Agbetiameh Daniel and Titilayo Falade WEBINAR Catalyzing the Use of Aflatoxin Control Technologies in Kenya and Ghana NOV 26, 2019 - 09:00 AM TO 11:00 AM EST

1. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization. www.iita.org | www.cgiar.org
Catalyzing the use of
aflatoxin control
technologies in Ghana:
Aflasafe evidence and
availability
Agbetiameh Daniel and Titilayo Falade
On behalf of the Aflasafe Team
26 Nov., 2019

2. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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• The problem
• Rationale
• Aflasafe product development
• Product efficacy & registration
• Product launch & availability
• Commercial usage
Outline

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Aflatoxin prevalence in Ghana
Maize: 238 ppb
Groundnut: 216 ppb
Sorghum: 80 ppb
Primary produce
• Tom Brown: 104 ppb
• Uni-Mix: 294 ppb
• Weanimix: 145 ppb
• Kulikuli: 77 ppb
• Ice kenkey: 22 ppb
Processed food products
• Groundnut paste: 3,278 ppb
• Groundnut sauce: 943 ppb
• Maize dough: 313 ppb
• Kenkey: 524 ppb
Processed food products
GSA standards
Maize: 15 ppb
Groundnut: 10 ppb
Sorghum: 10 ppb
Groundnut paste: 4 ppb

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Location Subject Sample
Aflatoxin levels:
Incidence (Mean/Range)
Reference
Accra Pregnant women
(n=264)
Infants at Birth
(n=188)
Breast milk
Cord blood
34% (20 - 1,816 ng/l)
34% (34 - 7,320 ng/l)
Lamplugh et al. (1988)
Kumasi Pregnant women
(n=755)
Blood 100% (11 pg/mg)
Shuaib et al. (2010)
Ejura-
Sekyeredumasi
Children (n=28)
Adults (n=64)
Urine
Blood
100% (925 pg/mg)
100% (0.3 – 2.3 pmol/mg) Kumi et al. (2015)
Jiang et al. (2005)
Country Findings (correlation) Reference
Ghana Low infant birth weight, still birth and pre-term babies, stunting,
immune suppression, poor liver function, liver cancer.
Afum et al. (2016);
Jolly et al. (2013);
Shuaib et al. (2012;
2010); Apeagyei et
al. (1986)
Exposure among Ghanaians

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Rationale
 Awareness
 Resistant varieties
 Biological control
 Timely harvest
 Rapid grain drying
 Storage structure
 Sorting & processing
 Insect control

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 Awareness
 Resistant varieties
 Biological control
 Timely harvest
 Rapid grain drying
 Storage structure
 Sorting & processing
 Insect control
Rationale

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Crops always become associated
with Aspergillus fungi
1 – >1,000,000
Propagules / g
Aspergillus and crops
Aflatoxin content range (ppb)
0 – 20
21 – >20,000

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0
20
40
60
80
100
Natural Biocontrol
Frequency(%)
ATOXIGENIC
TOXIGENIC
Rationale

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• Search for atoxigenic strains native to
Ghana
• 905 atoxigenic strains were identified
• Four superior strains, highly adapted,
were selected to composed the
biocontrol product Aflasafe GH02
Aflasafe product development for Ghana

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Product efficacy & registration in Ghana
Efficacy trials
Region Treatment
Total aflatoxin concentration (ppb)
Groundnut Maize
Mean % Reduction Mean % Reduction
Ashanti Control 352 96 8 100
Treated 15 0
Brong Ahafo Control 81 99 12 100
Treated 1 0
Northern Control 199 100 238 100
Treated 0 0
Upper East Control 200 100 122 100
Treated 0 0
Upper West Control 939 100 301 98
Treated 0 6
April 2018
Summary of >4
years of research
200 maize,
groundnut fields

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Product launch in Ghana

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Aflasafe availability in Ghana
Technology Transfer partner identified:
Macro Fertil Ghana Ltd.
• Main distributor of Aflasafe in Ghana
• Imported 20 MT of Aflasafe to Ghana in 2018

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Distributor points in Ghana
Region Location Dealer Contact
Brong Ahafo Techiman Waaf Agro 0208124864
Brong Ahafo Techiman Thommy Agro 0244774631
Brong Ahafo Nkoranza Francis Tawiah 0244417164
Ashanti Kumasi Sam Ankoma 0556678049
Ashanti Mampong Kyeiwaa Agro 0203474916
Ashanti Kumasi Jonafred Ent. 0244812832
Volta Hohoe Greenshield Agro 0244276368
Eastern Koforidua Jedis 0244880417
Northern Tamale Ganorma Agro 0244845995
Upper West Wa Big Ajar 0244607068
Upper West Wa 18th April 0244825276
Retail price @ GHS 8.00/kg
Application rate @ 4 kg/acre

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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Maize Groundnut Sorghum
Aflatoxin(ppb)
Treated
Control
n=23
n=5
n=5
Fig. 1. Mean aflatoxin levels in grains at harvest from Aflasafe GH02 treated and
control fields in Ghana.
Commercial usage: 2018 cropping season

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0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
Groundnut Sorghum
Aflatoxin(ppb)
Treated
Control
n = 6
n = 19
Commercial usage: 2019 cropping season
Fig. 2. Mean aflatoxin levels in grains at harvest from Aflasafe GH02 treated and
control fields in Ghana.

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Made Possible by Many Other National Partners in Ministries, and on the Farm
Acknowledgements

17. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
www.iita.org | www.cgiar.orgwww.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium Date: 02 – May - 2013