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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 â 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME 13 COMPLEMENTARY SYMMETRY E-SLOT RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR TRIPLE OPERATION Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni Government College, Gulbarga-585105, Karkataka, India ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the design and development of a complementary symmetry E â slot rectangular microstrip antenna for triple band operation. The antenna has a structure of 8 X 5 X 0.16 cm3 and operates between the frequency range of 5.39 to 8.87 GHz giving a maximum impedance bandwidth of 17.5% with a peak gain of 2.84 dB. The simple low cost glass epoxy substrate material is used to fabricate the antenna. The microstripline feed arrangement is used to excite the antenna. The experimental and simulated results agree each other. The antenna shows linearly polarized broadside radiation characteristic. The design detail of the antenna is described. The experimental results are presented and discussed. This antenna may find applications for systems operating in IEEE 802.11a and C-band of frequencies. Key words: Microstrip Antenna, Complementary Symmetry, E Slot, Triple Band. 1. INTRODUCTION In todayâs modern communication era, the microstrip antennas have attained good class of devices that are needed for transmit/receive purpose in emerging communication applications such as WLAN, WiMax and 3G-4G mobile systems, because of their numerous inherent advantages like low profile, low fabrication cost, integrability with MMICs and ease of installation [1]. But an antenna operating at single, dual and triple band is more attractive to use the device for the desired set of frequencies. The wideband antennas are realized by many methods such as, slot on the patch, arrays, monopoles [2-4]. etc. But in this communication a simple rectangular microstrip antenna with complementary symmetry E-slots on the radiating patch is used to achieve triple band operation. This kind of geometry is found to be rare in the literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 â 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.2836 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJECET © I A E M E
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 â 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME 14 2. ANTENNA DESIGN The conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMSA) and the proposed complementary symmetry E-slot rectangular microstrip antenna (CSERMSA) are fabricated on low cost glass epoxy substrate material of thickness h = 0.16 cm, loss tangent = 0.01 and Δr = 4.2. The art work of proposed antennas is sketched using the computer software AUTO CAD to achieve better accuracy. The antennas are etched using the photolithography process. Figure 1: Top view geometry of CRMSA Figure 1 shows the top view geometry of CRMSA. The radiating patch of length L and width W are designed for the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz, using the basic equations available in the literature [5]. A quarter wave transformer of length Lt and width Wt is used between CP along the width of the patch and microstripline feed of length Lf and width Wf for matching their impedances. A semi miniature-A (SMA) connector of 50 impedance is used at the tip of the microstripline to feed the microwave power. Figure 2: Top view geometry of CSERMSA. Figure 2 shows the top view geometry of CSERMSA. The complementary symmetry E shaped slot of width 2 mm having upper, side and middle arm lengths L1, L2 and L3 respectively is placed at the middle of the patch. The bottom side is a tight copper shield ground plane. The dimensions L1, L2 and L3 are taken in terms of λ0, where λ0 is a free space wave length in cm corresponding to the designed frequency of 3.5 GHz. Table 1 gives the design parameters of CRMSA and CSERMSA.
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 â 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME 15 Table 1: Design parameters of CRMSA and CSERMSA Antenna L W Lf Wf Lt Wt A B L1 L2 L3 CRMSA 2.04 2.66 2.18 0.32 1.09 0.06 5 8 - - - CSERMSA 2.04 2.66 2.18 0.32 1.09 0.06 5 8 λ0 /14 λ0/ 6 λ0 /34 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vector Network Analyzer (The Agilent N5230A: A.06.04.32) is used to measure the experimental return loss of CRMSA and CSERMSA. The Ansoft high frequency structure simulation software is used to simulate the CRMSA and CSERMSA. Figure 3 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency of CRMSA. From this figure it is seen that, the CRMSA resonates at 3.39 GHz of frequency which is close to the designed frequency of 3.5 GHz. The experimental bandwidth is calculated using the formula, 2 1 c f f Bandwidth (%) = f â Ă 100 where, f2 and f1 are the upper and lower cut off frequencies of the resonated band when its return loss reaches -10dB and fc is a centre frequency between f1 and f2. The bandwidth of CRMSA is found to be 3.27 %. The simulated result is also shown in Fig.3 Figure 3: Variation of return loss versus frequency of CRMSA Figure 4: Variation of return loss versus frequency of CSERMSA
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 â 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME 16 Figure 4 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency of CSERMSA. It is clear from this figure that, the antenna operates for three bands BW1 = 9.7 % (5.39-5.94 GHz), BW2 = 14.4 % (6.13-7.08 GHz) and BW3 = 17.5 % (7.44-8.87 GHz) for the resonating modes of f1, f2 and f3 respectively. The BW1 is due to the fundamental resonance of the patch. The bands BW2 and BW3 are due to the complementary symmetry E slots on the patch. Furthermore, CSERMSA uses less copper area of 50.02 % when compared to the copper area of CRMSA by placing slots on the patch. The simulated result is also shown in Fig.4. Figure 5: Radiation pattern of measured at 5.665 GHz The far field co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns of the proposed antenna is measured in its operating band. The typical radiation pattern of measured at 5.665 GHz is shown in Fig. 5. From this figure it is observed that, the pattern is broadsided and linearly polarized. The gain of the proposed antenna is calculated using absolute gain method given by the relation, ( ) 0r t λPG (dB) = 10 log - (Gt) dB - 20 log dB P 4ÏR ïŁ« ïŁ¶ ïŁŹ ïŁ· ïŁ ïŁž where, Pt and Pr are transmitted and received powers respectively. R is the distance between transmitting antenna and antenna under test i.e. The peak gain of measured in BW1 is found to be 2.84 dB with a half power beam width of 590 . 4. CONCLUSION From this study it is concluded that, CSERMSA gives triple bands with a maximum bandwidth of about 17.5 % with a peak gain of 2.84 dB. The antenna exhibits broadside radiation characteristics with linear polarization. The proposed antenna uses low cost substrate material with simple design and fabrication. This antenna may find applications for systems operating in IEEE 802.11a and C-band of frequencies. REFERENCES 1. Constantine A. Balanis, âAntenna theory: analysis and designâ, John Wiley, New York, (1997). 2. Girish Kumar and K. P. Ray, âBroadband microstrip Antennasâ, Artech House, Boston, London, 2003. Sang Ho Lim, Chae Hyun Jung, Se Young Kim and Noh Hoon Myung âAnalysis and Modeling of Dual band ACMPA with Asymmetric Crossed Slotsâ, Microwave and Opt. Technol. Lett. Vol. 53, No.3, pp.681- 686, March 2011.
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 â 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 3. Wen-Tsan Chung, Ching-Her Antenna Design For WLAN / UWB Applications 51, No. 12, pp. 2874- 2878, Dec 2009. 4. Bahl, I. J. and P. Bhartia, âMi 5. Nagraj Kulkarni and S. N. Mulgi Rectangular Microstrip Antenna and Communication Engineering & ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6. M. Veereshappa and Dr.S.N Mulgi Microstrip Antennas for Quad Communication Engineering & 171, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 7. M. Veereshappa and S. N. Mulgi for Triple-Band Operation and Virtual Size Reduction and Communication Engineering & pp. 176 - 182, ISSN Print: 0976 BIO-DATA Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni Electronics from Gulbarga University Gulbarga in the year 1995, 1996 and 2014 respectively. He is working as an Assi Electronics Government field of Microwave Electronics. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 ), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 13-17 © IAEME 17 Her Lee and Chow -Yen- Desmond Sim. âCompact For WLAN / UWB Applicationsâ, Microwave and Opt.Technol. Lett. Vol. Dec 2009. âMicrostrip Antennasâ, Artech house, New Delhi, 1980. Nagraj Kulkarni and S. N. Mulgi, âCorner Truncated Inverted U - Slot Triple Band Tunable Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Wlan Applicationsâ International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 3, Issue 1 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 â6472. nd Dr.S.N Mulgi, âCorner Truncated Rectangular Slot Loaded Monopole or Quad-Band Operationâ, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 201 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 â6472. nd S. N. Mulgi, âRectangular Slot Loaded Monopole Microstrip Antennas nd Virtual Size Reductionâ, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue int: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 â6472. Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni received his M.Sc, M.Phil and Ph. D degree in Applied Electronics from Gulbarga University Gulbarga in the year 1995, 1996 and 2014 respectively. He is working as an Assistant professor and Head, in the Department of Electronics Government Degree College Gulbarga. He is an active researcher in the field of Microwave Electronics. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 â © IAEME Compact Monopole Microwave and Opt.Technol. Lett. Vol. Antennasâ, Artech house, New Delhi, 1980. Slot Triple Band Tunable ournal of Electronics 1, 2012, pp. 1 - 9, Corner Truncated Rectangular Slot Loaded Monopole ournal of Electronics and , 2013, pp. 165 - Rectangular Slot Loaded Monopole Microstrip Antennas ournal of Electronics , Issue 1, 2013, his M.Sc, M.Phil and Ph. D degree in Applied Electronics from Gulbarga University Gulbarga in the year 1995, 1996 and 2014 stant professor and Head, in the Department of Degree College Gulbarga. He is an active researcher in the
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