5. With increasing demand for food
and limiting resources...
we need better and more
efficient ways to produce
food
one option is through
Biotechnology
7. Biotechnology
- any technique that uses whole or part
of a living thing to make new
products, improve or develop plants,
animals and other organisms for
specific use
8. GE of animals
GE of animals GE of plants
GE to improve
GE to develop animal
GE to develop animal microorganisms
vaccines
vaccines
Recombinant DNA
GE of biocontrol
GE of biocontrol for disease
agents against plant
agents against plant diagnostics
pest & diseases
pest & diseases
Monoclonal anti
Plant protoplast
Plant protoplast body production
fusion
fusion
Plant tissue culture
Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer
Fermentation, Biofertilizers
18. Conventional Breeding Genetic Engineering
• limited to exchanges between • allows the direct transfer of
the same or very closely one or just a few genes,
related species between either closely or
• little or no guarantee of distantly related organisms
obtaining any particular gene
• crop improvement can be
combination from the millions
achieved in a shorter time
of crosses generated
compared to conventional
• undesirable genes can be
breeding
transferred along with
desirable genes
• take a long time to achieve
desired results
21. Commercialization
• Corn resistant to Asiatic corn
borer
Field Test
• Rice resistant to bacterial blight
• Corn resistant to Asiatic corn
borer
22. Organic agriculture and GMO’s
• GM crops contribute to a reduction in fuel use due to less-frequent
herbicide or insecticide applications and a reduction in the energy use
in soil cultivation. Reduced soil cultivation is associated with
herbicide tolerant crops.
23. Greenhouse
• Papaya with delayed ripening trait
• Papaya resistant to ringspot virus
Laboratory
• Mango with delayed ripening trait
• Rice resistant to tungro virus
• Vitamin A-enriched rice
• Banana resistant to bunchy top
disease
• Coconut with higher amount of
MCTs
• Sweet potato resistant to feathery
mottle virus
25. • Bt corn had no adverse effect on fungal micro flora and showed no insect damage. Under warm and
dry environment that is highly favorable for aflatoxin production, Bt corn had reduced aflatoxin
content as compared with it s non-Bt corn counterparts .
27. Rolando de la Cruz:Curing cancer with cashew nuts
extract
• “KAPAG tumunog ang gunting, pera na.” From shoeshine boy,
dishwasher, barber to world-class inventor. This was the route
taken by Rolando de la Cruz, the man who discovered a non-
surgical treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most
common type of skin cancer in the world. He is now the main man
of RCC Amazing Touch, the company that markets a cream
found to be efficacious in treating BCC.
Allow me to discuss with you a field in science that provides viable options to further improve Philippine agriculture. This field is called Biotechnology
Why do we need to improve agriculture? In 20 years, world population is expected to increase by 25%. In 2020, there will be 122 M Filipinos. This means we will need more shelter, clothing and more food on the table.
Current food production will not be enough to feed this population. For cereals alone, the Food and Agriculture Organization says that world production should increase to _(figure)_ by year 2020. The Philippines faces the same dilemma. We need to increase our rice production to 18 M tons or by 40%.
However, agricultural resources are fast becoming scarce because of deforestation, overgrazing, and land conversion to industrial and residential uses.
Thus, with the increasing demand for food coupled with the limiting resources, we need better and more efficient ways to produce food. Biotechnology is a viable alternative.
What is biotechnology? The word comes from two root words which we are very familiar with; bio which means life, and technology which refers to any technique or procedure that results to the development of new products.
The most accepted and common definition of biotechnology is: any technique that uses part of a living thing to make new products, improve or develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use.
Biotechnology has been with us for a long time. Man has been using this technique to plants, animals and microorganisms to develop products. The ladder shows the different types of biotechnology activities in agriculture ranging from the traditional to more sophisticated techniques. Traditional biotechnology includes fermentation to produce common products such as vinegar, soy sauce and wine. Biopesticides, biofertilizers, tissue cultured plants, and diagnostic kits are products of traditional biotechnology. Modern biotechnology, on the other hand, uses tools like genetic engineering to produce improved vaccines, organisms, plants and animals.
Aside from its applications in agriculture, biotechnology is also commonly used in medicine. Products available in the market are insulin for diabetes, interferon for treating cancer and Hepatitis B vaccine.
How can biotechnology be applied to have a cleaner environment? Through biotechnology, microorganisms are used to degrade toxic wastes into harmless products.
We are more familiar to biotechnology applications to agriculture. Let us discuss first food biotechnology. It is used to improve food quality and food processing to produce better tasting food, clearer juices and cleaner food. Examples of this are the development of better tasting and higher quality food through the use of artificial flavorings, extenders and additional food ingredients such as omega-3 in tunas and vitamin A in noodles.
We are more familiar to biotechnology applications to agriculture. Let us discuss first food biotechnology. It is used to improve food quality and food processing to produce better tasting food, clearer juices and cleaner food. Examples of this are the development of better tasting and higher quality food through the use of artificial flavorings, extenders and additional food ingredients such as omega-3 in tunas and vitamin A in noodles.
Through animal biotechnology, we now have improved livestock and poultry with leaner meat and higher milk production.
Another application of biotechnology in agriculture is the development of improved vegetables, fruits, fibers and cereals. For instance, through tissue culture are able to mass produce planting materials. Higher yielding and more resistant varieties are also made available.
More recently, a new generation of improved crops are developed through genetic engineering. Looking back at the scope of biotechnology, genetic engineering is part of its modern and sophisticated application. It is a technique that transfers a gene or genes of interest to develop and improve plants, animals and other organisms.
But what is a gene? It is the one responsible for the expression of a particular trait like the height of plants. That’s why there are short plants, and there are tall plants.
Through genetic engineering, the gene controlling the expression of a short plant can be transferred into a tall but high yielding plant. The resulting plant will now be a short type but with high yield. can now produce a flower with red and white-colored petals.
Now, what are genetically modified organisms or GMOs? These are products developed through genetic engineering and are also known as transgenic crops. Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt corn is an example of a GMO. It is a new type of corn with Bt gene that controls corn borer, a very destructive pest. Planting Bt corn results to higher yield, less exposure to and application of pesticides like Furadan, lower farm inputs, and cleaner grains. Thus Bt corn is a better option for our farmers.
The Philippines approved the commercial planting of Bt corn last year. Field testing of transgenic rice resistant to bacterial blight and corn resistant to the Asiatic corn borer is ongoing.
Also, there are green house experiments on papaya. Laboratory experiments are being done on mango, rice, banana, and coconut.