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English 211
Flyer Assignment
Designing Graphics
Creating Reader-Centered Graphics - The Exercise
Background -- Infant Formula Contents: You are on a nutrition
team at a pharmaceutical company that is planning to introduce
a new infant formula. As a part of background research, your
company has conducted a survey of women pregnant for the
first time. The purpose of the survey is to assess the awareness
of this group for the nutrients that infants need and do not need
from a formula.
The results are shown below. Each nutrient was read to the
respondents, and they were asked whether or not that nutrient
was important for an infant to receive. Also noted in this chart
is whether the nutrient is, in fact, currently an accepted
ingredient in infant formulas.
Nutrient
Yes, important %
No, not important %
Accepted Guidelines
yes or no
Protein
99
1
yes
Fat
92
8
yes
Water
100
0
yes
Vitamin A
90
10
yes
Vitamin D
88
12
yes
Vitamin B1
87
13
yes
Niacin
96
4
yes
Lead
4
96
no
Vitamin C
98
2
yes
Choline
54
46
yes
Chlorine
98
2
no
Chloride
60
40
yes
Calcium
98
2
yes
Copper
53
47
yes
Iron
99
1
yes
The Question:
The nutrients that are included in the new formula have already
been determined, and include all the nutrients labeled "yes"
above. Some concerns were raised among your team that any
mothers at all would think that lead and chlorine are important
nutrients. You have yet to formulate a plan to address those
concerns, but you would like a report ready for the marketing
department that illustrates the results of the above survey.
The Task: Using this information and the various resources in
this Session,
· Write a business memo to your Team (you may create the
Team name) and briefly describe your task.
· Offer at least 2 different graphical versions of this
information, along with verbal rationale as to how/why that
version might best be used for the new product.
· Note that you DO NOT have to produce the actual flyer, but
your input should help with the final product design, which the
Team is responsible for. And your graphics may help with this
task.
Additional resource suggestions for developing you flyer
outside of the text book resources:
http://www.creativebloq.com/design/flyer-912663
How to Make a Flyer using Microsoft Word - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc6XehtnMRoShare
Oct 6, 2010 – http://www.desktoppublishingbusiness.com --
Make a Flyer, Make a Flyer Using Word, How to Make a Flyer,
How to Design a Flyer.
Evaluation
This assignment is worth 50 points. Evaluation will be based on
the following criteria at minimum:
1. Audience: Has the appropriate audience been considered for
the document and/or has consideration been given to the
scenario described in the assignment?
2. Format: Is the document formatted according to assignment
requirements and standard business practices?
3. Document elements: Does the document include all necessary
elements, per the assignment and the particular type of
document?
4. Graphics – Have meaningful graphical solutions been offered,
based on the assignment details?
5. Language, Mechanics, grammatical issues: Does the
document use acceptable business language/style? Is the
document free from errors in spelling, grammar, mechanics and
punctuation?
CREATING GRAPHICS
Planning
1. Identify places where graphics will increase your
communication’s usability.
2. Identify places where graphics will increase your
communication’s persuasiveness.
Selecting
1. Select the types of graphics that will best support your
readers’ tasks.
2. Select the types of graphics that will effectively influence
your readers’ attitudes.
Designing
1. Design graphics that are easy to understand and use.
2. Design them to support your readers’ tasks.
3. Design graphics that your readers will find persuasive.
4. Keep your graphics simple enough for easy use.
5. Label content clearly.
6. Provide your graphics with informative titles.
Using Color
1. Use colors to support your message.
2. Use color for emphasis, not decoration.
3. Choose a color scheme, not just individual colors.
4. Provide high contrast between text and background.
5. Select colors with appropriate associations.
6. Limit the number of colors.
7. Use color to unify the overall communication.
Integrating with the Text
1. Introduce each graphic in the text.
2. Tell your readers the conclusions you want them to draw.
3. Provide all explanations your readers will need in order to
understand and use each graphic.
4. Locate each graphic near the references to it.
Addressing an International Audience
1. Check your graphics with persons from the other nations.
Using Graphics Ethically
1. Avoid elements that might mislead your readers.
2. Obtain permission from the copyright owner of each image
that is not in the public domain.
From Paul V. Anderson’s Technical Communication: A
Reader-Centered Approach
What will I find in this section of the toolkit?
Toolkit Section Tools in the Section
Introduction to the Toolkit
Why do a Needs Assessment?
What might your Needs Assessment Include?
Getting Ready: Laying the Groundwork before You Begin
the Needs Assessment
Assessing Local Employer Needs Assessment of Local
Employer and Industry Needs
Market Sizing
Instructions for Sizing the Market for Plus 50 Workforce
Education Programming
Market Sizing Tool
Survey Development
Survey Development Guidelines
Sample Survey
Survey Administration Survey Administration Guidelines: How
to Administer a
Needs Assessment Survey
Survey Analysis
Survey Analysis Guidelines
Sample Survey Analysis Plan
Conducting Focus Groups and Using
Focus Group Data
Focus Group Guidelines: How to Plan for and Facilitate a
Focus Group
Sample Focus Group Questions
Summarizing Focus Group Results
Writing your Needs Assessment Report
Sample Discussion Questions for Group Reflection on your
Data
Sample Needs Assessment Report Outline
Sample Recommendations
http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/�
Survey Analysis Guidelines
What is Survey Analysis? It is not Rocket Science!
People often think of “data analysis,” especially when the data
come from surveys, as “number crunching.”
Although you will need to crunch of few numbers to analyze
your survey data, we mean by “analysis” something
less esoteric. Quite simply, analysis is all about using data to
reveal information that is important to making
decisions. When analysis is included in a report, as it is in the
needs assessment you are undertaking, the term
“survey analysis” includes telling the story of the survey results
to others. What deeper question about plus 50 needs
are you asking? How do the survey results help you answer it?
When reading these guidelines and doing your own survey
analysis, continue to return to this touchstone – it will
help you stay focused on what really matters in data analysis,
rather than getting caught up in number crunching
details. If you find yourself getting lost in the data, just ask
yourself: “What is it that I really want to know? How do
the survey results help me answer that question? How can I
present the results to tell my readers how the survey
results answer that question?”
How to Use the Survey Analysis and Presentation Guidelines
These guidelines are intended to support your college’s effort to
analyze and present survey data from an
assessment of plus 50 workforce programming needs in your
college’s service area. These guidelines will help you to
decide what questions your data can answer, what type of
analyses to do, and how to present and interpret results.
You can use the results of the survey analysis to present your
data in many different ways and to communicate the
results of your needs assessment survey to a variety of
audiences. There is no one right way!
It is important to keep in mind that data analysis is an iterative
process. Often results from one type of analysis may
yield new questions, resulting in another round of data analysis.
For instance, you may look at the results of how
survey respondents answered a question about their career
development needs and then wonder how those results
differ between and men and women. You should be prepared to
engage in a few rounds of data analysis based on
the types of questions you ask, how “deep” into the data you
wish to go, and the types of responses you get to your
survey. You may also present preliminary results to your
colleagues, and they may come up with additional
questions that you may take back to the data for another round
of analysis.
Research Questions and Analysis Plans
Good survey analysis is always anchored in a clear “research
question.” The term “research question” is simply a
handy way to refer to your touchstone: the question of “what do
I really want to know?” To keep your analysis
organized, you should create an analysis plan that links research
questions to survey questions. In the tool kit we
have provided a Sample Analysis Plan that shows how the
questions on the sample survey might be used to answer
specific research questions. This sample plan is meant to
provide you with some initial ideas. You will have your
own research questions, and will tailor the survey to your
college’s needs and plans.
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 36
http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/�
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 37
Two Approaches to Survey Analysis and Presentation
There are two approaches to analyzing survey data that we
outline here: one is relatively simple (“basic analysis”)
and the other is slightly more complex but allows you more
options (“advanced analysis”). The basic analysis utilizes
the built-in analysis and graphing capabilities of survey
software, such as Survey Monkey or Zoomerang. The
advanced analysis involves using Microsoft Excel to conduct
more sophisticated analyses and create more
customizable charts and graphs. Depending on your background
and experience with statistical analysis and
graphing, you may choose either approach or a combination of
both. Guidelines for basic and advanced package
analysis are outlined below.
Basic Analysis and Results Presentation Using Online Survey
Software Programs
If you administer your needs assessment survey using an online
survey software program, then no further data entry
is necessary because the data is stored in a database online. If
you administered paper surveys, then you need to
enter the survey responses into an online survey software
program. To do this you would create an account and
follow the instructions for designing an online survey. You will
then manually enter responses from the paper
surveys into the online survey. Many survey software programs,
such as Survey Monkey or Zoomerang, have the
capabilities to perform basic analysis of your survey data. For
individual closed-ended questions these online survey
software programs will tabulate the number and percentage of
respondents who clicked each response option, such
as how many men and how many women responded to your
survey. They also allow to you perform comparisons
on how different groups of respondents answer your survey
questions. You should consult the software program’s
Help Center and tutorials for further instructions on how to
create custom charts.1
Below are some sample charts created using Survey Monkey.
The pie chart on the left shows the percentage of
respondents in each age group. The stacked column chart on the
right shows the percentage of respondents in each
age group based on their gender. Survey Monkey can also create
bar, line, and area charts.
Advanced Analysis and Results Presentation Using Excel
You may wish to do more customized or more complex analyses
than online survey software programs will allow.
In this case, we recommend that you use Excel to store, analyze,
and graph your data.
1 Please note that charting functions are not typically available
with basic, free packages of online survey software programs.
You will have
to purchase a professional or premium subscription of a
software package to receive this advanced feature.
Data Entry and Storage
• If the survey was administered online, you can download all of
the responses collected into Excel. See the Help
Center of your survey software program for information on
instructions.
• If you administered paper surveys you will need to manually
enter the survey responses into Excel.
Number Crunching and Visual Presentation
• Once the data has been exported or entered into Excel, you
will use Excel’s functions to do the analysis, such as
calculating averages or the frequency of responses (the pie chart
above is an example of a frequency
distributions).
• To make charts and other graphics, use the chart wizard or
reference demos for further instructions on how to
create custom charts.
• For further assistance you should engage a work study student
or someone in your college’s Institutional
Research Department who has knowledge of conducting analysis
and creating charts in Excel. Work study
students may be able to provide help with data entry and the IR
Department may be able to provide technical
assistance on analysis.
Getting Additional Help
• You have the distinct advantage of working on a college
campus, where you are surrounded by people who
have a great deal of expertise: professors; students; and staff
(especially staff in your Institutional Research
Department).
• If you want assistance with number crunching or charting,
consider reaching out to faculty and staff on your
campus, or engaging a work-study student. Individuals such as
these are highly valuable sources of free or
inexpensive help!
Below are some sample charts created using Excel. The bar
chart on the left shows the percentage of respondents
interested in pursuing each workforce training goal. The bar
chart on the right shows the percentage of respondents
in each age group who prefer taking classes in each time of day
or week.
29%
42%
79%
87%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Professional or technical degree or
certificate
License or professional credential
Basic or reivew computer training courses
Targeted courses to upgrade or acquire new
skills (not including computer skills)
Percentage of Respondents
Workforce Training Goals
n=167
Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents
could check all that apply.
16%
34%
71%
87%
83%
48%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
75+
n=15
65‐74
n=47
50‐64
n=84
Percentage of Respondents
Preferred Time of Day of Classes for different Age Groups
Daytime
Evening
Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents
could check all that apply.
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 38
Types of Analysis
There are several procedures you can use to analyze your needs
assessment data. Below are two basic types of
analyses that will provide useful information about your survey
sample. You can do both of these types of analysis
in online survey software programs or Excel.
For all types of analysis, it is important to keep in mind that
you are analyzing the data based on the number of
people who answered that particular question, not the number of
people who responded to the survey. So, you
might have had 120 people respond to your survey, but only 100
people answered the question about their career
goals. In this case, you should make sure that Excel or your
online survey software is calculating the percent of
people who chose each career goal response option based on
100 people, not based on 120. (In more technical
terms, you want to make sure that you are using 100 as the
denominator in your calculations, not 120.) There are
many reasons why the number of people who responded to the
survey are not necessarily the same as the number
of people who responded to any one question. Here are some
example reasons why people may have not answered
a particular question or skipped it: they may have felt the
survey was too long and only completed some of the
questions, they may not have known the answer to a particular
question, or based on their response to a prior
question they may have been instructed to skip certain
questions.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics describe and summarize the quantitative
information from your survey about your sample. It
includes such summary measures as:
• Mean (the average value – e.g. the average home price in your
county);
• Median (the value at which half of the values are above, and
half are below – e.g. at the median home price in
your county, exactly half of the houses cost more; and the other
half costs less); and
• Frequencies (the percentage of responses that fall into a set of
categories – e.g. in your county, 20% of the
housing prices are $200,000 or less; 50% of them fall in the
$200,000-$500,000 range; and the remaining 30%
are over $500,000).
Strictly speaking, you cannot use your results to describe the
actual population that your survey was sent to. For
example, say that 65% of your respondents said they were
interested in a basic computer course. This does not
meant that 65% of your target population is interested in the
computer course! This is because your sample of
survey respondents does not perfectly represent the larger
population from which it was drawn.
Don’t worry!! This is always the case with survey data. While
you cannot generalize with 100% accuracy to the larger
population, you can use descriptive statistics to get an excellent
idea of what the population’s needs and preferences
are. Also, you will often be concerned more with comparisons
between numbers than with the value of a number.
For example, you may be interested in seeing what was most
often marked as an obstacle to taking college courses.
Cross-tabulations
Simple cross-tabulations allow you to compare the results of
two mutually exclusive groups of respondents. An
example of a simple cross-tabulation would be comparing the
career goals of male respondents to female
respondents. You do not need to stop at two categories – you
can compare as many groups as you like. For
example, you can see how the career goals of respondents age
50-64, 65-74, and 75+ differ from one another.
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 39
Example Analysis and Presentation Approach Using the Sample
Survey
To give you an idea of how to analyze, interpret, and present
your survey results, this toolkit offers an example of
how this might be done with the sample survey provided in this
toolkit. Below are examples with selected questions
from the sample survey (the actual survey questions are shown
for your easy reference).
• This tool highlights the approach to the analysis, which
always begins with the research question that you want
to answer, or the information you want to bring to light with a
particular survey question.
• The examples also include possible ways to present survey
results with charts or tables. In the examples, we
have used Excel to create all the charts.
EXAMPLE 1
Research Question: What is the demand for workforce training
and career development services?
Survey Question 2: Which of the following are you interested
in?
Taking courses that can help me find employment, or change or
advance my career.
Career services (career counseling, job fair, etc)
Neither. You are done with the survey! Please follow the
instructions for returning the survey to [College Name].
Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation
For this survey question, the research question you are
examining really breaks down into two sub-questions: (1)
what percentage of respondents checked that they are not
interested in courses or career services (those who
checked “neither”)?; and (2) for those who are interested in one
or the other, what is the rate of interest in or
demand for each?
What percentage of your target market is interested in
workforce training and career development
services?
What is the percentage that did not check “neither”? Say that
25% checked “neither.” This means that 75% of your
respondents are interested in courses and/or services. You
should be careful in generalizing to the population: in
other words, just because 75% of your respondents are
interested, this does not necessarily mean that 75% of your
population or target market is interested. This is because those
who are not interested in these are much less
motivated to return the survey to you, especially if they filled it
out on paper and can’t turn it in with a click of a
mouse.
The rate of respondents interested in workforce development
programming gives you an idea of demand among
those in your target market. You may also want to investigate
what the rate of interest is for different age groups. It
is reasonable to expect that there is more demand for workforce
development programming among those 50-64 –
but how much more? You may be surprised to find that there is
actually significant demand among those 65-74, or
even 75+. To investigate this, you would do a “crosstab” (see
above) to separate your respondents into age
categories, and find out what percent checked one or both of the
first two response options. Understanding the
demand in different age groups will help you decide how to
tailor your programming. For example, if you have
enough demand among those 65 and older that you want to
specifically target their needs, you might have a greater
emphasis on services that can help people address ageism
during their job search.
What is the demand for courses? For services?
To understand the needs of your target market, you want to find
out where the interest lies – whether it is in taking
courses, or accessing services, or both. There are several
percentages useful for analysis: (1) those interested in
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 40
courses; (2) those interested in services; (3) those interested
only in courses and not in services; (4) those interested
only in services and not in courses; (4) those interested in both.
Looking at all these aspects of the question will help
you to decide where to concentrate resources in your
programming – in workforce training programs, in career
development services, or in both.
Sample Graphic and Interpretation
68%
17%
22%
40%
29%
54%
25%
54%
73%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Neither
Courses that can help me
find employment, or change
or advance my career
Career services
Percentage of Respondents
Interest in Workforce Training and Career Development
Services
50‐64
n=112
65‐74
n=79
75+
n=67
Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents
could check all that apply.
A majority of respondents age 50-64 reported that
they are interested in career services (73%). A little
over half (54%) have an interest in taking courses
that will help them find employment, change, or
advance their careers. There is less interest in
either of these offerings in the older age cohorts.
EXAMPLE 2
Research Question: What are the barriers to taking college
courses, perceived by the plus 50 population?
Survey Question 5: Which of the following do you believe
might be obstacles to your taking courses at [name of
community college]? (Check all that apply.)
When classes are at times that do not fit my schedule.
Classrooms are not physically very accessible (up stairs, desks
uncomfortable, etc)
Courses too expensive
To register, I might need to find my high school transcript
No access to easy transportation to campus
Concern about returning to a school environment after many
years out of school
Limited knowledge of how to use computers
The professors might be gearing their teaching style to young
adults
I need help choosing classes, and advising might be geared to
young adults
I need to brush up on math skills
I need to brush up on writing skills
I need to brush up on my study skills
None of the above
Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation
This question is designed to help you identify what the people
in your target market perceive as obstacles to coming
to your college for coursework. Understanding their perceptions
about this will guide decisions regarding how your
program should provide support or remove these obstacles if
possible. It can also provide guidance for marketing
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 41
your program. For example, if those in your target market fear
that courses are too expensive, but in fact courses are
affordable or financial assistance is available, you should
include this information in your marketing materials.
In analyzing this question, you will be investigating what
percentage of respondents checked each response. What
responses were checked the most often? These are the most
common obstacles that your target market perceives.
You should also separate out your sample by age group, and see
what percentage checked each response within each
age group. For example, you may want to know if physical
accessibility is a far more frequent issue among those in
the older age cohorts, or if it is a widespread issue.
Sample Graphic and Interpretation
18%
22%
27%
29%
31%
33%
42%
45%
49%
62%
63%
68%
79%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Classrooms are not physically very accessible (up
stairs, desks uncomfortable, etc)
To register, I might need to find my high school
transcript
No access to easy transportation to campus
I need to brush up on math skills
None of the above
I need to brush up on writing skills
I need to brush up on my study skills
Limited knowledge of how to use computers
I need help choosing classes, and advising might
be geared to young adults
The professors might be gearing their teaching
style to young adults
Courses too expensive
Concern about returning to a school environment
after many years out of school
When classes are at times that
do not fit my schedule
Percentage of Respondents
Barriers to Taking Courses
n=212
Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents
could check all that apply.
Responses to questions about barriers to taking
courses reveal that many of the potential students
do in fact perceive that they face multiple
challenges. They most frequently reported that
enrolling in courses that fit their schedules could be
challenging (79%). Other common challenges are:
taking courses after having been out of the school
environment for many years (68%); cost (63%);
and the perception that professors gear their
teaching styles towards younger students (62%).
EXAMPLE 3
Research Question: What type of tailoring will make the plus 50
population feel welcome?
Survey Question:
12. Career services can be tailored to those 50 and older in
a variety of ways. What are the ways that are personally
important to you?
Not very
important
Important
Extremely
important
At least some of the staff there are 50 or older.
Career counselors have been trained specifically to understand
the specific assets and challenges of a 50+ job seeker.
Job fairs include only, or mostly, employers that are “plus 50
friendly.”
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 42
Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 43
12. Career services can be tailored to those 50 and older in
Not very Extremely a variety of ways. What are the ways that
are personally Important
important important
important to you?
The paper and electronic resources available focus on the job
search and career issues specific to those who are 50+.
There are “brush-up” classes for adults getting ready to return
to the classroom or workforce, helping them to refresh skills
they have but have not used recently.
Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation
How people answered this question will help you to see what is
really important to them in tailoring services. The
first thing to look at is whether high rates of people (for
example, over 50%) say that a particular way of tailoring
services is not very important. If a majority of your target
market does not find a particular aspect important, then
you may decide not to include it in your program design.
However, your “cutoff” percentage is something you
should choose yourself. A majority may not find something
important, but you may still consider an aspect of
tailoring important if 40% of your respondents check
“important” or “extremely important.”
Thinking about the other end of the scale, you should look at
the percentage of people who mark something as
“extremely important.” Those aspects with the highest
percentages checking this response option may become the
aspects of tailoring that you emphasize.
Sample Graphic and Interpretation
When asked about the
importance of tailoring
career services to the needs
of students age 50 or older,
respondents indicated that
tailored services are
personally important to
them. Respondents
particularly value career
counselors who are
knowledgeable about and
understanding of the needs
of adults age 50 or older: a
majority (83%) of
respondents reported that it
is either “important” or “extremely important” that career couns
elors have been trained specifically to
understand the specific assets and challenges of a 50 or older jo
b seeker. In addition, respondents reported
that it is either “important” or “extremely important” for the col
lege to host job fairs that only or mostly
include employers that are “plus 50 friendly” (78%) and for the
college to provide paper and electronic
resources that focus on the job search and career issues specific
to those who are 50+ (77%).
Career services
(n=187)
Not very
important
Important
Extremely
important
At least some of the staff there are 50 or older. 34% 37%
29%
Career counselors have been trained specifically
to understand the specific assets and challenges
of a 50+ job seeker.
17% 55% 28%
Job fairs include only, or mostly, employers that
are “plus 50 friendly.”
22% 43% 35%
The paper and electronic resources available
focus on the job search and career issues specific
to those who are 50+.
23% 41% 36%
There are “brush‐up” classes for adults getting
ready to return to the classroom or workforce,
helping them to refresh skills they have but have
not used recently
31% 36% 33%
Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan
This part of the toolkit provides you with a template that you
can use to create your own data analysis plan. As discussed in
the Survey Analysis
Guidelines, you can use data analysis plan to keep your analysis
organized. You can create your data analysis plan in three steps
using the template:
1) Write out a research question (left hand column);
2) Identify the survey question (or questions) that will help you
answer a particular question (middle column); and
3) Plan how to use the data from that survey question(s) in
order to answer the question you have set out for yourself (right
hand column).
The sample plan provided here uses the sample survey also
provided in the toolkit to provide you with ideas about how to
go about linking survey
questions to research questions, and what you might think about
in making your plans to slice and dice the data.
Research Question, or:
Information the Survey
Can Uncover
Survey Questions
Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or
:
To Highlight Specific Information
What does the survey
sample look like?
How representative is the
survey sample of the
target population?
Q1: Questions on gender,
age, zip code, and
household income
• For each of these demographic items, look at the distribution
of responses among the
choices.
• This first tells you the demographic profile of those who
returned the survey.
• It is also a good idea to use this information to compare your
sample with the
demographics of the area, which are available from census data.
Please see the Market
Sizing Instructions and Using Publically Available Data
sections of this tool kit for more
specific information about where to find that information and
how to use it.
• Understanding the extent to which your survey represents your
local plus 50 population
will help you when you draw inferences from the data. You can
remind those who read
the needs assessment that this sample may under-represent or
over-represent certain age
or gender groups.
Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 44
http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/�
Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 45
Research Question, or:
Information the Survey
Can Uncover
Survey Questions
or: Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Questio
n,
To Highlight Specific Information
What is the demand for
workforce training and
career development
services?
Q2: Which of the
following are you
interested in?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option.
• Look first at how many checked either the first or the second
response. This gives you an
idea of what percentage of those in your target population are
interested in workforce
development programming. However, remember that if this
survey was administered on
paper, this percentage is likely to be greater than the true
percentage – since those who
checked “neither” are less likely to have gone to the trouble of
turning in the survey.
• Next look at the percentage of respondents checking “courses”
or “services” to
understand their relative popularity.
• Also run crosstabs to see what the overlap is – what
percentage of the population wants
both?
In what fields is the plus
50 population interested in
pursuing a career?
This information helps
you decide the fields in
which to develop
workforce training
courses.
Q3: In which of the
following fields do you
have an interest?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• This highlights the fields that are the most popular among
your respondents.
What are the goals of plus
50 population in taking
courses: to upgrade
specific skills, or to obtain
a credential or certificate?
Q4: Which of the
following would you like
to pursue?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• The relative frequency with which each item is checked will
tell you whether respondents
are interested in a program of courses leading to a credential or
certificate, or whether
they are more interested in taking a few courses in order to
upgrade some specific skills.
• The frequency with which people check the first option will
tell you what the need is for a
specific type of course that helps plus 50 individuals become
competitive in the
workplace: a basic computer course.
What are the barriers to
taking college courses,
perceived by the plus 50
population?
Q5: Which of the
following do you believe
might be obstacles to your
taking courses at [name of
community college]?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• The frequency with which these items are checked will tell
you about those things that
might deter them from taking courses as the college.
• The more frequently something is identified as a barrier, the
more you may want to take it
into consideration when developing and marketing your
program.
Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 46
Research Question, or:
Information the Survey
Can Uncover
Survey Questions
Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or
:
To Highlight Specific Information
What scheduling works
best for the plus 50
population?
Q6: What time of day or
week would you like to
take classes?
• Look at the percentage of people who check “daytime” vs.
“evening,” and “weekday” vs.
“weekend.”
• You should also select just those respondents who checked
“weekday,” and – within that
group – look at the percentage that checked “daytime” vs.
“evening.” You should then do
the same for “weekend” (select only those checking “weekend”
and look at the
percentage for “daytime” and “evening”).
• Looking at these results will give you an idea of what type of
scheduling is the most
convenient for your local plus 50 population.
Is the plus 50 population
willing to spend more
hours per week in class in
order to take accelerated
courses?
Q7: How much time per
week would you be able to
attend classes?
• Look at the distribution of responses among the choices.
• Note that the respondents were allowed to check only one
answer – this tells us the most
hours that people are willing to spend per week in order to
accelerate their progression.
• Looking at these results will provide information that will
help you decide on course
length.
What delivery mode for
classes is most attractive
to the plus 50 population?
Q8: What delivery mode
of classes would interest
you?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• This will show you what delivery modes are most popular, and
help you decide what
mode(s) you will use in creating offerings for your local plus 50
population.
What are the employment
needs and goals of the
plus 50 population? Is the
need concentrated among
those who do not have a
job and need one, among
people who are looking to
advance their careers, or
people who want to start a
business?
Q9: Please tell us about
your current career goals?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• Those who answered “I am unemployed and want to find a
job,” or “I have to go back to
work,” are those who are in the position of needing employment
and possibly having lost
their jobs as a result of the economic downturn. They will need
career services focused on
getting back into employment as soon as possible, and on
keeping a positive attitude.
• Those who answered “I want to start or grow my own
business” will be most interested
in services for entrepreneurs.
• Those who provided other answers will be interested in
services that can help them figure
out the right next steps to take in their career such as career
assessment.
Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 47
Research Question, or:
Information the Survey
Can Uncover
Survey Questions
Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or
:
To Highlight Specific Information
What specific career
services would the plus 50
population find to be the
most useful?
Q10: Here is a list of
services that can be
tailored specifically to the
needs and interests of
those 50 or older? Which
of the following would
you use?
• Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each
answer option. Rank them from
high to low.
• This survey question builds on question #9, and shows what
types of services are likely to
be the most popular.
What are the specific job
search skills that the plus
50 population really
needs?
Q11: What are you
interested in learning
about?
• For each option in question 11, look at how answers are
distributed among “not very
interested,” “interested,” and “extremely interested.”
• You may find that there is little interest in starting a business
or writing a cover letter, but
a great deal of interest in using the internet for a job search, or
locating jobs to apply for.
Information such as this will help you to understand where it
makes sense to focus your
career services.
• Seeing that fairly large percentages check “not very
interested” for some items will help
you know that programming in this area may not be a good use
of your resources (and
this can be very useful information, since resources are scarce).
What type of tailoring will
make the plus 50
population feel welcome?
Q12: Career services can
be tailored to those 50 and
older in a variety of ways.
What are the ways that are
personally important to
you?
• For each option in question 12, look at how answers are
distributed among “not very
important,” “important,” and “extremely important.”
• The results will show how important specific types of tailoring
are. For example,
respondents may care a lot about having access to “brush-up”
classes, but they may care
little about having staff on site who are in their age group.

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Infant Formula Survey Results Flyer

  • 1. 1 English 211 Flyer Assignment Designing Graphics Creating Reader-Centered Graphics - The Exercise Background -- Infant Formula Contents: You are on a nutrition team at a pharmaceutical company that is planning to introduce a new infant formula. As a part of background research, your company has conducted a survey of women pregnant for the first time. The purpose of the survey is to assess the awareness of this group for the nutrients that infants need and do not need from a formula. The results are shown below. Each nutrient was read to the respondents, and they were asked whether or not that nutrient was important for an infant to receive. Also noted in this chart is whether the nutrient is, in fact, currently an accepted ingredient in infant formulas. Nutrient Yes, important % No, not important % Accepted Guidelines yes or no Protein 99 1 yes Fat 92 8 yes Water 100
  • 2. 0 yes Vitamin A 90 10 yes Vitamin D 88 12 yes Vitamin B1 87 13 yes Niacin 96 4 yes Lead 4 96 no Vitamin C 98 2 yes Choline 54 46 yes Chlorine 98 2 no Chloride 60
  • 3. 40 yes Calcium 98 2 yes Copper 53 47 yes Iron 99 1 yes The Question: The nutrients that are included in the new formula have already been determined, and include all the nutrients labeled "yes" above. Some concerns were raised among your team that any mothers at all would think that lead and chlorine are important nutrients. You have yet to formulate a plan to address those concerns, but you would like a report ready for the marketing department that illustrates the results of the above survey. The Task: Using this information and the various resources in this Session, · Write a business memo to your Team (you may create the Team name) and briefly describe your task. · Offer at least 2 different graphical versions of this information, along with verbal rationale as to how/why that version might best be used for the new product. · Note that you DO NOT have to produce the actual flyer, but your input should help with the final product design, which the Team is responsible for. And your graphics may help with this task. Additional resource suggestions for developing you flyer
  • 4. outside of the text book resources: http://www.creativebloq.com/design/flyer-912663 How to Make a Flyer using Microsoft Word - YouTube www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc6XehtnMRoShare Oct 6, 2010 – http://www.desktoppublishingbusiness.com -- Make a Flyer, Make a Flyer Using Word, How to Make a Flyer, How to Design a Flyer. Evaluation This assignment is worth 50 points. Evaluation will be based on the following criteria at minimum: 1. Audience: Has the appropriate audience been considered for the document and/or has consideration been given to the scenario described in the assignment? 2. Format: Is the document formatted according to assignment requirements and standard business practices? 3. Document elements: Does the document include all necessary elements, per the assignment and the particular type of document? 4. Graphics – Have meaningful graphical solutions been offered, based on the assignment details? 5. Language, Mechanics, grammatical issues: Does the document use acceptable business language/style? Is the document free from errors in spelling, grammar, mechanics and punctuation? CREATING GRAPHICS Planning 1. Identify places where graphics will increase your communication’s usability.
  • 5. 2. Identify places where graphics will increase your communication’s persuasiveness. Selecting 1. Select the types of graphics that will best support your readers’ tasks. 2. Select the types of graphics that will effectively influence your readers’ attitudes. Designing 1. Design graphics that are easy to understand and use. 2. Design them to support your readers’ tasks. 3. Design graphics that your readers will find persuasive. 4. Keep your graphics simple enough for easy use. 5. Label content clearly. 6. Provide your graphics with informative titles. Using Color 1. Use colors to support your message. 2. Use color for emphasis, not decoration. 3. Choose a color scheme, not just individual colors. 4. Provide high contrast between text and background.
  • 6. 5. Select colors with appropriate associations. 6. Limit the number of colors. 7. Use color to unify the overall communication. Integrating with the Text 1. Introduce each graphic in the text. 2. Tell your readers the conclusions you want them to draw. 3. Provide all explanations your readers will need in order to understand and use each graphic. 4. Locate each graphic near the references to it. Addressing an International Audience 1. Check your graphics with persons from the other nations. Using Graphics Ethically 1. Avoid elements that might mislead your readers. 2. Obtain permission from the copyright owner of each image that is not in the public domain. From Paul V. Anderson’s Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach
  • 7. What will I find in this section of the toolkit? Toolkit Section Tools in the Section Introduction to the Toolkit Why do a Needs Assessment? What might your Needs Assessment Include? Getting Ready: Laying the Groundwork before You Begin the Needs Assessment Assessing Local Employer Needs Assessment of Local Employer and Industry Needs Market Sizing Instructions for Sizing the Market for Plus 50 Workforce Education Programming Market Sizing Tool Survey Development Survey Development Guidelines Sample Survey Survey Administration Survey Administration Guidelines: How to Administer a Needs Assessment Survey Survey Analysis
  • 8. Survey Analysis Guidelines Sample Survey Analysis Plan Conducting Focus Groups and Using Focus Group Data Focus Group Guidelines: How to Plan for and Facilitate a Focus Group Sample Focus Group Questions Summarizing Focus Group Results Writing your Needs Assessment Report Sample Discussion Questions for Group Reflection on your Data Sample Needs Assessment Report Outline Sample Recommendations http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/� Survey Analysis Guidelines What is Survey Analysis? It is not Rocket Science!
  • 9. People often think of “data analysis,” especially when the data come from surveys, as “number crunching.” Although you will need to crunch of few numbers to analyze your survey data, we mean by “analysis” something less esoteric. Quite simply, analysis is all about using data to reveal information that is important to making decisions. When analysis is included in a report, as it is in the needs assessment you are undertaking, the term “survey analysis” includes telling the story of the survey results to others. What deeper question about plus 50 needs are you asking? How do the survey results help you answer it? When reading these guidelines and doing your own survey analysis, continue to return to this touchstone – it will help you stay focused on what really matters in data analysis, rather than getting caught up in number crunching details. If you find yourself getting lost in the data, just ask yourself: “What is it that I really want to know? How do the survey results help me answer that question? How can I present the results to tell my readers how the survey results answer that question?” How to Use the Survey Analysis and Presentation Guidelines These guidelines are intended to support your college’s effort to analyze and present survey data from an assessment of plus 50 workforce programming needs in your college’s service area. These guidelines will help you to decide what questions your data can answer, what type of analyses to do, and how to present and interpret results. You can use the results of the survey analysis to present your data in many different ways and to communicate the results of your needs assessment survey to a variety of audiences. There is no one right way!
  • 10. It is important to keep in mind that data analysis is an iterative process. Often results from one type of analysis may yield new questions, resulting in another round of data analysis. For instance, you may look at the results of how survey respondents answered a question about their career development needs and then wonder how those results differ between and men and women. You should be prepared to engage in a few rounds of data analysis based on the types of questions you ask, how “deep” into the data you wish to go, and the types of responses you get to your survey. You may also present preliminary results to your colleagues, and they may come up with additional questions that you may take back to the data for another round of analysis. Research Questions and Analysis Plans Good survey analysis is always anchored in a clear “research question.” The term “research question” is simply a handy way to refer to your touchstone: the question of “what do I really want to know?” To keep your analysis organized, you should create an analysis plan that links research questions to survey questions. In the tool kit we have provided a Sample Analysis Plan that shows how the questions on the sample survey might be used to answer specific research questions. This sample plan is meant to provide you with some initial ideas. You will have your own research questions, and will tailor the survey to your college’s needs and plans. Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 36
  • 11. http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/� Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 37 Two Approaches to Survey Analysis and Presentation There are two approaches to analyzing survey data that we outline here: one is relatively simple (“basic analysis”) and the other is slightly more complex but allows you more options (“advanced analysis”). The basic analysis utilizes the built-in analysis and graphing capabilities of survey software, such as Survey Monkey or Zoomerang. The advanced analysis involves using Microsoft Excel to conduct more sophisticated analyses and create more customizable charts and graphs. Depending on your background and experience with statistical analysis and graphing, you may choose either approach or a combination of both. Guidelines for basic and advanced package analysis are outlined below. Basic Analysis and Results Presentation Using Online Survey Software Programs If you administer your needs assessment survey using an online survey software program, then no further data entry is necessary because the data is stored in a database online. If you administered paper surveys, then you need to enter the survey responses into an online survey software program. To do this you would create an account and follow the instructions for designing an online survey. You will then manually enter responses from the paper surveys into the online survey. Many survey software programs, such as Survey Monkey or Zoomerang, have the capabilities to perform basic analysis of your survey data. For
  • 12. individual closed-ended questions these online survey software programs will tabulate the number and percentage of respondents who clicked each response option, such as how many men and how many women responded to your survey. They also allow to you perform comparisons on how different groups of respondents answer your survey questions. You should consult the software program’s Help Center and tutorials for further instructions on how to create custom charts.1 Below are some sample charts created using Survey Monkey. The pie chart on the left shows the percentage of respondents in each age group. The stacked column chart on the right shows the percentage of respondents in each age group based on their gender. Survey Monkey can also create bar, line, and area charts. Advanced Analysis and Results Presentation Using Excel You may wish to do more customized or more complex analyses than online survey software programs will allow. In this case, we recommend that you use Excel to store, analyze, and graph your data. 1 Please note that charting functions are not typically available with basic, free packages of online survey software programs. You will have to purchase a professional or premium subscription of a software package to receive this advanced feature. Data Entry and Storage • If the survey was administered online, you can download all of the responses collected into Excel. See the Help
  • 13. Center of your survey software program for information on instructions. • If you administered paper surveys you will need to manually enter the survey responses into Excel. Number Crunching and Visual Presentation • Once the data has been exported or entered into Excel, you will use Excel’s functions to do the analysis, such as calculating averages or the frequency of responses (the pie chart above is an example of a frequency distributions). • To make charts and other graphics, use the chart wizard or reference demos for further instructions on how to create custom charts. • For further assistance you should engage a work study student or someone in your college’s Institutional Research Department who has knowledge of conducting analysis and creating charts in Excel. Work study students may be able to provide help with data entry and the IR Department may be able to provide technical assistance on analysis. Getting Additional Help • You have the distinct advantage of working on a college campus, where you are surrounded by people who have a great deal of expertise: professors; students; and staff (especially staff in your Institutional Research Department). • If you want assistance with number crunching or charting,
  • 14. consider reaching out to faculty and staff on your campus, or engaging a work-study student. Individuals such as these are highly valuable sources of free or inexpensive help! Below are some sample charts created using Excel. The bar chart on the left shows the percentage of respondents interested in pursuing each workforce training goal. The bar chart on the right shows the percentage of respondents in each age group who prefer taking classes in each time of day or week. 29% 42% 79% 87% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Professional or technical degree or certificate License or professional credential Basic or reivew computer training courses Targeted courses to upgrade or acquire new skills (not including computer skills) Percentage of Respondents
  • 15. Workforce Training Goals n=167 Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents could check all that apply. 16% 34% 71% 87% 83% 48% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 75+ n=15 65‐74 n=47 50‐64 n=84 Percentage of Respondents Preferred Time of Day of Classes for different Age Groups Daytime Evening
  • 16. Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents could check all that apply. Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 38 Types of Analysis There are several procedures you can use to analyze your needs assessment data. Below are two basic types of analyses that will provide useful information about your survey sample. You can do both of these types of analysis in online survey software programs or Excel. For all types of analysis, it is important to keep in mind that you are analyzing the data based on the number of people who answered that particular question, not the number of people who responded to the survey. So, you might have had 120 people respond to your survey, but only 100 people answered the question about their career goals. In this case, you should make sure that Excel or your online survey software is calculating the percent of people who chose each career goal response option based on 100 people, not based on 120. (In more technical terms, you want to make sure that you are using 100 as the denominator in your calculations, not 120.) There are many reasons why the number of people who responded to the survey are not necessarily the same as the number of people who responded to any one question. Here are some example reasons why people may have not answered a particular question or skipped it: they may have felt the
  • 17. survey was too long and only completed some of the questions, they may not have known the answer to a particular question, or based on their response to a prior question they may have been instructed to skip certain questions. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics describe and summarize the quantitative information from your survey about your sample. It includes such summary measures as: • Mean (the average value – e.g. the average home price in your county); • Median (the value at which half of the values are above, and half are below – e.g. at the median home price in your county, exactly half of the houses cost more; and the other half costs less); and • Frequencies (the percentage of responses that fall into a set of categories – e.g. in your county, 20% of the housing prices are $200,000 or less; 50% of them fall in the $200,000-$500,000 range; and the remaining 30% are over $500,000). Strictly speaking, you cannot use your results to describe the actual population that your survey was sent to. For example, say that 65% of your respondents said they were interested in a basic computer course. This does not meant that 65% of your target population is interested in the computer course! This is because your sample of survey respondents does not perfectly represent the larger population from which it was drawn. Don’t worry!! This is always the case with survey data. While you cannot generalize with 100% accuracy to the larger
  • 18. population, you can use descriptive statistics to get an excellent idea of what the population’s needs and preferences are. Also, you will often be concerned more with comparisons between numbers than with the value of a number. For example, you may be interested in seeing what was most often marked as an obstacle to taking college courses. Cross-tabulations Simple cross-tabulations allow you to compare the results of two mutually exclusive groups of respondents. An example of a simple cross-tabulation would be comparing the career goals of male respondents to female respondents. You do not need to stop at two categories – you can compare as many groups as you like. For example, you can see how the career goals of respondents age 50-64, 65-74, and 75+ differ from one another. Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 39 Example Analysis and Presentation Approach Using the Sample Survey To give you an idea of how to analyze, interpret, and present your survey results, this toolkit offers an example of how this might be done with the sample survey provided in this toolkit. Below are examples with selected questions from the sample survey (the actual survey questions are shown for your easy reference). • This tool highlights the approach to the analysis, which
  • 19. always begins with the research question that you want to answer, or the information you want to bring to light with a particular survey question. • The examples also include possible ways to present survey results with charts or tables. In the examples, we have used Excel to create all the charts. EXAMPLE 1 Research Question: What is the demand for workforce training and career development services? Survey Question 2: Which of the following are you interested in? Taking courses that can help me find employment, or change or advance my career. Career services (career counseling, job fair, etc) Neither. You are done with the survey! Please follow the instructions for returning the survey to [College Name]. Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation For this survey question, the research question you are examining really breaks down into two sub-questions: (1) what percentage of respondents checked that they are not interested in courses or career services (those who checked “neither”)?; and (2) for those who are interested in one or the other, what is the rate of interest in or demand for each? What percentage of your target market is interested in workforce training and career development services? What is the percentage that did not check “neither”? Say that
  • 20. 25% checked “neither.” This means that 75% of your respondents are interested in courses and/or services. You should be careful in generalizing to the population: in other words, just because 75% of your respondents are interested, this does not necessarily mean that 75% of your population or target market is interested. This is because those who are not interested in these are much less motivated to return the survey to you, especially if they filled it out on paper and can’t turn it in with a click of a mouse. The rate of respondents interested in workforce development programming gives you an idea of demand among those in your target market. You may also want to investigate what the rate of interest is for different age groups. It is reasonable to expect that there is more demand for workforce development programming among those 50-64 – but how much more? You may be surprised to find that there is actually significant demand among those 65-74, or even 75+. To investigate this, you would do a “crosstab” (see above) to separate your respondents into age categories, and find out what percent checked one or both of the first two response options. Understanding the demand in different age groups will help you decide how to tailor your programming. For example, if you have enough demand among those 65 and older that you want to specifically target their needs, you might have a greater emphasis on services that can help people address ageism during their job search. What is the demand for courses? For services? To understand the needs of your target market, you want to find out where the interest lies – whether it is in taking courses, or accessing services, or both. There are several percentages useful for analysis: (1) those interested in
  • 21. Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 40 courses; (2) those interested in services; (3) those interested only in courses and not in services; (4) those interested only in services and not in courses; (4) those interested in both. Looking at all these aspects of the question will help you to decide where to concentrate resources in your programming – in workforce training programs, in career development services, or in both. Sample Graphic and Interpretation 68% 17% 22% 40% 29% 54% 25% 54% 73% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
  • 22. Neither Courses that can help me find employment, or change or advance my career Career services Percentage of Respondents Interest in Workforce Training and Career Development Services 50‐64 n=112 65‐74 n=79 75+ n=67 Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents could check all that apply. A majority of respondents age 50-64 reported that they are interested in career services (73%). A little over half (54%) have an interest in taking courses that will help them find employment, change, or advance their careers. There is less interest in either of these offerings in the older age cohorts. EXAMPLE 2
  • 23. Research Question: What are the barriers to taking college courses, perceived by the plus 50 population? Survey Question 5: Which of the following do you believe might be obstacles to your taking courses at [name of community college]? (Check all that apply.) When classes are at times that do not fit my schedule. Classrooms are not physically very accessible (up stairs, desks uncomfortable, etc) Courses too expensive To register, I might need to find my high school transcript No access to easy transportation to campus Concern about returning to a school environment after many years out of school Limited knowledge of how to use computers The professors might be gearing their teaching style to young adults I need help choosing classes, and advising might be geared to young adults I need to brush up on math skills I need to brush up on writing skills I need to brush up on my study skills None of the above Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation This question is designed to help you identify what the people in your target market perceive as obstacles to coming to your college for coursework. Understanding their perceptions about this will guide decisions regarding how your program should provide support or remove these obstacles if possible. It can also provide guidance for marketing
  • 24. Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 41 your program. For example, if those in your target market fear that courses are too expensive, but in fact courses are affordable or financial assistance is available, you should include this information in your marketing materials. In analyzing this question, you will be investigating what percentage of respondents checked each response. What responses were checked the most often? These are the most common obstacles that your target market perceives. You should also separate out your sample by age group, and see what percentage checked each response within each age group. For example, you may want to know if physical accessibility is a far more frequent issue among those in the older age cohorts, or if it is a widespread issue. Sample Graphic and Interpretation 18% 22% 27% 29% 31% 33% 42%
  • 25. 45% 49% 62% 63% 68% 79% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Classrooms are not physically very accessible (up stairs, desks uncomfortable, etc) To register, I might need to find my high school transcript No access to easy transportation to campus I need to brush up on math skills None of the above I need to brush up on writing skills I need to brush up on my study skills Limited knowledge of how to use computers I need help choosing classes, and advising might be geared to young adults
  • 26. The professors might be gearing their teaching style to young adults Courses too expensive Concern about returning to a school environment after many years out of school When classes are at times that do not fit my schedule Percentage of Respondents Barriers to Taking Courses n=212 Note, percentages do not total 100% because respondents could check all that apply. Responses to questions about barriers to taking courses reveal that many of the potential students do in fact perceive that they face multiple challenges. They most frequently reported that enrolling in courses that fit their schedules could be challenging (79%). Other common challenges are: taking courses after having been out of the school environment for many years (68%); cost (63%); and the perception that professors gear their teaching styles towards younger students (62%). EXAMPLE 3 Research Question: What type of tailoring will make the plus 50 population feel welcome?
  • 27. Survey Question: 12. Career services can be tailored to those 50 and older in a variety of ways. What are the ways that are personally important to you? Not very important Important Extremely important At least some of the staff there are 50 or older. Career counselors have been trained specifically to understand the specific assets and challenges of a 50+ job seeker. Job fairs include only, or mostly, employers that are “plus 50 friendly.” Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 42 Survey Analysis Guidelines | 2009 43 12. Career services can be tailored to those 50 and older in Not very Extremely a variety of ways. What are the ways that are personally Important important important
  • 28. important to you? The paper and electronic resources available focus on the job search and career issues specific to those who are 50+. There are “brush-up” classes for adults getting ready to return to the classroom or workforce, helping them to refresh skills they have but have not used recently. Guidance for Analysis and Interpretation How people answered this question will help you to see what is really important to them in tailoring services. The first thing to look at is whether high rates of people (for example, over 50%) say that a particular way of tailoring services is not very important. If a majority of your target market does not find a particular aspect important, then you may decide not to include it in your program design. However, your “cutoff” percentage is something you should choose yourself. A majority may not find something important, but you may still consider an aspect of tailoring important if 40% of your respondents check “important” or “extremely important.” Thinking about the other end of the scale, you should look at the percentage of people who mark something as “extremely important.” Those aspects with the highest percentages checking this response option may become the aspects of tailoring that you emphasize. Sample Graphic and Interpretation When asked about the importance of tailoring career services to the needs of students age 50 or older, respondents indicated that
  • 29. tailored services are personally important to them. Respondents particularly value career counselors who are knowledgeable about and understanding of the needs of adults age 50 or older: a majority (83%) of respondents reported that it is either “important” or “extremely important” that career couns elors have been trained specifically to understand the specific assets and challenges of a 50 or older jo b seeker. In addition, respondents reported that it is either “important” or “extremely important” for the col lege to host job fairs that only or mostly include employers that are “plus 50 friendly” (78%) and for the college to provide paper and electronic resources that focus on the job search and career issues specific to those who are 50+ (77%). Career services (n=187) Not very important Important Extremely important At least some of the staff there are 50 or older. 34% 37% 29% Career counselors have been trained specifically to understand the specific assets and challenges of a 50+ job seeker.
  • 30. 17% 55% 28% Job fairs include only, or mostly, employers that are “plus 50 friendly.” 22% 43% 35% The paper and electronic resources available focus on the job search and career issues specific to those who are 50+. 23% 41% 36% There are “brush‐up” classes for adults getting ready to return to the classroom or workforce, helping them to refresh skills they have but have not used recently 31% 36% 33% Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan This part of the toolkit provides you with a template that you can use to create your own data analysis plan. As discussed in the Survey Analysis Guidelines, you can use data analysis plan to keep your analysis organized. You can create your data analysis plan in three steps using the template: 1) Write out a research question (left hand column);
  • 31. 2) Identify the survey question (or questions) that will help you answer a particular question (middle column); and 3) Plan how to use the data from that survey question(s) in order to answer the question you have set out for yourself (right hand column). The sample plan provided here uses the sample survey also provided in the toolkit to provide you with ideas about how to go about linking survey questions to research questions, and what you might think about in making your plans to slice and dice the data. Research Question, or: Information the Survey Can Uncover Survey Questions Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or : To Highlight Specific Information What does the survey sample look like? How representative is the survey sample of the target population? Q1: Questions on gender, age, zip code, and household income • For each of these demographic items, look at the distribution of responses among the
  • 32. choices. • This first tells you the demographic profile of those who returned the survey. • It is also a good idea to use this information to compare your sample with the demographics of the area, which are available from census data. Please see the Market Sizing Instructions and Using Publically Available Data sections of this tool kit for more specific information about where to find that information and how to use it. • Understanding the extent to which your survey represents your local plus 50 population will help you when you draw inferences from the data. You can remind those who read the needs assessment that this sample may under-represent or over-represent certain age or gender groups. Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 44 http://plus50.aacc.nche.edu/� Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 45 Research Question, or: Information the Survey
  • 33. Can Uncover Survey Questions or: Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Questio n, To Highlight Specific Information What is the demand for workforce training and career development services? Q2: Which of the following are you interested in? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. • Look first at how many checked either the first or the second response. This gives you an idea of what percentage of those in your target population are interested in workforce development programming. However, remember that if this survey was administered on paper, this percentage is likely to be greater than the true percentage – since those who checked “neither” are less likely to have gone to the trouble of turning in the survey. • Next look at the percentage of respondents checking “courses” or “services” to understand their relative popularity. • Also run crosstabs to see what the overlap is – what
  • 34. percentage of the population wants both? In what fields is the plus 50 population interested in pursuing a career? This information helps you decide the fields in which to develop workforce training courses. Q3: In which of the following fields do you have an interest? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from high to low. • This highlights the fields that are the most popular among your respondents. What are the goals of plus 50 population in taking courses: to upgrade specific skills, or to obtain a credential or certificate? Q4: Which of the following would you like to pursue? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from high to low.
  • 35. • The relative frequency with which each item is checked will tell you whether respondents are interested in a program of courses leading to a credential or certificate, or whether they are more interested in taking a few courses in order to upgrade some specific skills. • The frequency with which people check the first option will tell you what the need is for a specific type of course that helps plus 50 individuals become competitive in the workplace: a basic computer course. What are the barriers to taking college courses, perceived by the plus 50 population? Q5: Which of the following do you believe might be obstacles to your taking courses at [name of community college]? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from high to low. • The frequency with which these items are checked will tell you about those things that might deter them from taking courses as the college. • The more frequently something is identified as a barrier, the more you may want to take it into consideration when developing and marketing your
  • 36. program. Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 46 Research Question, or: Information the Survey Can Uncover Survey Questions Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or : To Highlight Specific Information What scheduling works best for the plus 50 population? Q6: What time of day or week would you like to take classes? • Look at the percentage of people who check “daytime” vs. “evening,” and “weekday” vs. “weekend.” • You should also select just those respondents who checked “weekday,” and – within that group – look at the percentage that checked “daytime” vs. “evening.” You should then do the same for “weekend” (select only those checking “weekend” and look at the
  • 37. percentage for “daytime” and “evening”). • Looking at these results will give you an idea of what type of scheduling is the most convenient for your local plus 50 population. Is the plus 50 population willing to spend more hours per week in class in order to take accelerated courses? Q7: How much time per week would you be able to attend classes? • Look at the distribution of responses among the choices. • Note that the respondents were allowed to check only one answer – this tells us the most hours that people are willing to spend per week in order to accelerate their progression. • Looking at these results will provide information that will help you decide on course length. What delivery mode for classes is most attractive to the plus 50 population? Q8: What delivery mode of classes would interest you? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from
  • 38. high to low. • This will show you what delivery modes are most popular, and help you decide what mode(s) you will use in creating offerings for your local plus 50 population. What are the employment needs and goals of the plus 50 population? Is the need concentrated among those who do not have a job and need one, among people who are looking to advance their careers, or people who want to start a business? Q9: Please tell us about your current career goals? • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from high to low. • Those who answered “I am unemployed and want to find a job,” or “I have to go back to work,” are those who are in the position of needing employment and possibly having lost their jobs as a result of the economic downturn. They will need career services focused on getting back into employment as soon as possible, and on keeping a positive attitude. • Those who answered “I want to start or grow my own business” will be most interested
  • 39. in services for entrepreneurs. • Those who provided other answers will be interested in services that can help them figure out the right next steps to take in their career such as career assessment. Sample Survey Data Analysis Plan | 2009 47 Research Question, or: Information the Survey Can Uncover Survey Questions Using the Survey Question to Answer the Research Question, or : To Highlight Specific Information What specific career services would the plus 50 population find to be the most useful? Q10: Here is a list of services that can be tailored specifically to the needs and interests of those 50 or older? Which of the following would you use?
  • 40. • Look at the percentage of respondents that checked each answer option. Rank them from high to low. • This survey question builds on question #9, and shows what types of services are likely to be the most popular. What are the specific job search skills that the plus 50 population really needs? Q11: What are you interested in learning about? • For each option in question 11, look at how answers are distributed among “not very interested,” “interested,” and “extremely interested.” • You may find that there is little interest in starting a business or writing a cover letter, but a great deal of interest in using the internet for a job search, or locating jobs to apply for. Information such as this will help you to understand where it makes sense to focus your career services. • Seeing that fairly large percentages check “not very interested” for some items will help you know that programming in this area may not be a good use of your resources (and this can be very useful information, since resources are scarce). What type of tailoring will
  • 41. make the plus 50 population feel welcome? Q12: Career services can be tailored to those 50 and older in a variety of ways. What are the ways that are personally important to you? • For each option in question 12, look at how answers are distributed among “not very important,” “important,” and “extremely important.” • The results will show how important specific types of tailoring are. For example, respondents may care a lot about having access to “brush-up” classes, but they may care little about having staff on site who are in their age group.