Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries
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Jef Leroy SPECIAL EVENT Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health MAY 17, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
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Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries
- 1. Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries Jef Leroy Washington, DC May 16, 2019
- 2. Urban diets are changing • Poor-quality diets drive all forms of malnutrition • “Nutrition transition” faster in urban than rural areas • Traditional diets consisting of coarse grains, staple cereals, and pulses → diets high in sugar, salt, saturated fat • Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods NUTRITIONAL STATUS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 China Malaysia Philippines Thailand India Grams/person/day Sales of ultraprocessed foods (2005 to 2017) 2005 2017 Source: Barry Popkin, Euromonitor
- 3. Urban diets are changing • Poor-quality diets drive all forms of malnutrition • “Nutrition transition” faster in urban than rural areas • Traditional diets consisting of coarse grains, staple cereals, and pulses → diets high in sugar, salt, saturated fat • Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods NUTRITIONAL STATUS Cell Metabolism, 2019
- 4. What shapes urban diets?
- 5. IFPRI’s urban research program will focus on the drivers of urban diets: • Consumer and household • Food environment • Food system What shapes urban diets?
- 6. Individual and household factors shape diets of the urban poor
- 7. Individual and household factors shape diets of the urban poor • Urban dwellers purchase most of their food: • Livelihoods often depend on unstable employment • Less access to social safety nets (compared to rural counterparts), leaving the poor vulnerable to shocks. • Women engaged in the workforce with limited childcare options • Time constraints and limited access to cooking facilities: • Convenience of processed and ultra-processed ready-to-eat snacks and foods, street foods, and quick meals • Risk of overconsumption of energy, added sugar, and salt
- 8. Urban diets are inextricably linked to the food environment
- 9. Urban diets depend on the food environment • Urban dwellers generally have access to a more diverse food supply than individuals in rural areas, but… • …are exposed to • energy-dense and nutrient-poor ultra-processed foods • aggressive marketing of ultra-processed foods • modernizing food retail sector, accelerated spread of supermarkets
- 10. The urban food environment is part of the food system
- 11. The urban food environment is part of the food system • Food environment is “interface” between the consumer and the food system • Increases in trade and globalization have changed the urban food system
- 12. Addressing the urban poor’s nutrition problems requires better evidence IFPRI’s urban research program seeks to generate better evidence on… • Diets • What do poor urban dwellers eat? • What are the drivers of healthy and unhealthy food choices? • Food environments • How healthy is the food environment? • How does it affect food choice? ? … to inform policies and programs aimed at improving the diets, nutrition and health of the urban poor.