 -0.97394794 4 1 -0.98155713 4 2 -0.99672174 4 3 -1.01933810
5 0 -0.91351247 5 1 -0.92012280 5 2 -0.93330324 5 3 -0.95297605
6 0 -0.86815786 6 1 -0.87399983 6 2 -0.88565266 6 3 -0.90305570
7 0 -0.83286536 7 1 -0.83809840 7 2 -0.84853950 7 3 -0.86414030
8 0 -0.80462086 8 1 -0.80935950 8 2 -0.81881640 8 3 -0.83295200
Table 1
Bound State energy with 0.2α = for different quantum state
( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα =
0 0 -1.25588080 0 1 -1.29197690 0 2 -1.36170600 0 3 -1.46096090
1 0 -1.04142170 1 1 -1.06843020 1 2 -1.12113100 1 3 -1.19725980
2 0 -0.93265150 2 1 -0.95405185 2 2 -0.99604530 2 3 -1.05721940
3 0 -0.86688805 3 1 -0.88456786 3 2 -0.91938436 3 3 -0.97037660
4 0 -0.82283480 4 1 -0.83788250 4 2 -0.86758830 4 3 -0.91125740
5 0 -0.79126420 5 1 -0.80435646 5 2 -0.83024790 5 3 -0.86841345
6 0 -0.76752913 6 1 -0.77911305 6 2 -0.80205260 6 3 -0.83593720
7 0 -0.74903460 7 1 -0.75942045 7 2 -0.78000940 7 3 -0.81047153
8 0 -0.73421750 8 1 -0.74362910 8 2 -0.76230270 8 3 -0.78996754
Table 2
Bound State energy with 0.3α = for different quantum state
( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα =
0 0 -1.11232240 0 1 -1.16417930 0 2 -1.26113510 0 3 -1.39352740
1 0 -0.96447120 1 1 -1.00370690 1 2 -1.07845380 1 3 -1.18307350
2 0 -0.88827163 2 1 -0.91957426 2 2 -0.97985350 2 3 -1.06547440
3 0 -0.84179723 3 1 -0.86777450 3 2 -0.91814520 3 3 -0.99038374
4 0 -0.81049335 4 1 -0.83267320 4 2 -0.87588680 4 3 -0.93828130
5 0 -0.78797410 5 1 -0.80731654 5 2 -0.84513450 5 3 -0.90001200
6 0 -0.77099670 6 1 -0.78814130 6 2 -0.82175210 6 3 -0.87071250
7 0 -0.75773966 7 1 -0.77313274 7 2 -0.80337375 7 3 -0.84755990
8 0 -0.74710070 8 1 -0.76106584 8 2 -0.78854835 8 3 -0.8288036
Table 3
n l n l n l n l
n l n l n l n l
International Journal of Recent adv
Bound State energy with
( 0.4)nE eVα =
0 0 -1.07219960 0 1
1 0 -0.95648575 1 1
2 0 -0.89565750 2 1
3 0 -0.85815040 3 1
4 0 -0.83271027 4 1
5 0 -0.81432050 5 1
6 0 -0.80040705 6 1
7 0 -0.78951290 7 1
8 0 -0.78075130 8 1
Bound State energy with
( 0.5)nE eVα =
0 0 -1.07287570 0 1
1 0 -0.97570810 1 1
2 0 -0.92349565 2 1
3 0 -0.89090130 3 1
4 0 -0.86861694 4 1
5 0 -0.85241880 5 1
6 0 -0.84011304 6 1
7 0 -0.83044730 7 1
8 0 -0.82265410 8 1
Figure 1: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with
n l n l
n l n l
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
Bound State energy with 0.4α = for different quantum state
( 0.4)nE eVα = ( 0.4)nE eVα = ( 0.4)nE eVα
-1.13772730 0 2 -1.25619530 0 3 -1.41204810
-1.00673560 1 2 -1.10005060 1 3 -1.22680750
-0.93608590 2 2 -1.01235960 2 3 -1.11805080
-0.89188860 3 2 -0.95620050 3 3 -1.04651460
-0.86163010 4 2 -0.91715777 4 3 -0.99588360
-0.83961457 5 2 -0.88844097 5 3 -0.95816210
-0.82287750 6 2 -0.86643210 6 3 -0.92897120
-0.80972373 7 2 -0.84902660 7 3 -0.90571094
-0.79911387 8 2 -0.83491695 8 3 -0.88674080
Table 4
Bound State energy with 0.5α = for different quantum state
( 0.5)nE eVα = ( 0.5)nE eVα = ( 0.5)nE eVα
-1.15000000 0 2 -1.28518370 0 3 -1.45766960
-1.03571430 1 2 -1.14444880 1 3 -1.28834840
-0.97222220 2 2 -1.06231940 2 3 -1.18440910
-0.93181820 3 2 -1.00849700 3 3 -1.11411000
-0.90384614 4 2 -0.97049820 4 3 -1.06339450
-0.88333330 5 2 -0.94223930 5 3 -1.02507970
-0.86764705 6 2 -0.92040080 6 3 -0.99511280
-0.85526310 7 2 -0.90301790 7 3 -0.97103360
-0.84523810 8 2 -0.88885320 8 3 -0.95126210
Table 5
Figure 1: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with α =
n l n l
n l n l
ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
36
( 0.4)E eVα =
1.41204810
1.22680750
1.11805080
1.04651460
0.99588360
0.95816210
0.92897120
0.90571094
0.88674080
( 0.5)E eVα =
1.45766960
1.28834840
1.18440910
1.11411000
1.06339450
1.02507970
0.99511280
0.97103360
0.95126210
0.1= .
International Journal of Recent adv
Figure 2:The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with
Figure 3: The graph of energy
Figure 4: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
Figure 2:The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα =
Figure 3: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα =
Figure 4: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα =
ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
37
0.2= .
0.3= .
0.4= .
International Journal of Recent adv
Figure 5. : The graph of energy against the distance for
CONCLUSION
We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to
Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen
energy and the wave function. The result shows that the energy is negativ
state condition and increases with an increase in quantum as shown in tables (1
graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the
value of α increases. This can be shown from figures (1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use
to improve the article.
REFERENCES
[1] OkonI.B , Ituen E.E, .Popoola O.O and Antia A.D.(2013),
Equation with Mie-Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent
Advances In Physics, Vol.2, No.2, pp1
[2] Okon I.B, Isonguyo C.N, Ituen, E.E and Ikot A.N. (2014), “Energy Spectrum for
Molecules with Generalized Manning
(SUSY)”. Conference proceedings of Nigerian Institute of Physics, 2014.
[3] Okon I. B, Popoola O.O and Isonguyo. C.N (2014), “Exact Bound state
Woods-Saxon plus modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional Nikiforov
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[4] Okon I.B and Popoola. O.O.(2015) ,”Bound state solution of Schrodinger e
plus generalised exponential coulomb potential using Nikiforov
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[5] Isonguyo C. N, Okon, I. B and Ikot A. N (2013), “Semi
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Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics (NAMP Journal). Vol.25, No. 2,
pp121-126.
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
Figure 5. : The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα
We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to
Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen
energy and the wave function. The result shows that the energy is negative to ascertain bound
state condition and increases with an increase in quantum as shown in tables (1-5). The energy
graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the
This can be shown from figures (1-5).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use
OkonI.B , Ituen E.E, .Popoola O.O and Antia A.D.(2013), “Analytical Solutions of Schrodinger
Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent
Advances In Physics, Vol.2, No.2, pp1-7 .
I.B, Isonguyo C.N, Ituen, E.E and Ikot A.N. (2014), “Energy Spectrum for Some Diatomic
Molecules with Generalized Manning-Rosen Potential Using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
(SUSY)”. Conference proceedings of Nigerian Institute of Physics, 2014.
Okon I. B, Popoola O.O and Isonguyo. C.N (2014), “Exact Bound state Solution of q
Saxon plus modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov Method”,
International Journal of Recent Advances in Physics Vol. 3, No.4.
Okon I.B and Popoola. O.O.(2015) ,”Bound state solution of Schrodinger equation with Hulthen
plus generalised exponential coulomb potential using Nikiforov-Uvarov method”, International
Journal of Recent Advances in Physics. Vol.4, No.3.Doi:10.14810/ijrap.2015.4301.
Isonguyo C. N, Okon, I. B and Ikot A. N (2013), “Semi-relativistic treatment of
Hellmann potential using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics”, Journal of the
Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics (NAMP Journal). Vol.25, No. 2,
ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
38
0.5α = .
We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to
Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen
e to ascertain bound
5). The energy
graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the
We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use
“Analytical Solutions of Schrodinger
Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent
Some Diatomic
Rosen Potential Using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Solution of q-deformed
Uvarov Method”,
quation with Hulthen
Uvarov method”, International
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015
39
[6] Isonguyo, C. N , . Okon I.B, Ikot A.N and Hassanabadi H. (2014) , “Solution of Klein-Gordon
Equation for some diatomic molecules with New Generalised Morse-like potential Using
SUSYQM”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2014, Vol. 35, No. 12 3443
http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.12.3443
[7] Nikiforov A.F, Uvarov V. B (1988) , “ Special Functions of Mathematical Physics,”, Birkhauser,
Bassel
[8] Dong S.H., Factorization Method in Quantum Mechanics. (2007). Springer-Verlag, Berlin
[9] Ikhdair S. M. and Sever R.( 2007). “A perturbative treatment for the bound states of the Hellmann
potential”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 809, no. 1–3, pp. 103–113
[10] Berkdemir C., Berkdemir A. and Sever R. ( 2006) “ Systematical approach to the exact solution of
the Dirac equation for a deformed form of the Woods-Saxon potential”, Journal of Physics A, vol.
39, no. 43, pp. 13455–13463.
[11] Fl¨ugge S., Practical Quantum Mechanics, Springer- Verlag, Berlin (1994).
[12] R. Dutt R., Chowdhury. K and Varshni,Y.P (1985), “An improved calculation foscreened Coulomb
potentials in Rayleigh-Schrodinger”, perturbation theory. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. vol. 18, pp1379–
1388 .
[13] Ikhdair S. M andSever R .(2007) , “An alternative simple solution of the sextic anharmonic
oscillator and perturbed coulomb problems,” International Journal of Modern Physics C, vol. 18,
No10, pp1571.
[14] Oyewumi K.J, Akinpelu O.E and Agboola A.D (2008) “Exactly Complete Solutions of the
Pseudoharmonic Potential in N-Dimensions,” International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 47,
No. 4, pp. 1039-1057(2008) doi:10.1007/s10773-007-9532-x.
[15] Hassanabadi H., Zarrinkamar S. and Rajabi A.A. (2011) “Exact solutions of D-dimensional
schrödinger equation for an energy-dependent potential by NU method” Commun. Theor. Phys. Vol.
55, pp 541.
[16] Ikot A.N, Antia A.D, Akpabio, L.E and Obu, A. J (2011), “Analytic Solutions of Schrodinger
Equation with Two-Dimensional Harmonic Potential in Cartesian and Polar Coordinates via
Nikiforov-Uvarov Method”, Journal of Vectorial Relativity, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 65-76.
[17] Greene R. L and Aldrich C. (1976). “Variational wave functions for a screened Coulomb potential”,
Physical Review A, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 2363–2366. pp1-7.
[18] Bera P.K(2012) ” The exact solutions for the interaction
2 2 2
( ) d d
V r r rα β− −
= − by Nikiforov-
Uvarov method” Pramana-J. Phys Vol. 78, pp667.
[19] Ikhdair S. M. and Sever R. ( 2011). “Relativistic and nonrelativistic bound states of the isotonic
oscillator by Nikiforov-Uvarov method,” Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 52, no. 12, article
122108.
[20] Fakhri H., Sadeghi J (2004) “Supersymmetry approaches to the bound states of the generalized
Woods-Saxon potential” Mod. Phys. Lett. A Vol. 19, pp615-625.
[21] Khounfais K., Boudjedaa T. and Chetouani L (2004), “Scattering matrix for Feshbach- Villars
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[22] Ikot A.N, Awoga O. A. Akpabio, L. E and Antia A. D (2011 ) “ Exact Solutions of Schrodinger
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2307.

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BOUND STATE SOLUTION TO SCHRODINGER EQUATION WITH MODIFIED HYLLERAAS PLUS INVERSELY QUADRATIC POTENTIAL USING SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS APPROACH

  • 1. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 DOI : 10.14810/ijrap.2015.4403 27 BOUND STATE SOLUTION TO SCHRODINGER EQUATION WITH MODIFIED HYLLERAAS PLUS INVERSELY QUADRATIC POTENTIAL USING SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS APPROACH Ituen .B.Okon1 , Oyebola Popoola2 and Eno.E. Ituen1 1 Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. 2 Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 1 Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. ABSTRACT In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger equation with modified Hylleraass plus inversely quadratic potential using Supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. Applying perkeris approximation to the centrifugal term, we obtained the eigen-energy and the normalized wave function using Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions. We implement Fortran algorithm to obtained the numerical result of the energy for the screening parameter 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 0.5andα = . The result shows that the energy increases with an increase in the quantum state. The energy spectrum shows increase in angular quantum state spacing as the screening parameter increases. KEYWORDS Schrodinger, Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics Approach, Modified Hylleraass plus Inversely Quadratic potential. 1. INTRODUCTION Schrodinger wave equation belongs to non-relativistic wave equation. The total wave function of any quantum mechanical system basically provides implicitly the relevant information about the physical behavior of the system. Bound state solutions most time provides negative energies because oftenly, the energy of the particle is less than the maximum potential energy therefore, causing the particle to be trapped within the potential well. However, in a well that is infinitely long, the particles can have positive energies and are still trapped within the potential well, hence we can conclude that for infinitely long potential well, bound state energy of a particle is either less than the potential at negative infinity( )E < −∞ or less than the potential at positive infinity ( )E < ∞ which provides the reason for obtaining both negative and positive bound state energies predominantly in Klein-Gordon equation. A lot of authors developed interest in studying bound state solutions majorly due to its scientific applications in both physical and chemical sciences in particle, high energy Physics and molecular dynamics . [1-3].
  • 2. International Journal of Recent adv Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to relativistic and non- relativistic wave equations. These are: Nikifor quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, factorization method, tridiagonalisation method etc.[4 consideration are: woods-Saxon plus modified exponential generalized exponential coulomb potential, Teller, kratzer fues and Mie-Type potential, Eckart potential and etc [11-20]. This paper is organized introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed potential and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement an algorithm to obtained numerical computation for the resulting energy. The modified Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential is given by 2 0 31 2 2 2 ( ) 1 r r v e V r e r α α χχ χ − −  − = +  −  Where 3χ is a constant , 1χ and against the inter-nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter 1.0,2.0,3.0 4.0andα = is shown below. The chosen graph which is quite different from the one for numerical computation. 2.THE CONCEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS(SUSYQM) The supersymmetric approach deals with the partner Hamiltonian of the form 2 ( ) 2 p H V x m ± = + Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of super-potential as 2 ( ) ( ) ( )effV x x xφ φ± ′= ± The ground state energy is obtained as International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to relativistic wave equations. These are: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, exact quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, factorization method, tridiagonalisation method etc.[4-10] . Some of the potentials under Saxon plus modified exponential coulomb potential, Hulthen plus generalized exponential coulomb potential, Rosen-Morse, Hulthen, pseudo harmonic, Poschl pe potential, Eckart potential and P-T symmetric Hulthen potential 20]. This paper is organized as follows: section 1 is the introduction. In section 2, we introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed al and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement an algorithm to obtained numerical computation for the resulting energy. The modified Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential is given by and 2χ are Hylleraas parameter. The graph of this potential nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter is shown below. The chosen α is to enable one sees the nature of the graph which is quite different from the one for numerical computation. Figure a. CEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS(SUSYQM) The supersymmetric approach deals with the partner Hamiltonian of the form Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of The ground state energy is obtained as ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 28 Different analytical techniques have been adopted by different authors in providing solutions to Uvarov method, exact quantisation, asymptotic iteration method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, 10] . Some of the potentials under coulomb potential, Hulthen plus Morse, Hulthen, pseudo harmonic, Poschl- T symmetric Hulthen potential as follows: section 1 is the introduction. In section 2, we introduced the concept of supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. In section 3, we apply the concept of supersymmetry to provide the solution to Schrodinger equation using the proposed al and obtained the energy eigen value and the wave function.. In section 4, we implement (1) are Hylleraas parameter. The graph of this potential nuclear distance with various values of the screening parameter one sees the nature of the CEPT OF SUPERYSYMMETRIC QUANTUM (2) Where P is the momentum and V(x) is the effective potential which can be expressed in terms of (3)
  • 3. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 29 1 0 ( ) N x Ceφ− − = (4) where N is the normalization constant which for very simple cases can be determined using the expression 0 ( ) ( ) x x N x r drφ= ∫ (5) However, the superpotential satisfies shape invariant condition of the form 0 1 1( , ) ( , ) ( )V a x V a x R a+ −= + (6) Where 1a is a new set of parameter uniquely determined from the old set 0a through the mapping 0 1 0: ( )f a a f a→ = (7) The supersymmetric energy is determined as 1 ( ) n n s s E R a = = ∑ (8) While higher order state solutions are obtained through the expression ( ) †1 0 01 0 2 ( ) ( , ) ( , ) n s n n s n s A a a x a x E E φ φ − − − =    =   −  ∏ (9) Where † ( )sA a is a raising ladder operator expressed as † ( , )s sA a x x φ ∂ = − + ∂ (10) 3. RADIAL SOLUTION OF SCHRODINGER EQUATION Schrodinger equation is given by ( ) 2 2 2 2 2 ( 1) ( ) ( ) 0nl d R l l E V r R r dr r µ +  + − − =  h (11) Substituting equation (1) into (11) gives 22 0 31 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ( 1) ( ) 0 1 r nl r v ed R l l E R r dr e r r α α χχµ χ − −     + + + − − =    −    h (12) Let’s define suitable approximation to the centrifugal term as ( ) 2 1 02 2 1 1 r D D r e α α −    = + −   (13) Substituting equation (13) into (12) and re-arranging gives
  • 4. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 30 ( ) 2 22 20 1 0 3 1 12 2 22 2 2 2 0 3 0 02 2 2 21 ( 1) ( ) 1 22 ( 1) ( ) r r v e v Dd R l l D R r dr e v DE l l D R r α α µ χ µ χ α α χ µ χ αµ α − −   + − − +  −     = − − + −    h h h h (14) This can also be represented as ( ) 2 22 20 3 1 0 1 12 2 22 2 2 2 0 3 0 02 2 2 21 ( 1) ( ) 1 22 ( 1) ( ) r r v D v ed R l l D R r dr e v DE l l D R r α α µ χ α µ χ α χ µ χ αµ α − −   − + + −  −     = − − + −    h h h h (15) Let’s define second order differential equation containing effective potential as 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )nl eff nl nl nl d R r V r R r E R r dr − + = % (16) In order to represent equation (15) in the form of equation (16) , then equation (15) is multiply by -1. ( ) 2 22 20 3 1 0 1 12 2 22 2 2 2 0 3 0 02 2 2 21 ( 1) ( ) 1 22 ( 1) ( ) r r v D v ed R l l D R r dr e v DE l l D R r α α µ χ α µ χ α χ µ χ αµ α − −   − + + + −  −     = − + −    h h h h (17) Comparing equation (17) to (16), we obtained the following: ( ) 2 2 20 3 1 0 1 12 22 2 2 2 0 3 0 02 2 2 21 ( ) ( 1) 1 22 ( 1) (18 ) r eff r nl v D v e V r l l D e v DE E l l D b α α µ χ α µ χ α χ µ χ αµ α − −   = + + −  −     = − + −    h h % h h (18). Let 2 20 3 1 12 2 ( 1) v D A l l D µ χ α α= + + h and 0 1 2 2 2 v B µ χ χ = − h (19) Then, the effective potential reduced to ( ) 2 2 1 ( ) 1 r eff r V r A Be e α α − −  = + − (20) The super-potential suitable for the effective potential is given as ( ) 1 22 ( ) 1 r q r q e α φ − − = + − (21) In order to construct partner potential, we apply equation (6) by first taking the square and first derivative of equation (21)
  • 5. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 31 ( ) 2 1 22 2 ( ) 1 r r q e r e α α α φ − − ′ = − (22) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 22 2 2 ( ) 1 1 r r q q q r q e e α α φ − − = − + − − (23) The partner potentials are ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 r eff r r r q q q q e V r r r q e e e α α α α α φ φ − + − − − ′= + = − + + − − − (24) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 r eff r r r q q q q e V r r r q e e e α α α α α φ φ − − − − − ′= − = − + − − − − (25) Equation (24) and (25) satisfies shape invariant condition. 3.1 CALCULATION OF GROUND STATE ENERGY The ground state energy can be calculated by solving associated Riccati equation. This equation is given as 2 0( ) ( ) ( )eff lr r V r Eφ φ′− = − % (26) Where 0lE% is the ground state energy. Substituting equation (20) and (25) into (26) and simplifying in decreasing order of exponent gives rise to three pairs of simultaneous equations 1 2 2 0 1 2 22lA E q q q q+ = + −% (27) 1 1 2 0 2 22 2 2 2lB A E q q q qα− − = − + −% (28) 2 0 2lE B q− =% (29) Solving the following simultaneous equations then 2 1 2 2 ( )q q q A B= ± + + (30) 2 21 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 A B q A B q q q q q α α   + + + + = − ⇒ =        (31) The ground state energy is calculated using equation (29) 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 l l A B q A B q E B E B q q α α   + + + + = + ⇒ − = − −        % % (32)
  • 6. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 32 3.2 CALULATION OF HIGHER ORDER SUPERSYMMETRIC ENERGY Using the condition of shape invariant, higher order supersymmetric energy can be calculated as using 1 ( )nl k k E R a ∞ − = = ∑ (33) Equation (33) satisfying shape invariant condition can be evaluated as follows 1 0 1 2 0 2 3 0 3 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )n n n R a R a R a R a R a R a R a R a R a R a R a R a− = − = − = − = − (34) Thus, there is one to one corresponding mapping as shown below. 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 : : : : : n n n q q a a a a n q a q a α α α + + + ⇒ ⇒ a a a a a (35) Therefore, using (35), equation (31) can be written as 22 2 2 01 2 2 1 0 22 2 2 A B qA B q q q q q αα    + ++ + = ⇒ =        (36) Using equation (34), the following evaluations is carried out 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 22 32 3 2 3 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 ( ) 2 2 2 2 ( ) 2 2 22 ( ) 2 2 2 2 ( ) 2 2 n nl k k n A B q A B q R a q q A B q A B q R a q q A B qA B q R a q q A B a A B a E R a a a α α α α αα α α∞ − =    + + + + = −          + + + + = −           + ++ + = −           + + + + = = −        ∑ (37)
  • 7. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 33 3.3 CALCULATION OF TOTAL ENERGY The total energy is the sum of the ground state energy and higher order supersymmetric energy. This is given as 0nl nl lE E E= +% % (38) Sometimes, the ground state energy can be negative (bound State condition) like in hydrogen atom which is about -13.6eV. Hence, equation (38) can in this manner be expressed as 0( )nl nl lE E E= + −% % (39) Substituting equation (32) and (37) into (39) gives 2 2 n nl n A B a E B a α  + +  = − +       % (40) Let’s recall equation (30) 2 2 1 2 2 1 2( ) ( ) , :q q q A B q A B qα α α= ± + + ⇒ = ± + + a If 1: , :n n na a n for q aα+a a Then ( )2 2 ( ) 1 ( )n na n A B a n A Bα α α α α = + ± + + ⇒ = + ± + +   (41) Substituting equation (18b) and equation (41) into (40) and simplifying gives the total energy as 2 2 2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 22 223 1 0 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 2 2 2 2 ( 1) 2 1 ( 1) 2 2 2 2 2 1 ( 1) ( 1) nl D v D v l l D n l l D v E D v n l l D l l D µχα µ χ µχα µ χ α α α χ χ µ χ µ χµχα µ χ α α χ α χα        + + − + + ± + + −         =− −      + ± + + −          + + + h h hh h h h h 0 (42) 2 D µ Equation (42) is the energy equation for Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential. However, because of the plus and minus accaompanied by the square root sign, equation (42) can be expressed as follows: 2 2 2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 22 223 1 0 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 2 2 2 2 ( 1) 2 1 ( 1) 2 2 2 2 2 1 ( 1) ( 1) nl D v D v l l D n l l D v E D v n l l D l l D µχα µ χ µχα µ χ α α α χ χ µ χ µ χµχα µ χ α α χ α χα        + + − + + + + + −         =− −      + + + + −          + + + h h hh h h h h 0 (43) 2 D µ
  • 8. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 34 2 2 2 2 23 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 22 223 1 0 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 2 2 2 2 ( 1) 2 1 ( 1) 2 2 2 2 2 1 ( 1) ( 1) nl D v D v l l D n l l D v E D v n l l D l l D µχα µ χ µχα µ χ α α α χ χ µ χ µ χµχα µ χ α α χ α χα        + + − + + − + + −         =− −      + − + + −          + + + h h hh h h h h 0 (44) 2 D µ 3.4 CALCULATION OF THE WAVE FUNCTION Furthermore, in order to calculate the radial wave function, we used the coordinate transformation 2 r s e α− = into equation (16) and obtained the following ( ) 20 1 0 3 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 3 0 3 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 3 1 0 1 2 2 ( 1) 2 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 ( 1) ( 1)1 (45) (1 ) (1 ) 4 4 4 4 4 ( 1) ( 1) 2 4 4 4 4 4 v l l D D E s s v D D l l D l l Dd R dR E s dr s s ds s s D D l l D l l D E χ χ µ α χ α χ χ χ µ α χ α χ χ µ α   + − + + −       −  + +  + + + + + + + −   − −    + +  − + + + −      h h h     The corresponding radial wave function is then given by ( ) 3 0 3 1 0 13 0 3 1 0 1 2 22 2 3 0 3 1 0 3 0 3 1 01 1 2 2 ( 1) ( 1) 2( 1) ( 1) 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 ( 1) ( 1)( 1) ( 1)2 2 1 2 , 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 ( ) (1 ) n D D l l D l l D ED D l l D l l D E r r nl n D D l l D D D l l Dl l D l l DE E R r N e e P χ χ µχ χ µ α α αα χ χ χ χµ µ α + ++ + − − + + + −+ + + −− −  + ++ + + + + + − + + + + −     = − × hh h ( ) 2 2 2 1 2 r e α α         −   − h (46) 4. NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE ENERGY EQUATION Using equation (43), we implement Fortran algorithm to compute for the energy of the equation in electron volt with various values of the screening parameter α . We use the following values for our computation. 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1.0, , 1.0, 1, 2, 1 12 V D Dµ χ χ χ= = = = = = − = =h .
  • 9. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 35 Bound State energy with 0.1α = for different quantum state n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = n l ( 0.1)nE eVα = 0 0 -1.81557810 0 1 -1.83414400 0 2 -1.87091950 0 3 -1.92523000 1 0 -1.39580210 1 1 -1.40959080 1 2 -1.43698190 1 3 -1.47761940 2 0 -1.18513580 2 1 -1.19601170 2 2 -1.21765080 2 3 -1.24983630 3 0 -1.05848570 3 1 -1.06744430 3 2 -1.08528610 3 3 -1.11186640 4 0 -0.97394794 4 1 -0.98155713 4 2 -0.99672174 4 3 -1.01933810 5 0 -0.91351247 5 1 -0.92012280 5 2 -0.93330324 5 3 -0.95297605 6 0 -0.86815786 6 1 -0.87399983 6 2 -0.88565266 6 3 -0.90305570 7 0 -0.83286536 7 1 -0.83809840 7 2 -0.84853950 7 3 -0.86414030 8 0 -0.80462086 8 1 -0.80935950 8 2 -0.81881640 8 3 -0.83295200 Table 1 Bound State energy with 0.2α = for different quantum state ( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα = ( 0.2)nE eVα = 0 0 -1.25588080 0 1 -1.29197690 0 2 -1.36170600 0 3 -1.46096090 1 0 -1.04142170 1 1 -1.06843020 1 2 -1.12113100 1 3 -1.19725980 2 0 -0.93265150 2 1 -0.95405185 2 2 -0.99604530 2 3 -1.05721940 3 0 -0.86688805 3 1 -0.88456786 3 2 -0.91938436 3 3 -0.97037660 4 0 -0.82283480 4 1 -0.83788250 4 2 -0.86758830 4 3 -0.91125740 5 0 -0.79126420 5 1 -0.80435646 5 2 -0.83024790 5 3 -0.86841345 6 0 -0.76752913 6 1 -0.77911305 6 2 -0.80205260 6 3 -0.83593720 7 0 -0.74903460 7 1 -0.75942045 7 2 -0.78000940 7 3 -0.81047153 8 0 -0.73421750 8 1 -0.74362910 8 2 -0.76230270 8 3 -0.78996754 Table 2 Bound State energy with 0.3α = for different quantum state ( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα = ( 0.3)nE eVα = 0 0 -1.11232240 0 1 -1.16417930 0 2 -1.26113510 0 3 -1.39352740 1 0 -0.96447120 1 1 -1.00370690 1 2 -1.07845380 1 3 -1.18307350 2 0 -0.88827163 2 1 -0.91957426 2 2 -0.97985350 2 3 -1.06547440 3 0 -0.84179723 3 1 -0.86777450 3 2 -0.91814520 3 3 -0.99038374 4 0 -0.81049335 4 1 -0.83267320 4 2 -0.87588680 4 3 -0.93828130 5 0 -0.78797410 5 1 -0.80731654 5 2 -0.84513450 5 3 -0.90001200 6 0 -0.77099670 6 1 -0.78814130 6 2 -0.82175210 6 3 -0.87071250 7 0 -0.75773966 7 1 -0.77313274 7 2 -0.80337375 7 3 -0.84755990 8 0 -0.74710070 8 1 -0.76106584 8 2 -0.78854835 8 3 -0.8288036 Table 3 n l n l n l n l n l n l n l n l
  • 10. International Journal of Recent adv Bound State energy with ( 0.4)nE eVα = 0 0 -1.07219960 0 1 1 0 -0.95648575 1 1 2 0 -0.89565750 2 1 3 0 -0.85815040 3 1 4 0 -0.83271027 4 1 5 0 -0.81432050 5 1 6 0 -0.80040705 6 1 7 0 -0.78951290 7 1 8 0 -0.78075130 8 1 Bound State energy with ( 0.5)nE eVα = 0 0 -1.07287570 0 1 1 0 -0.97570810 1 1 2 0 -0.92349565 2 1 3 0 -0.89090130 3 1 4 0 -0.86861694 4 1 5 0 -0.85241880 5 1 6 0 -0.84011304 6 1 7 0 -0.83044730 7 1 8 0 -0.82265410 8 1 Figure 1: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with n l n l n l n l International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 Bound State energy with 0.4α = for different quantum state ( 0.4)nE eVα = ( 0.4)nE eVα = ( 0.4)nE eVα -1.13772730 0 2 -1.25619530 0 3 -1.41204810 -1.00673560 1 2 -1.10005060 1 3 -1.22680750 -0.93608590 2 2 -1.01235960 2 3 -1.11805080 -0.89188860 3 2 -0.95620050 3 3 -1.04651460 -0.86163010 4 2 -0.91715777 4 3 -0.99588360 -0.83961457 5 2 -0.88844097 5 3 -0.95816210 -0.82287750 6 2 -0.86643210 6 3 -0.92897120 -0.80972373 7 2 -0.84902660 7 3 -0.90571094 -0.79911387 8 2 -0.83491695 8 3 -0.88674080 Table 4 Bound State energy with 0.5α = for different quantum state ( 0.5)nE eVα = ( 0.5)nE eVα = ( 0.5)nE eVα -1.15000000 0 2 -1.28518370 0 3 -1.45766960 -1.03571430 1 2 -1.14444880 1 3 -1.28834840 -0.97222220 2 2 -1.06231940 2 3 -1.18440910 -0.93181820 3 2 -1.00849700 3 3 -1.11411000 -0.90384614 4 2 -0.97049820 4 3 -1.06339450 -0.88333330 5 2 -0.94223930 5 3 -1.02507970 -0.86764705 6 2 -0.92040080 6 3 -0.99511280 -0.85526310 7 2 -0.90301790 7 3 -0.97103360 -0.84523810 8 2 -0.88885320 8 3 -0.95126210 Table 5 Figure 1: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with α = n l n l n l n l ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 36 ( 0.4)E eVα = 1.41204810 1.22680750 1.11805080 1.04651460 0.99588360 0.95816210 0.92897120 0.90571094 0.88674080 ( 0.5)E eVα = 1.45766960 1.28834840 1.18440910 1.11411000 1.06339450 1.02507970 0.99511280 0.97103360 0.95126210 0.1= .
  • 11. International Journal of Recent adv Figure 2:The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with Figure 3: The graph of energy Figure 4: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state with International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 Figure 2:The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα = Figure 3: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα = Figure 4: The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα = ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 37 0.2= . 0.3= . 0.4= .
  • 12. International Journal of Recent adv Figure 5. : The graph of energy against the distance for CONCLUSION We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen energy and the wave function. The result shows that the energy is negativ state condition and increases with an increase in quantum as shown in tables (1 graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the value of α increases. This can be shown from figures (1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use to improve the article. REFERENCES [1] OkonI.B , Ituen E.E, .Popoola O.O and Antia A.D.(2013), Equation with Mie-Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent Advances In Physics, Vol.2, No.2, pp1 [2] Okon I.B, Isonguyo C.N, Ituen, E.E and Ikot A.N. (2014), “Energy Spectrum for Molecules with Generalized Manning (SUSY)”. Conference proceedings of Nigerian Institute of Physics, 2014. [3] Okon I. B, Popoola O.O and Isonguyo. C.N (2014), “Exact Bound state Woods-Saxon plus modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional Nikiforov International Journal of Recent Advances in Physics Vol. 3, No.4. [4] Okon I.B and Popoola. O.O.(2015) ,”Bound state solution of Schrodinger e plus generalised exponential coulomb potential using Nikiforov Journal of Recent Advances in Physics. Vol.4, No.3.Doi:10.14810/ijrap.2015.4301. [5] Isonguyo C. N, Okon, I. B and Ikot A. N (2013), “Semi Hellmann potential using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics”, Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics (NAMP Journal). Vol.25, No. 2, pp121-126. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 Figure 5. : The graph of energy against the distance for different quantum state withα We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen energy and the wave function. The result shows that the energy is negative to ascertain bound state condition and increases with an increase in quantum as shown in tables (1-5). The energy graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the This can be shown from figures (1-5). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use OkonI.B , Ituen E.E, .Popoola O.O and Antia A.D.(2013), “Analytical Solutions of Schrodinger Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent Advances In Physics, Vol.2, No.2, pp1-7 . I.B, Isonguyo C.N, Ituen, E.E and Ikot A.N. (2014), “Energy Spectrum for Some Diatomic Molecules with Generalized Manning-Rosen Potential Using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY)”. Conference proceedings of Nigerian Institute of Physics, 2014. Okon I. B, Popoola O.O and Isonguyo. C.N (2014), “Exact Bound state Solution of q Saxon plus modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov Method”, International Journal of Recent Advances in Physics Vol. 3, No.4. Okon I.B and Popoola. O.O.(2015) ,”Bound state solution of Schrodinger equation with Hulthen plus generalised exponential coulomb potential using Nikiforov-Uvarov method”, International Journal of Recent Advances in Physics. Vol.4, No.3.Doi:10.14810/ijrap.2015.4301. Isonguyo C. N, Okon, I. B and Ikot A. N (2013), “Semi-relativistic treatment of Hellmann potential using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics”, Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics (NAMP Journal). Vol.25, No. 2, ances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 38 0.5α = . We used supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach to obtained bound state solution to Hylleraas plus inversely quadratic potential using Schrodinger equation. We also obtained eigen e to ascertain bound 5). The energy graphical spectrum shows that the interspacing within the quantum state is more pronounce the We are deeply grateful to the referees for their useful comments which we have significantly use “Analytical Solutions of Schrodinger Type Potential Using Factorisation Method”, International Journal of Recent Some Diatomic Rosen Potential Using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics Solution of q-deformed Uvarov Method”, quation with Hulthen Uvarov method”, International
  • 13. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.4, No.4, November 2015 39 [6] Isonguyo, C. N , . Okon I.B, Ikot A.N and Hassanabadi H. (2014) , “Solution of Klein-Gordon Equation for some diatomic molecules with New Generalised Morse-like potential Using SUSYQM”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2014, Vol. 35, No. 12 3443 http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.12.3443 [7] Nikiforov A.F, Uvarov V. B (1988) , “ Special Functions of Mathematical Physics,”, Birkhauser, Bassel [8] Dong S.H., Factorization Method in Quantum Mechanics. (2007). Springer-Verlag, Berlin [9] Ikhdair S. M. and Sever R.( 2007). “A perturbative treatment for the bound states of the Hellmann potential”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 809, no. 1–3, pp. 103–113 [10] Berkdemir C., Berkdemir A. and Sever R. ( 2006) “ Systematical approach to the exact solution of the Dirac equation for a deformed form of the Woods-Saxon potential”, Journal of Physics A, vol. 39, no. 43, pp. 13455–13463. [11] Fl¨ugge S., Practical Quantum Mechanics, Springer- Verlag, Berlin (1994). [12] R. Dutt R., Chowdhury. K and Varshni,Y.P (1985), “An improved calculation foscreened Coulomb potentials in Rayleigh-Schrodinger”, perturbation theory. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. vol. 18, pp1379– 1388 . [13] Ikhdair S. M andSever R .(2007) , “An alternative simple solution of the sextic anharmonic oscillator and perturbed coulomb problems,” International Journal of Modern Physics C, vol. 18, No10, pp1571. [14] Oyewumi K.J, Akinpelu O.E and Agboola A.D (2008) “Exactly Complete Solutions of the Pseudoharmonic Potential in N-Dimensions,” International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 1039-1057(2008) doi:10.1007/s10773-007-9532-x. [15] Hassanabadi H., Zarrinkamar S. and Rajabi A.A. (2011) “Exact solutions of D-dimensional schrödinger equation for an energy-dependent potential by NU method” Commun. Theor. Phys. Vol. 55, pp 541. [16] Ikot A.N, Antia A.D, Akpabio, L.E and Obu, A. J (2011), “Analytic Solutions of Schrodinger Equation with Two-Dimensional Harmonic Potential in Cartesian and Polar Coordinates via Nikiforov-Uvarov Method”, Journal of Vectorial Relativity, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 65-76. [17] Greene R. L and Aldrich C. (1976). “Variational wave functions for a screened Coulomb potential”, Physical Review A, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 2363–2366. pp1-7. [18] Bera P.K(2012) ” The exact solutions for the interaction 2 2 2 ( ) d d V r r rα β− − = − by Nikiforov- Uvarov method” Pramana-J. Phys Vol. 78, pp667. [19] Ikhdair S. M. and Sever R. ( 2011). “Relativistic and nonrelativistic bound states of the isotonic oscillator by Nikiforov-Uvarov method,” Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 52, no. 12, article 122108. [20] Fakhri H., Sadeghi J (2004) “Supersymmetry approaches to the bound states of the generalized Woods-Saxon potential” Mod. Phys. Lett. A Vol. 19, pp615-625. [21] Khounfais K., Boudjedaa T. and Chetouani L (2004), “Scattering matrix for Feshbach- Villars equation for spin 0 and 1/2: Woods-Saxon potential” ,Czech. J. Phys. Vol.54, pp697-792. [22] Ikot A.N, Awoga O. A. Akpabio, L. E and Antia A. D (2011 ) “ Exact Solutions of Schrodinger equation with Woods-Saxon Plus Rosen-Morse Potential” , Elixir vib. Spec.Vol. 2011, pp2303- 2307.