Kebijakan peredaran pakan ikan KKP dan tambahan info tentang pengolahan bahan baku

1. Oleh :
Direktur Pakan
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya
Apresiasi Petugas Pengambil Contoh (PPC) Pakan Ikan Tahun 2016
Hotel Grand Aquila, Bandung

2. Program
Peningkatan
Produksi Perikanan
Budidaya
Dilakukan dengan
Ekstensifikasi dan Intensifikasi
yang perlu didukung oleh
ketersedian sarana dimana
salah satunya adalah pakan

3. • Penduduk semakin
bertambah 9.3 M
(2050)
• Lahan pangan terdesak
• Air bersih bersaing
dengan Industri dan
pertanian pangan
• Limbah Industri dan
pestisida merusak
kualitas air
1. Protein adalah
KUALITAS sebuah
bangsa
2. Karbohidrat adalah
TENAGA SESAAT
sebuah bangsa
3. Kalsium adalah
PERTUMBUHAN
sebuah bangsa
3

4. FEED CONVERSION
RATIO

5. MALNUTRITION - SEBAGAI MASALAH GLOBAL
0" 10" 20" 30" 40" 50"
54.0"
74.0"
71.0"
91.0"
115.0"
141.0"
90.0"
127.0"
"
61.0"
139.0"
185.0"
126.0"
326.0"
263.0"
291.0"
122.0"
150.0"
"
"
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Protein""""""""""Fat"""""""""""kcal/100g"!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!
!
THE"FOOD"DILEMA"
0" 10" 20" 30" 40" 50"
54.0"
74.0"
71.0"
91.0"
115.0"
141.0"
90.0"
127.0"
"
61.0"
139.0"
185.0"
126.0"
326.0"
263.0"
291.0"
122.0"
150.0"
"
"
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Protein""""""""""Fat"""""""""""kcal/100g"!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!
!
THE"FOOD"DILEMA"
AQUACULTURE
ADALAH BIDANG PRODUKSI PANGAN
TERPESAT DI DUNIA DALAM 30 TAHUN
TERAKHIR AKAN MENYEDIAKAN :
high quality protein & essential fatty acids,
minerals & vitamins

6. JAPAN USA
Calories (kcal/day) 2,719 3,639 +++
Animal protein (g/day) 49.1 70.7 +++
Animal fats (g/day) 33.9 68.3 +++
Terrestrial meat (kg/year) 48.8 117.6 +++
Fish & seafood (kg/year) 53.7 +++ 21.6
Aquatic animal fat (g/day) 6.14 +++ 1.42
Aquatic plants (kg/year) 0.99 +++ 0
Per capita food supply in Japan & USA
(FAO Food Balance Sheets, 2016)
it is not by chance that Japan, the country with the highest reported life expectancy and
with one of the world’s lowest incidences of obesity & deaths from heart related
illnesses, is also one of the worlds top consumer of aquatic animal products & farmed
aquatic plants: comparison made with the USA

7. JAPAN USA INDONESIA WORLD
Calories (kcal/day) 2,719 3,639 +++ 2,712 2,870
Animal protein (g/day) 49.1 70.7 +++ 17.4 31.8
Animal fats (g/day) 33.9 68.3 +++ 10.5 37.0
Terrestrial meat (kg/year) 48.8 117.6 +++ 12.9 42.4
Fish & seafood (kg/year) 53.7 +++ 21.6 28.9 ++ * 18.9
Aquatic animal fat (g/day) 6.14 +++ 1.42 1.94 + 1.2
Aquatic plants (kg/year) 0.99 +++ 0 0 1.9 (to check)
Fish/seafood (g protein/d) 18.6 5.2 9.6 + 5.2
Fish/Animal protein (%) 38.0 7.4 54.8 +++ 16.4
Per capita food supply in Japan, USA & Indonesia
(FAO Food Balance Sheets, 2016)
* In 2014 Indonesia produced 8.44 Mt of aquatic meat (60:40 from capture:aquaculture, w/w)

8. Tingkat Konsumsi Protein Ikan Dunia

10. Posisi Indonesia

11. Kebutuhan Ikan dan PAKAN
• Penduduk INDONESIA 250 juta jiwa
• Peningkatan ikan seharusnya 10 kg /kapita agar dapat
mengejar Malaysia (jauh dari Jepang)
• Dibutuhkan 2.500 juta kg = 2.5 juta ton ikan
• Bila hanya dihitung daging ikannya maka kebutuhan = 7.5
juta ton ikan utuh
• Pakan dibutuhkan 2.5 juta ton x 1.2 = 3 juta ton
11

12. KONTRADIKSI DAN SOLUSI
12

13. PERHITUNGAN SIMPEL
• FCR PAKAN 1 : 1
• IKAN 1 : PAKAN 1
• 70% AIR : 15 % AIR
• 30 % BIOMASSA KERING : 85 % PAKAN
KERING
• 55 % menjadi TANAH (MINERAL)

14. MASALAH LIMBAH PAKAN
• Bentuknya masih kompleks (Kulit bambu vs nasi)
• Tidak dicerna ikan (Lignin, Selulosa)
• Tidak dicerna oleh mikroba setempat dengan cepat
• Tidak cukup cepat dicerna oleh mikroba aerobik
• Sedang dicerna oleh Mikroba Anaerobik

15. INGAT !!!!!!
• KEBUTUHAN IKAN MINIMAL 2.5 JUTA TON
• DANAU TOBA 75.000 TON
• PRODUKTIVITAS PERAIRAN ALAMI 400 KG/
HA/ TAHUN

16. KUNCINYA: PENGOLAHAN
BAHAN BAKU PAKAN

17. Indonesia masih
mengimpor 50-80%
bahan baku pakan
Sementera pangan
dan limbah pangan
lokal sangat
terpengaruh oleh
harga internasional
dan perubahan nilai
mata uang .

18. Feed Ingredient
Sources
Local (%) Imported (%)
Corn/Maize
Fish meal
MBM/PBM
Soybean meal
Rapeseed meal
Corn gluten meal/DDGS
Feed additives/AA/vits/mins
Rice bran
Copra meal
Palm kernel meal
CPO
90-95
5-10
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
5-10
90-95
100
100
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
Source: Adapted from the Indonesian Feed Millers Association (GPMT)
Sources of some feed ingredients commonly used in animal feeds in Indonesia
Inclusion
level usually
quite low
Potential
competition
with humans

19. Bahan Pakan Formula
Bahan Baku (%)
Bahan Pakan Formula
Bahan Baku (%)
Local Import Local Import
Fish Meals 10% 90 10 Fish Meals 20% 30 70
Meat Bone Meals 15% 0 100 Meat Bone Meals 10% 0 100
Poultry Meat Meals 5% 0 100 Shrimp Meals 3% 10 90
Soya Bean Meals 20% 0 100 Squid Meals 5% 0 100
Corn Gluten Meals 10% 0 100 CGM 7% 0 100
Wheat Flours 10% 70 30 Wheat Flours 30% 30 70
Rice Bran/Dedak 10% 100 0 Attractant 2% 0 100
Fish Oil 5% 10 90 Fish & Squid Oils 5% 10 90
CPO 5% 100 0 Canola/Soya oils/CPO 3% 20 80
Vit & Minerals 5% 0 100 Vit & Minerals 5% 0 100
Others & DDGS 5% 20 80 Others & DDGS 10% 20 80
Komposisi Total 100% 35 65 Komposisi Total 100% 11 89
Pakan IKAN - Fish Feed Pakan UDANG - Shrimp Feed
Indonesia – fish and shrimp feed formulation – use of imported feed ingredients
(GPMT data 2016)

20. 86,953,434
48,871,473
37,320,546
2013 2014 2015*)
Nilai(USD)
Tahun
Nilai (USD) Impor Tepung Ikan 2011-2015
65,434
38,296
26,338
2013 2014 2015*)
Volume(ton)
Tahun
Volume (ton) Impor Tepung Ikan 2011-
2015
GAMBARAN IMPOR TEPUNG
IKAN TAHUN 2013-2015

21. • Pasokan tepung ikan tetap atau
menurun , produksi pakan akan
meningkat .
• Pengguna tepung ikan terbesar
adalah akuakultur . (“Fishmeal
Trap”)
• Perlunya protein alternatif
namun waspada pada zat anti-
nutrisi.

22. Isu Fishmeal dunia
• Environmental Concerns
• Buruknya perhitungan
di pabrik kecil
• Social Concerns
• Perbudakan pada
industri penangkapan
• Cost
• Harga Tp Ikan naik 3
kali lipat dalam 10
tahun terakhir

23. Bila butuh tambahan produksi 2.5 juta ton ikan
Skenario Pengadaan Tepung Ikan Tambahan (Ton)
2019 2018 2017 2016
Prod Ikan (ton) 2,500,000 1,875,000 1,000,000 250,000
FCR Pakan 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Keb Pakan 3,000,000 2,250,000 1,200,000 300,000
Ratio Tp Ikan 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Jumlah Tp I 210,000 157,500 84,000 21,000
Ratio basah 55% 55% 55% 55%
Jumlah Ikan
basah 381,818 286,364 152,727 38,182
23

24. Skenario Titik Pemasok Tepung Ikan
Tahun 2019 2018 2017 2016
Keb Ikan (ton) 381,818 286,364 152,727 38,182
Prod ikan/
pelabuhan (ton) 2 2 2 2
Hari/ tahun 200 200 200 200
Ton/ tahun 400 400 400 400
Jumlah Pelabuhan 955 716 382 95
Jumlah Provinsi 33 33 33 33
Titik/ Provinsi 29 22 12 3
24

25. Teknologi Pengolahan Tepung Ikan
Ikan dipotong atau
digiling daging
Ikan dikukus/ direbus
diatas bak stainless steel
Ikan dipress, ampass
nya dijemur 1- 2 hari
Cairan dipisah sebagai
pupuk dan minyak
Minyak ikan di tambah
Vit E
Ikan kering sebagai
calon tepung ikan
Ikan kecil/ ikan
besar dipotong
Ikan dikeringkan di
para para
Ikan direndam air
garam dan
dieringkan kembali

26. Cara 3 dan Cara 4
Kukus/ masak
kemudian di press
Tambah tepung
jagung 1: 1
Tambah ragi
Fermentasi 2 – 14 hari
Disaring berupa pasta
pisah dari tulang
Siap ditambah Katul
Ikan di kukus
dan dipress
jemur setengah
kering
Tambah dedak
dan molases 5%
Tambah tepung
jagung 5%
fermentasi

27. Teknologi Silase (tidak berbau)
Bahan Baku Utama
• Asam Propionat
• Asam Formiat
• Penggunaan asam
3% 1: 1 (w – v)
• 5 hari siap dipakai
sebagai bubur ikan
• Cairan di permukaan
di keluarkan
Ikan kecil/ ikan besar
dipotong
Ikan dimaskkan ke
dalam drum biru
Ikan diberi Carian
asam 3 % 1: 1 (W : V)
Setiap hari diaduk 2
kali
CAIRAN DIPISAHKAN
DARI SILASE IKAN

28. Wood vats line the Khai Hoan fish sauce factory, where the fish are fermented

29. PRODUKSI LUMBRICUS (ORGANIK)

30. Indonesia’s Top Agricultural Crops - 2014
Oil palm, fruit 126,591,790 tonnes – Palm Kernel Meal, CPO
Rice, paddy 70,846,465 tonnes – Rice bran
Sugar cane 28,600,000 tonnes
Cassava 23,436,384 tonnes
Maize/corn 19,008,426 tonnes
Coconuts 19,102,130 tonnes – Copra meal
FAOSTAT – Indonesia Food Balance Sheet

31. Masalah yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan bahan baku
pakan lokal
 Kandungan protein yang rendah PKM, bungkil kopra & bekatuln
(12-22% CP);
 Kandungan serta kasar yang tinggi (12-20% CF);
 Kandungan lemak yang bervariasi (1-12% EE);
 Oksidasi dan ketengikan pada bahan yang mengandung lemak ;
 Adanya bahan anti nutrisi ;
 Redahnya kualitas sisa pangan karena kelembaban dan
kontaminasi mycotoxin ;
 Kemungkinan pemncamuran oleh pedagang

32. Apakan harus melalui Produksi
Maggot (black Soldier)
• PKM 3.2 – 4.9 juta ton
• Konversi 0.3 = 1 juta ton
• Protein sudah cukup tinggi
23-28 %
• Masalah: PKM diekspor
India, China, Eropa, New
Zealand

33. Feedipedia - Animal Feed Resources Information System - INRA CIRAD AFZ and FAO
Bungkil inti sawit
Palm kernel meal & by-products
CP EE CF
Palm kernel cake – PKC 17.1 8.6 16.1
Palk kernel meal – PKM 17.5 1.4 19.6
Elaeis guineensis
Arg Cys Met Thr Iso Leu Lys Val Tyr Try Phe His
PKM 238 122 72 67 100 103 37 101 85 135 97 77
PKM 143 161 92 89 91 98 59 105 67 127 93 86
EAA REQUIREMENT RATIO – FISH
EAA REQUIREMENT RATIO – SHRIMP
Palm kernel meal 4.55 Mt in 2015/16
Palm kernel oil 3.75 Mt in 2015/16
Proximate & EAA values – Tacon et al. 2009; Copra meal/oil production – GAIN ID1606

34. Feedipedia - Animal Feed Resources Information System - INRA CIRAD AFZ and FAO
Bungkil Kopra & limbahnya
CP EE CF
Bungkil Kelapa - COC 20.7 7.6 12.2
Bungkil Minyak - COM 21.5 3.5 14.8
Cocos nucifera
Arg Cys Met Thr Iso Leu Lys Val Tyr Try Phe His
COC 219 104 65 67 117 108 38 116 85 123 95 79
COC 131 136 82 89 107 103 60 121 67 116 91 88
COM 217 96 61 65 116 112 37 115 92 123 95 83
COM 130 127 78 87 106 106 59 120 73 116 91 93
EAA REQUIREMENT RATIO – FISH
EAA REQUIREMENT RATIO – SHRIMP
Copra meal 515,000 tonnes in 2015/16
Coconut oil 970,000 tonnes in 2015/16
Proximate & EAA values – Tacon et al. 2009; Copra meal/oil production – GAIN ID1606

35. Sludge (limbah lumpur) Sawit (Konversi 10%)

36. SOLID&STATE*
FERMENTATION*
(SSF)*
Reagents*for*feed*
and*food*processing*
α-amylases'
Pec*nases'
Lipases'
Tannases'
Food*and*feed*
addi>ves*
Flavours'
Pigments'
Organic'acids'
Xylanases'
Phytases'
Food*processing*
Tradi*onal'
foods''
Func*onal'
foods'
Edible'
mushrooms'
Upgrading*of*raw*
material*
Improvement'
of'nutri*onal'
value'
U*liza*on'of'
wastes'
Fungi*
Yeast*
Bacteria*
SOLID*STATE*FERMENTATION*FOR*FOOD*AND*FEED*APPLICATION*

37. Gunakan Cara Fermentasi untuk meningkatkan Daya Cerna
dan menghilangkan zat anti nutrisi pada bahan bahan lokal

38. Wood vats line the Khai Hoan fish sauce factory, where the fish are fermented

41. Fermented feed ingredients as fish meal replacer in
aquafeed production
Dr.N. Felix, Associate Professor and R. Alan Brindo, Post Graduate Research Scholar
Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College & Research Institute, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,
Thoothukudi-628008, India. Email: nathanfelix@yahoo.com
Feed is the most significant input for
most aquaculture systems. Among
feed ingredients, fish meal is a major
component of feed costs. This has
stimulated the evaluation of a variety of
alternative dietary protein sources for
partially or totally replacing fish meal
protein in aquaculture feeds. Use of
cheap animal protein ingredients like
shrimp head meal waste as such is
limited by the presence of exoskeletal
chitin and ash content though it contains
high levels of protein with an excellent
amino acid profile. Similarly use of plant
based ingredients in fish feed formula-
tions have certain limitations viz., amino
acid imbalance, low protein content
and anti-nutritional factors. Utilization of
seaweeds and other aquatic plants is
also limited due to the presence of high
crude fiber and low protein content.
Fermentation is a unique process which
will improve the nutritional value of
feed ingredients. Fermentation reduces
the presence of exoskeletal chitin
factors and fibre in plant based feed
ingredients thus improves their nutritive
value. Further bacterial fermentation
hold promise for growth enhancement
and immunostimulants in aquaculture.
Fermentation also increases the avail-
ability of certain vitamins viz., riboflavin,
cyanogobalamine, thiamine, niacin, B6,
B12 and folic acid levels in some feed
ingredients.
Fermented shrimp head
meal
Fermentation is an important tool to
reduce the chitin and ash content
in shrimp head meal. Fermentation
increases the total available protein,
calcium and phosphorus. Lactic acid
bacterial fermentation has been used
successfully in fish insolation (Hall and
Silva, 1994). Lactobacillus plantarum
is used for fermentation of shrimp
head meal. The amino acid profile
relatively high except for histidine and
tryptophan. Biologically ensiled shrimp
head silage meal can effectively replac
fish meal up to 30% in the diet of Africa
catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
(Nwanna, 2003). Chitinoclastic and
proteolytic bacterial strains could also
be used to ferment prawn shell waste in
order to improve the nutrient content; a
increase in nutrient content was noted
in terms of protein, lipid and total sugar
in fermented product. Fermented shell
waste has been used in both hatchery
and grow out diets of Penaeus indicus
(Amar, et al., 2006)
ISSN 0859-600X Volume XIII No. 2 April-June 2008
Vietnamese catfish
Culture-based fisheries in Lao
Changing face of carp culture
Aquaculture Asia
s an autonomous publication
hat gives people in developing
untries a voice. The views and
pinions expressed herein are
those of the contributors and
o not represent the policies or
position of NACA.
Editorial Board
Wing-Keong Ng
M.C. Nandeesha
Editor
Simon Wilkinson
simon@enaca.org
Editorial Assistant
Phinyada Sompuech
Editorial Consultant
Pedro Bueno
NACA
An intergovernmental
organization that promotes
rural development through
Volume XIII No. 2
April-June 2008
ISSN 0859-600X
Standards for catfish aquaculture
The development of aquaculture standards is back in fashion. At the centre of
attention is the Vietnamese catfish industry, which has emerged from the ‘catfish
war’ with the US stronger than ever, now producing more than one million tonnes
per year and exporting all over the world.
The meteoric rise of the catfish industry has prompted a mad scramble for the
establishment of ‘standards’ for catfish production. Standards have been proposed
or are in development by EurepGAP, GTZ, WWF (the Pangasius Aquaculture
Dialogue) and Naturland (Naturland Standards for Organic Aquaculture). These
groups have different goals and priorities and so for the most part these standards
are being developed as separate entities, and may not be mutually compatible or
complementary.
There are a few things that trouble me about this situation. Firstly, the word
‘standard’ implies a norm that has broad-based acceptance. A proliferation of
standards is a headache for both farmers and consumers, and the resulting
fragmentation of effort reduces the chance of a broadly accepted standard (ie. a
real standard!) emerging. The organizations propounding various standards need
to get together with stakeholders from throughout the value chain and start talking
about developing a common approach. This issue was raised by NACA at a recent
meeting of the Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue. It has also been raised in more
general terms at a series of international consultations on the development of
guidelines for aquaculture certification over the past year.
Secondly, the standards are for the most part being developed, funded and

42. PROYEK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BUNGKIL
KOPRA
Dasar :
- Protein rendah , coklat tua atau kuning ,
- Aflatoxin
- Alot dan daya cerna yang rendah
BIO-TREATMENT padan Bungkil Kopra (BTCM)
• Aspergillus Oryzae
• Protein meningkat dari 21.60% menjadi 48.30%
• Warna kuning cerah dengan bau yang harum
• Zero aflatoxin
• Menambah kadar dan jenis amino acid .

43. Perbandingana kandungan bungkil kopra
COMPONENT (%) Raw Copra Meal (% DM) Bio-treated copra meal (% DM)
Crude protein 21.60 43.30
Crude fiber 11.27 7.58
Crude fat 7.10 8.42
Ash 7.30 8.01
Carbohydrate 64.00 39.17
Aflatoxin , ppb 126 Not detected
www.fao.org/uploads/tx_chcforum/Fish%20Feed%20Project.doc
Reported successful feeding trails with
tilapia, shrimp & milkfish

44. A.M. Marini, M.Y. Ayub, B. Abd. Salam, H. Hadijah, E.A. Engku Azahan and S. Ahmad TarmiziJ. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 36(2)(2008): 000 –000
Protein quality of Aspergillus niger-fermented palm kernel cake
(Kualiti protein hampas isirung kelapa sawit terfermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger)
A.M. Marini*, M.Y. Ayub**, B. Abd. Salam**, H. Hadijah***, E.A. Engku Azahan* and
S. Ahmad Tarmizi***
Key words: fermented palm kernel cake, protein quality, chemical evaluation, rat bioassay

45. Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1):1-18 (2014) Malaysian Society of Animal Production
Improving Nutritional Values of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
as Poultry Feeds: A Review
Sharmila1
, A., Alimon1,2
, A.R., Azhar1
, K., Noor3
,H.M. and Samsudin1,2
*, A.A.
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, 2
Institute of Tropical Agriculture,
3
Department of Pre-Clinical Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: anjas@upm.edu.my
Abstract
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) is a by-product of palm kernel oil extraction and provides moderate
nutrition with approximately 16-18% of crude protein (CP) and 13-20% crude fiber (CF). Usage
of PKC is common in ruminant diets, but limited in the non-ruminant diets especially in poultry
diets due to the high fiber content of PKC. Numerous works have been conducted to increase the
nutritional contents of PKC as one of the measures to reduce and/or eliminate the constraints of
utilizing PKC in poultry diets. The method used to achieve this target is either through physical,
chemical, biological or combination of these treatments. However, only chemical and biological
treatments of PKC seem to improve the nutrient values of PKC. Recent works cite solid-state
fermentation (SSF) using fungi to increase the nutrient values of PKC. This method is considered
as the most suitable treatment for PKC. Through solid-state cultures of PKC, the concentration of
CP has increased while the CF has decreased. Furthermore, this method is considered practical
because the whole end product will be utilized for animal feeds. Hence, emphasis should be
given to improve nutritional values of PKC in order to reduce feeding cost of poultry.
Key words: nutritional value, palm kernel cake, palm kernel expeller, palm kernel meal, poultry
feeds
fermented PKC nutrient especially protein,
the growth of fish was poor which could be
due to the mycotoxins released by the
microbes used during the fermentation
process (Ng, 2004).
Comparison between fungi enzyme
treated SSF of PKC with enzyme
supplemented PKC was carried out by Ng
(2004) and Lawal et al. (2010). Cellulose and
hemicellulose components were significantly
reduced in fungi enzyme treated SSF of PKC
(biodegraded) compared with PKC
increase in CP, phosphorus and energy of
biodegraded PKC was observed compared to
that treated with Roxazyme G2G PKC. The
enzyme complexes (enzyme produced
through SSF of PKC with four different
fungi, namely Aspergillus niger,
Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus stolonifer and
Mucor mucedo) produced were more
efficacious in breaking down the cellulose
and hemicellulose compared to Roxazyme
G2G, an enzyme product specific for cereal-
based diets (Lawal et al., 2010).
Table 6. Proximate composition (% dry matter) of raw and treated PKC
Proximate composition
Ingredient Moisture Crude
protein
Crude fat Crude
fiber
Ash Nitrogen free
extract
PKC 11.43 16.86 6.82 15.12 6.58 54.62
Enzyme-treated PKC 10.15 17.11 5.15 14.59 5.40 57.75
Fermented PKC 6.67 31.27 3.36 14.51 11.34 39.52
Source: Ng, 2004
Ng (2002) had conducted a feeding trial
to compare whether pre-treatment of PKC
with commercial feed enzyme (Allzyme
VegproTM) or SSF of PKC with T. koningii
(Oudemas) could improve the nutritive value
of raw PKC in the diets of red hybrid tilapia,
Oreochromis sp. The growth performance
worked on the application of chemical pre-
treatment of PKC using ammonium
hydroxide, formic acid and acetic acid
individually before carrying out the solid
state culture of the pre-treated PKC with two
different fungal strains (R. oligosporus and T.
harzianum) incubated for seven days. On the
Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1):1-18 (2014) Malaysian Society of Animal Production
Figure 1. E. guineensis fo. dura, E. guineensis var. pisifera and E. guineensis fo. tenera.
Source: Cheng Hai, 2011
Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1):1-18 (2014) Malaysian Society of Animal Production
Figure 1. E. guineensis fo. dura, E. guineensis var. pisifera and E. guineensis fo. tenera.
Source: Cheng Hai, 2011
Figure 2. The oil palm fruit and its shells
Source: from http://www.etawau.com/OilPalm/Elaeis_guineensis.htm
Generally, PKC is obtained from two contents of Malaysian palm kernel and its

46. January-March 2003 (Vol. VIII No. 1)
growth. A feeding trial conducted with
hybrid catfish showed that up to 20%
raw PKM could be incorporated into
3.
4.
5.
6.
enzymes in diets for tilapia have so far
not been successful. Research is
currently being carried out in our
laboratory to further optimize the use of
feed enzymes in PKM-based diets,
varying parameters such as the type,
levels and application method (direct,
pretreatment, post-extrusion coating).
16
James, E.C. Jr. and Wheeler, R.S. 1949.
Relation of dietary protein content to
water intake elimination and amount of
cloacal excrete produced by chickens.
Poult. Sci. 28: 456-467.
Jόzefiak, D., Rutkowski, A. and Martin, S.A.
2004. Carbohydrate fermentation in the
avian ceaca. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
113:1-15.
Kim, B.G., Lee, J.H., Jung, H.J., Han, Y.K.,
Park, K.M., Han, I.K., 2001. Effects of
partial replacement of soybean meal
with palm kernel meal and copra meal
on growth performance, nutrient
digestibility and carcass characteristics
of finishing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim.
Sci. 14: 821–830.
Kperegbeyi, J.I and Ikperite, S.E. 2011. The
effectiveness of replacing maze with
palm kernel cake in broilers’ starter
diets. J. Env. Issues and Agri. In Dev.
Count. 3 (1): 145-149.
Kompiang, P. 2010. The Role of humic
acid in palm kernel cake fermented by
Aspergillus niger for poultry ration.
Pak. J. Nut. 9 (2): 182-185.
MPOB, 2011. Overview of the Malaysian oil
palm industry. Kuala Lumpur:
Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
Murano, P.S. 2003. Understanding food
science and technology. Wadswoth,
Thomson Learning. Belmont, CA, USA.
pp. 71.
Ng, W.K. 2004. Researching the use of palm
kernel cake in aquaculture feeds. Palm
Oil Developments. 41: 19-21.
Ng, W.K. and Chen, M.L. 2002.
Replacement of soybean meal with
palm kernel meal in practical diets for
hybrid Asian-African catfish, Clarias
macrocephalus x C. gariepinus. J. Appl.
Aquacult. 12 (4): 67-76.
Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1):1-18 (2014) Malaysian Society of Animal Production
Ng, W.K. and Chong, K.K. 2002. The
nutritive value of palm kernel meal and
the effect of enzyme supplementation in
practical diets for red hybrid tilapia
(Oreochromis sp.). Asian Fisheries Sci.
15:167-176
Ng, W.K., Lim, H.K., Lim, S.W. and
Ibrahim, O. 2002. Nutritive value of
palm kernel meal pretreated with
enzyme or fermented with Trichoderma
koningii (Oudemans) as a dietary
ingredient for red hybrid tilapia
(Oreochromis sp.). Aqua Resc. 33:
1119-1207.
Nuzul Amri, I. 2013. Characteristics of
Malaysian palm kernel and its products.
J. Oil Palm. Res. 25 (2): 245-252.
Rahim, F., Sabrina, Rusmawati and Syibli, F.
2007. Broiler small intestine villi
response to feed containing palm kernel
cake which fermented with Rhizopus. J.
Indon. Trop. Anim. Agri. 32(4): 251-
256.
Ramin, M., Alimon, A.R. and Ivan, M.
2010. Effects of fungal treatment on
the in vitro digestion of palm kernel
cake. Livestock Research for Rural
Development. Volume 22, Article
#82. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from
http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/4/rami22082.
htm
Rhule, S.W.A. 1996. Growth rate and carcass
characteristics of pigs fed on diets
containing palm kernel cake. Anim.

47. GUNAKAN MINYAK SAWIT SBG SUMBER LEMAK
47

49. Dr M. Agus Suprayudi, Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, Department of Aquaculture, Bogor
Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia: agus.suprayudi1965@gmail.com

50. USE OF PROBIOTICS
700 ha shrimp farm
A probiotic is defined as:
- a live microbial adjunct
- which has a beneficial effect on the host
- by modifying the host-associated or ambient microbial
community
- by ensuring improved use of the feed
- or enhancing its nutritional value
- by enhancing the host response towards disease
- or by improving the quality of its ambient environment
Verschuere et al. 2000. Microbiology and Molecular biology Reviews 64:655–671
Definition of aquaculture probiotics

51. Ojai - Mexico
Use of liquid probiotics for the
fermentation of feed ingredients to
increase their nutritional value

52. Fermentated Soybean Meal

53. Source: Vererasun Prayotamornkul - Biomimicry

54. Vererasun Prayotamornkul

55. PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAHAN NON
KONVENSIONAL
55

56. Aquatic protein meals & oils 1-25%
Fishmeals & oil: wild & farmed
Squid meal, krill meal
Seaweed meals & products
Cultured microbial SCP
Terrestrial animal proteins & oils 1-25%
Poultry by-products
Porcine by-products
Ruminant by-products
Terrestrial invertebrates
Terrestrial plant proteins & oils 1-25%
Oilseed protein by-products
Cereal protein by-products
Pulse protein by-products
Other plant proteins
Other plant meals & fillers 1-25%
Cereal meals & by-products
Root meals & extracts
Fruit meals & by-products
Forage & leaf meals
Feed additives 0-5%
Vitamins, antioxidants, pigments, emulsifiers
Minerals, trace elements, salt
Amino acids, nucleotides, feeding attractants
Enzymes, gut modifiers, prebiotics, probiotics, acidifiers
Immune enhancers, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-parasitical
Binders, growth promoters, hormones, antibiotics
Major ingredient groups commonly used in
AQUACULTURE FEEDS

57. Peningkatan daya serap bahan pakan yang
terbarukan
Use of renewable nutrient sources
Mannanase
α - galactosidase
EXOGENOUS MICROBIAL ENZYMES
• Daya cerna nutrient
• Efisiensi pakan
• Melepas nutrient yang terikat
• Menghilangkan bahan anti-nutritional
• Peningkatan kesehatan usus/ pencernaan
• Mengurangi masalah lngkungan (N, P)
β – glucanase
Cellulase
Amylase
Protease
Phytase
Xylanase
Lipase
Micotoxinase

58. Peningkatan daya cerna
Use of renewable nutrient sources
JENIS ENZYMES YG DIGUNAKAN DALAM PAKAN IKAN
Enzyme Common source organism
• Amylases: Aspergillus spp., Bacillus spp.,
• Phytases: Aspergillus spp.,
• Proteases: Aspergillus spp., Bacillus spp.,
• Fiber degrading: Aspergillus spp; Trichoderma longibrachiatum

59. Penggunaan asam amino akan kurangi
kebutuhan Tp Ikan Use of renewable nutrient sources
AMINO ACIDS
PRODUCED BY
FERMENTATION
• Arginine
• Glutamine/MSG
• Histidine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
AMINO ACIDS
PRODUCED BY
FERMENTATION
• Phenylalanine
• Proline
• Serine
• Threonine
• Tryptophan
• Valine

60. Source: Evonik
Traditional salmon diet Modern salmon diet*
Pengalihan tepung ikan dan minyak ikan di ikan
salmon
Beneficial use of using supplemental limiting amino acids

61. Aquatic protein meals & oils 1-25%
Fishmeals & oil: wild & farmed
Squid meal, krill meal
Seaweed meals & products
Cultured microbial SCP
Terrestrial animal proteins & oils 1-25%
Poultry by-products
Porcine by-products
Ruminant by-products
Terrestrial invertebrates
Terrestrial plant proteins & oils 1-25%
Oilseed protein by-products
Cereal protein by-products
Pulse protein by-products
Other plant proteins
Other plant meals & fillers 1-25%
Cereal meals & by-products
Root meals & extracts
Fruit meals & by-products
Forage & leaf meals
OTHER INGREDIENT OPTIONS
Aquatic protein meals & oils
Derived from capture fishery processing wastes
• tuna, small-pelagics, by-catch
• meals, oils, hydrolysates
Derived from aquaculture processing wastes
• shrimp, tilapia, catfish
• meals, oils, hydrolysates
Derived from farmed seaweeds
• meals, hydrolysates
Derived from cultured invertebrates
• marine polychaetes, artemia biomass
Derived from cultured aquatic micro-organisms
• Algal SCP
• Yeast SCP
• Bacterial SCP
• Mixed bacterial flocs

62. Can be produced locally

63. Marine seaweed hydrolysates & meals

65. Source: Nutrinsic

67. Alltech, Brasil
n DV Aqua is a complex
combination of
fermentation
metabolites and
residual yeast cells
l Mannan
Oligosaccharides
l Highly branched -
glucans
l Nucleotides
l Fermentation
metabolites
'
' ''''''
'
'
'
Plasma''membrane'
(From'Netea'et'al''2008)'
β

68. Alltech Algae, Winchester, Kentucky
Heterotrophic algae - Schizochytrium
70% Fat containing 28% DHA
Source: Alltech

69. Objective: More sustainable fish feeds
Traditional salmon diet Modern salmon diet*
Use of dried biomass of
micro algae as fish oil replacer
Source: Evonik

70. Source: Alltech

71. Aquatic protein meals & oils 1-25%
Fishmeals & oil: wild & farmed
Squid meal, krill meal
Seaweed meals & products
Cultured microbial SCP
Terrestrial animal proteins & oils 1-25%
Poultry by-products
Porcine by-products
Ruminant by-products
Terrestrial invertebrates
Terrestrial plant proteins & oils 1-25%
Oilseed protein by-products
Cereal protein by-products
Pulse protein by-products
Other plant proteins
Other plant meals & fillers 1-25%
Cereal meals & by-products
Root meals & extracts
Fruit meals & by-products
Forage & leaf meals
OTHER INGREDIENT OPTIONS
Terrestrial animal protein meals & oils
Produced from the
processing of the offal
of farmed livestock:
pigs, chicken, beef etc
Represent the largest global source of non-food
grade animal protein and fat/oils available to the
terrestrial & aquafeed compounder: 8-10 Mt/an
In future more and more of these products will
become available in Indonesia as the livestock
sector grows
Terrestrial invertebrates – insect meals?

72. Poultry rendering plant in Colombia
Poultry by-product meal Blood meal Poultry oil

74. PENTINGNYA SARANA PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS PAKAN MANDIRI
UNIVERSITAS ???

75. 1. Food Safety (antibiotic, heavy metal
residues)
2. Quality Assurance
3. Traceability
4. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
5. Environmental Impacts (Eco-Labeling)
7. Sustainable Aquaculture (CCRF)
8. Social Responsibility
PENGENDALIAN
SISTEM JAMINAN
MUTU DAN
KEAMANAN HASIL
PERIKANAN, termasuk
DI BIDANG
PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA

76. PENGADAAN DAN PEREDARAN PAKAN IKAN

77. Pengadaan Pakan Ikan
Tersedianya pakan ikan yang
berkualitas, aman , lingkungan
dan merupakan salah satu
sarana pembudidaya ikan yang
efektif dan efisien dalam
meningkatkan produksi
Pendaftaran
Pakan Ikan

78. Pasar GlobalMEA 2015
Sertifika
si CPIB
Sertifi-
kasi
CBIB
Pendaf
- taran
Pakan
Pendaf
- taran
Obat
Monito
-ring
Residu
Pendaftaran Pakan Sebagai Pengendalian SJMKHP
DAYA SAING
Mutu & Keamanan
Pangan
Harga
Kompetitiv

79.  PerMenKP No. PER.02/MEN/2010 tentang
Pengadaan dan Peredaran Pakan Ikan.
 PerDJPB No. 173/PER-DJPB/2015 tentang
Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Tata Cara
Pendaftaran Pakan Ikan.
 SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) Pakan
Ikan.
DASAR HUKUM DAN REFERENSI
PENDAFTARAN PAKAN IKAN

80. Pasal 8
(Permen KP No. PER.02/MEN/2010)
1)Setiap orang yang mengadakan pakan ikan di
wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia, wajib
mendaftarkan kepada Direktorat Jenderal.
2)Kewajiban pendaftaran sebagaimana dimaksud
pada ayat (1) dikecualikan bagi pakan ikan
yang diadakan oleh orang perseorangan yang
tidak diedarkan.

81. • Proses penerbitan
• Proses perpanjangan
• Proses pencabutan
Ruang
Lingkup
• Dalam rangka menjamin
ketersediaan, keamanan
dan terpenuhinya
persyaratan mutu pakan
ikan
Tujuan
Pendaftaran Pakan
Pakan
Terdaftar

82. PEMOHON
DIRJEN
PERIKANAN
BUDIDAYA
Dok. Adm &
Teknis
UJI
LAB
UPT PENGUJI
Sekretariat/
Tim Teknis
Pakan
DIREKTUR
PAKAN
Verifikasi Dok
Adm & Teknis
TIDAK LULUS
(Tidak Boleh Edar)
2
1
8
3
4
4
Dok. Tdk Lengkap
9a
6
5
7
SERTIFIKAT
9b

83. Pengujian Sebagai Syarat mutu untuk
keamanan pakan
 Dilakukan pengujian laboratorium dan atau pengujian lapang. Pengujian
laboratorium dan pengujian lapang diberlakukan bagi pakan ikan yang
belum mempunyai SNI dan/atau yang mutunya jauh di bawah SNI,
sedangkan untuk pakan yang telah mempunyai SNI hanya dilakukan
pengujian laboratorium, yang meliputi : proksimat, logam berat (Pb, Hg,
Cd), dan antibiotik (chlorampenicol, nitrofuran, oxytetrasicline);.
 Penilaian hasil pengujian lab dilakukan dengan membandingkan
persyaratan mutu SNI pakan ikan. Apabila pakan ikan yang diuji belum
ditetapkan SNI-nya, analisis hasil pengujian mutunya didasarkan pada
referensi kebutuhan nutrisi ikan sejenis dan pendapat ahli.
 Penilaian hasil pengujian lapang dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil
pengujian terhadap kriteria SNI proses produksi ikan. Apabila pakan ikan
yang diuji belum ditetapkan SNI-nya, analisis hasil pengujian didasarkan
pada referensi ilmiah dan pendapat ahli.

84. PERKEMBANGAN PAKAN IKAN TERDAFTAR MENURUT JENIS IKAN, 2006 - 2016
No Uraian
2006-
2009
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* Total
1 Udang vaname 43 115 16 42 14 34 38 10 313
2 Udang windu 2 20 7 8 0 1 28 -3 63
3 Sidat 3 0 0 0 6 6 1 16
4 Mas 19 13 3 29 6 5 6 6 84
5 Nila 8 2 11 16 14 4 7 2 62
6 Lele 21 14 19 28 24 10 15 2 132
7 Patin 2 0 1 5 4 2 2 16
8 Gurame 8 0 1 5 4 5 1 24
9 Bawal Bintang 0 9 0 0 2 3 0 -3 11
10 Bandeng 5 2 7 12 7 1 7 2 43
11 Bawal 1 0 2 2 3 0 - 1 9
12 Kerapu 0 0 12 7 16 4 - 40
13 Kakap 0 0 9 8 4 5 13 39
14 Ikan hias 44 52 18 29 38 30 58 6 290
15 Benih 3 0 7 0 6 36 36 9 96
16 Lobster 0 0 0 8 0 0 - 8
17 Lainnya 6 14 28 1 1 0 - 54
18 Induk 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3
TOTAL 165 241 155 200 149 148 213 32 1.303
*) s/d Maret 2016
Jumlah Produsen 17 14 23 15 29 32 33 12

85. KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PABRIKAN
Ketersedian pakan
di dukung oleh 55
produsen pakan di
7 propinsi dengan
kapasitas produksi
2.883.672 Ton/Th
Sumatera Utara
11 produsen
587.800 ton/th
Lampung
3 produsen,
482.400
ton/th
Banten
4 produsen,
296.000 ton/th
DKI Jakarta
3 produsen,
334.148 ton/th
Jawa Barat
8 produsen,
574.784 ton/th
Jawa Tengah
1 Produsen
64.900 ton/th
Jawa Timur
25 produsen,
543.640 ton/th

86. PENGADAAN
BAHAN BAKU
PAKAN IKAN
• Mutu pakan ditentukan oleh kualitas bahan
baku(20%), formulasi pakan (45%), prosesing
pakan (35%);
• Sebagian besar bahan baku masih impor
karena kurang tersedia di dalam negeri dalam
jumlah yang cukup secara kontinyu;
• Menjadi salah satu penyebab harga pakan
tinggi;
• Pemerintah memberikan fasilitas dalam hal
impor bahan baku pakan

87. Landasan Hukum Pengendalian Bahan Baku
Impor
PENERBITAN SURAT
KETERANGAN TEKNIS
IMPOR PAKAN DAN BAHAN
BAKU PAKAN
PENGAJUAN SECARA
MANUAL
Keputusan Direktur Jenderal
Perikanan Budidaya Nomor
KEP. 70/DJ-PB/2009 tentang
Petunjuk Pelaksanaan
Penerbitan Surat Keterangan
Teknis Impor Pakan dan/atau
Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan
PENGAJUAN SECARA ON
LINE
Peraturan Direktur Jenderal
Perikanan Budidaya Nomor
PER. 176A/PER-DJPB/2015
tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan
Penerbitan Surat Keterangan
Teknis Impor Pakan dan atau
Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan Secara
Online
87

88. MEKANISME PENERBITAN SURAT KETERANGAN TEKNIS BAHAN BAKU
PAKAN DAN ATAU PAKAN IKAN IMPOR
DITJEN PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA
Direktorat Pakan
Periksa kelengkapan dokumen
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK
(Permohonan Bebas PPN)
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL
BEA DAN CUKAI
KARANTINA PELABUHAN
MASUK
Terbit Surat Keterangan Teknis
Bahan Baku Pakan dan atau
pakan ikan (7 hari)
PEMOHON
Dokumen yang harus dilengkapi :
• Invoice
• Packing List
• Bill of Lading
• Certificate of Analysis dari lab terakreditasi dg
parameter :
- Proksimat, dikecualikan untuk vitamin dan
mineral
- Logam berat (Pb, Hg, Cd)
- Antibiotik (Chloramphenicol, Nitrofuran,
Oxytetraciclyn) dan Melamin
• Certificate of Origin dari instansi yg berwenang
• Sanitary &Phytosanitary/Health/
Fumigasi Certificate dari Kompetent Autorithy
negara asal
• Rencana & Realisasi Distribusi bagi importir/trader
Lengkap
Dikembalikan kepada
pemohon (7 hari)
Tidak Lengkap
Ditolak
Diterima
Tembusan SKT disampaikan ke :

89. No
JENIS BAHAN BAKU
PARAMETER UJI
Logam Berat (Pb,
Hg, Cd)
Antibiotik: CHP,
Nitrofuran (AOZ,
AMOZ, SEM, AHD),
Oxytetra
Aflatoksin
Malachite Green &
leuco MG
1 Consumption Fish Feed √ √ - -
2 Ornamental Fish Feed √ √ - -
3 Fish Meal √ - - -
4 Steam Dried Fish Meal √ - - -
5 Squid Meal √ - - -
6 Squid Liver Powder √ - - -
7 Sun Dried Squid Meal √ - - -
8 Salmon Meal Steam Dried √ √ - -
9 Antartic Krill Meal √ - - -
10 Krill Meal √ - - -
11 Pangasius Fishmeal - √ - √
12 Scallop Meal √ - -
13 Wheat Flour - - √ -
14 Wheat Pollard - - √ -
15 Hipro Soya Bean Meal - - √ -

90. No JENIS BAHAN BAKU
PARAMETER UJI
Logam Berat (Pb, Hg, Cd)
Antibiotik: CHP,
Nitrofuran (AOZ,
AMOZ, SEM, AHD)
Aflatoksin
Malachite
Green & leuco
MG
16 Deffated Soya Flour - - √ -
17 Better Yellow Soya Bean - - √ -
18 Soya Bean Meal - - √ -
19 Distiller Dried Grains - - √ -
20 Filler - - √ -
21 Industrial Flour - - √ -
22 Canola Meal Powder - - √ -
23 Canola Meal Pellets - - √ -
24 Wheat by Product Flour - - √ -
25 Feed Grade Flour - - √ -
Standar (CD 2002/32/EC) Negatif Max 50 ppb Negatif
- Bahan Baku: Pb MRL 10 mg/kg - Pakan: Pb MRL 5,0 mg/kg
Cd MRL 1,0 mg/kg (tanaman) Cd MRL 1,0 mg/kg
Cd MRL 2,0 mg/kg (hewan) Hg MRL 0,1 mg/kg
Hg MRL 0,1 mg/kg
PERSYARATAN PARAMETER UJI KONTAMINAN BAHAN BAKU/PAKAN IMPOR

91. Obat Ikan Sediaan Premiks Untuk
Pemasukannya (SKT) Melalui Dit. Pakan
Aquasterol
Mintrex CU
Mintrex Zn
Premix for Fish feed
Aquaculture DL-
Methionin
Pegabind Dry
Premix SP V5
Premix SP FV-1
Pegabind
Gobind
Mintrex Mn
Rovimix Stay C-35
Rovimix Stay C-36
Semalex Dry
Ronozyme NP
Metamino DL-
Methionine
Efinol FG
sumber : Memorandum Dir. Kesling, DJPB,
No 127/DPB/PB.430.D4/III/2016 tgl 28 Maret 2016

92. Jenis Bahan Baku
Tahun
Jumlah
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume
Fish Meal 75.401,129 66.132,755 65.434,335 38.295,780 29.887,419 275.151,418
Soybean 46.441,977 44.395,744 48.161,714 67.707,425 72.034,706 278.741,566
Wheat 95.887,555 89.650,408 106.061,068 92.983,786 90.721,127 475.303,944
Fish/Squid
Paste/Powder 26.892,195 24.545,170 29.467,888 35.699,300 36.993,168 153.597,721
Vitamin 383,070 392,000 194,000 188,000 308,500 1.465,570
Mineral 3.035,269 2.801,525 2.799,050 2.397,750 2.856,900 13.890,494
Yeast 4.268,703 2.452,961 2.278,924 2.567,080 4.304,342 15.872,010
Oil 13.200,508 11.429,179 7.723,313 16.078,032 30.785,129 79.216,161
Crustacean/Squid Meal 2.407,840 3.174,962 3.406,429 3.192,985 3.111,460 15.293,676
Corn 1.589,005 484,568 1.562,753 11.532,230 11.085,000 26.253,556
Lain-lain 2.566,409 4.001,275 3.521,294 3.409,817 21.844,775 35.343,570
Jumlah 272.073,660 249.460,547 270.610,768 274.052,185 303.932,526 1.370.129,686
sumber : Ditjen Perikanan Budidaya, 2015

93. Jenis Bahan Baku
Tahun Jumlah
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Nilai Nilai Nilai Nilai Nilai (USD)
Fish Meal 92.376.607,11 80.366.116,81 86.953.434,00 48.871.472,55 42.145.456,79 350.713.087,26
Soybean 24.453.564,20 24.696.656,75 31.475.892,90 38.949.876,28 34.383.618,67 153.959.608,80
Wheat 39.036.279,41 36.264.974,21 37.609.375,42 37.420.982,05 30.943.739,79 181.275.350,88
Fish/Squid Paste/Powder 21.266.018,94 20.588.217,42 24.888.702,22 32.086.711,97 31.785.385,64 130.615.036,19
Vitamin 1.891.673,49 873.057,00 446.717,00 274.164,50 1.218.601,86 4.704.213,85
Mineral 2.028.506,11 2.101.356,00 2.968.368,00 2.493.085,84 2.764.135,45 12.355.451,40
Yeast 3.333.773,94 2.155.817,85 2.031.895,44 2.149.782,38 2.882.489,75 12.553.759,36
Oil 18.834.631,84 16.274.407,09 13.304.653,29 14.164.961,44 11.305.412,27 73.884.065,93
Crustacean/Squid Meal 3.989.359,21 5.568.652,08 6.433.712,41 5.569.810,83 5.502.445,35 27.063.979,88
Corn 735.810,73 352.819,05 639.504,65 3.367.879,12 2.649.656,22 7.745.669,77
Lain-lain 2.109.495,55 2.305.510,99 3.004.774,84 3.385.452,46 2.982.674,90 13.787.908,74
Jumlah 210.055.720,53 191.547.585,25 209.757.030,17 188.734.179,42 168.563.616,69 968.658.132,06
sumber : Ditjen Perikanan Budidaya, 2015

94. Volume Impor Bahan Baku/Pakan Ikan (1.000 Ton)
Jenis Bahan
Baku/Pakan Ikan
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015)*
%/th
(2010-15)
Fishmeal 30.821 75.401 65.792 65.239 38.295 8.966 22,47
Soybean 48.452 46.442 44.396 48.162 67.707 23.914 10,13
Wheat 74.122 95.888 89.650 106.061 92.983 29.759 7,21
Fish/Squid
Paste/Powder 16.144 26.8928 24.545 29.468 35.699 12.603 25,01
Vitamin 301 3838 392 194 188 72 -6,04
Mineral 4.359 3.0358 2.8015 2.799 2.397 1.100 -13,13
Yeast 2.086 4.2693 2.453 2.279 2.567 780 16,68
Oil 3.428 13.201 11.429 7.723 16.078 1.597 86,75
Crustacean/Squi
d Meal 2.323 2.408 3.175 3.406 3.192 1.045 9,13
Corn 618 1.589 486 1.563 11.532 231 237,04
Fish Feed
(Growout &
Ornamental) 624 811 2.494 11.682 1.423 52,07
Fish Larvae Feed 7 1.066 1.868 14.250 1.480 3797,43
Others 4.655 2.566 4.001 396.916 3.409 19.310 -1,04
Jumlah 187.942 273.950 253.482 689.742 276.950 11,90
)* s/d April

95. Permasalahan di lapangan :
 Belum semua pakan Pabrik yang beredar terdaftar, sebagian
besar di bawah standar mutu;
 Pakan mandiri atau produksi skala kecil umumnya belum
terdaftar;
 Mutu pakan terdaftar yang beredar tidak stabil;
 Nomor pendaftaran pada beberapa produk belum dicantumkan
dalam kemasan maupun label;
 Penggunaan bahasa pada kemasan masih ada yang
menggunakan bahasa asing;
 Sulit memperoleh bahan baku dalam jumlah yang cukup dan
continue sehingga sebagian besar bahan baku masih impor;
 Bahan baku lokal kualitasnya fluktuatif dan tergantung musim.

96. Resiko
 Bahan baku
 Kelembapan- Mycotoxin
 Lemak _ ketengikan/
aflatoxin
 Kontaminasi diatas
 Kontaminasi pupuk/
pestisida
 Campuran bahan tidak
bernutrisi
 Campuran bahan
pemberat
 Pakan Buatan
 Antibiotika
 Hormon
 Protein palsu
 Kualitas proximat
 Agen biologis

97. PENGAWASAN
 Pengawasan pasca pemasukkan dilakukan sebagai berikut :
a. Pengawasan terhadap penyimpanan dan peredaran atau penggunaan dilakukan sesuai
peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku;
b. Produsen atau Importir yang menyimpan atau menyediakan bahan baku dan atau
pakan ikan, wajib mengizinkan dan memberi kesempatan kepada pejabat yang
ditugaskan oleh DJPB/Kadis Prop./Kab./Kota untuk melakukan pengawasan;
c. Pejabat Pengawas dapat melakukan :
1. Pengambilan sampel pakan dan atau bahan baku pakan impor dengan disertai
berita acara dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian di laboratorium yang telah
terakreditasi;
2. Pemeriksaan secara langsung ke produsen pakan dan pengguna bahan baku
pakan serta proses pengolahan pakan yang dilakukan disertai berita acara
pemeriksaan;
3. Monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap realisasi impor pakan dan atau bahan baku
pakan impor

98. HASIL
PENGAWASAN PAKAN

99. 15 (33,33%)
sampel
pakan
proteinnya
diatas label
yang tertera
dan 5
(11,11%)
sampel
pakan tidak
sesuai SNI
Paket
1
5 (11,11%)
sampel
pakan
proteinnya
diatas label
yang tertera
dan 3 (6,67%)
sampel
pakan tidak
sesuai SNI
Paket
2 12 (26,67%)
sampel
pakan
proteinnya
diatas label
yang tertera
dan 8
(17,78%)
sampel
pakan tidak
sesuai SNI
Paket
3
13 (28,89%)
sampel
pakan
proteinnya
diatas label
yang tertera
dan 4 (8,89%)
sampel
pakan tidak
sesuai SNI
Paket
4
Hasil Pengawasan Mutu Pakan, 2014
Ket: Jumlah sampel pakan 45
jenis/paket

100. 8 sampel
pakan
kadar
protein
tidak
sesuai SNI
(19,04%)
Paket
1
2 sampel
pakan
kadar
protein
tidak
sesuai SNI
(4,76%)
Paket
2
11 sampel
pakan
kadar
protein
tidak
sesuai SNI
(26,19%)
Paket
3 1 sampel
pakan
kadar
protein
tidak
sesuai SNI
(2,38%)
Paket
4
6 sampel
pakan
kadar
protein
tidak
sesuai SNI
(14,57%)
Paket
5
Hasil Pengawasan Mutu Pakan, 2015
Ket: Jumlah sampel pakan 42
jenis/paket

102. Proses SNI CPPIB Menuju
Sertifikasi
Gugus Kerja
(7-8 mei’15)
• RSNI-1
Rapat
Teknis
(1-3 juli’15)
• RSNI-2
Konsensus
(12-14 ags’15)
• RSNI-3
Draft
Pedoman
Penerapan &
Checklist
Audit
Jajak
Pendapat
SNI
CPPIB
(8227:2015)
Pedoman Penerapan
& Checklist Audit Sertifikasi
CPPIB
Regulasi Teknis
Sertifikasi CPPIB
(PerMen KP)
2016
?

103. Pedoman CPPIB
1. LOKASI
2. BANGUNAN
3. TATA LETAK
4. PENGADAAN DAN PENYIAPAN BAHAN BAKU PAKAN
5. PENYIMPANAN BAHAN BAKU PAKAN
6. PEMBUATAN PAKAN
7. PENGEMASAN DAN PELABELAN
8. PENGENDALIAN MUTU PAKAN
9. PENYIMPANAN PAKAN
10. PENDISTRIBUSIAN PAKAN
11. KOMPETENSI PERSONIL
12. PENGAWASAN
13. PENANGANAN TERHADAP KELUHAN DAN PENARIKAN
KEMBALI PAKAN YANG BEREDAR
14. DOKUMENTASI

104. PENUTUP
1. Ikan diperlukan untuk kualitas bangsa
2. Pakan diperlukan untuk menjamin ketersediaan ikan
3. Gerpari menjadi salah satu andalan penyediaan pakan
sekaligus peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat
4. Kualitas pakan menentukan pertumbuhan, kesehatan
ikan dan kesehatan konsumen
5. Kualitas pakan ditentukan oleh bahan dan proses
pembuatan serta penyimpanan
6. Pengambilan contoh dan sistim sampling yang benar
sangat menentukan gambaran kualitas secara
keseluruhan
104