Information about the four areas of development: physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. And the role of parents in the same.

1. Bombay Cambridge Gurukul

3. Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their
lives, starting at birth. A child’s development can
be
observed in how s/he plays, learns, speaks and
behaves. All children develop at their own pace.
There are four main areas of development that
occur all at the same time: They are
• Physical development
• Cognitive development
• Social development
• Emotional development

4. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

5. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Gross (or large) motor skills involve larger muscles
including the arms and legs. Actions requiring gross
motor skills include walking, running, balancing and
coordination. When evaluating gross motor skills, the
factors that experts look at include strength, muscle
tone, movement quality and the range of movement.
Fine (or small) motor skills involve the smaller
muscles in the fingers, toes, eyes and other areas. The
actions that require fine motor skills tend to be more
intricate, such as drawing, colouring, threading,
writing, grasping objects, throwing, tearing,
crumpling, waving and catching.

7. What parents can do to encourage
Physical Development
• Feed your child nutritional meals.
• Establish a time for them to sleep at least 10 to
12 hours.
• Complete all standard immunizations.
• Take them for regular medical and dental
checkups.
• Teach them about good hygiene.

8. What parents can do to encourage
Physical Development
• Limit sedentary ‘screen time’ (computer/ TV) to
no more than 2 hours per day.
• Play music so that they can dance/sway to it
while enjoying it.
• Take them out for some time every day to a place
where they can play (and practice large motor
skills like balancing, climbing, running etc.)

9. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

10. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
This is the process of acquiring intelligence and
problem solving ability. This is the development
of a person’s ability to learn.
Cognitive development refers to growth in the
area of language (speaking, using body
language and gestures, communicating, and
understanding what others say) to gather
information, organize and use it, thinking and
learning skills including attention, planning,
problem-solving and memory.

11. An important concept in cognitive
development is that ‘Teaching’ should be
age-appropriate. That is, teaching should
take place at a level that is neither too
difficult and stressful nor too easy and
boring. E.g. It is not a good strategy to try to
push children to read before they are
developmentally ready; but when they are
ready, reading materials of the appropriate
level should be presented to them.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

12. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

13. What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development
• Give children choices.
• Ask children for their opinions through open
ended questions.
• Acknowledge your child’s attempts and not just
their successes.
• Help children develop attention and
concentration by making sure that quiet time is
set aside for learning tasks without TV or other
distractions.

14. What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development
• Get to know your child’s strengths and weaknesses.
• Focus his/her attention by pointing out things that
are interesting and by asking them about what they
noticed and encouraging them to express thoughts.
• Resist pressure to teach or to introduce academic
kinds of experiences. Children will learn the names
of colors and shapes in the course of normal
conversations if you use them naturally.

15. • Give them a free environment without any tight
limits and you may see them using play materials in
ways you never ever thought of.
• Tell them stories.
• Help them learn sequencing by encouraging them to
tell stories or the day’s events back to you.
• Curb your desire to give too much help; encourage
your child’s problem-solving.
• Choose the school board based on the child’s
potential.
What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development

16. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

17. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social development refers to the process by which
a child learns to interact with others around
him/her. As they develop and perceive their own
individuality within their community, they also
gain skills to communicate with other people and
process their actions. Social development most
often refers to how a child develops friendships and
other relationships, as well as how a child handles
conflict with peers.
Social development is learning how to behave and
get on well with others.

18.  Social development starts at birth.
 The foundations are laid in the early years.
 Social development occurs within relationships.
 Social skills are crucial to success at school and in
the world.
A Person who is social:
 Is friendly and optimistic.
 Participates in group work
 Makes relevant contributions.
 Is interested in others.
 Has an understanding of others’ reaction to them.
 Has positive non verbal interaction.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

19. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

20. This is the ability to
 Understand and recognize own emotions and
feelings.
Express emotions and feelings appropriately.
Recognize and respond to emotions and feelings
of others.
 Show good civic behavior in society.
Have healthy relationships with others.
The development of such abilities through time
results in a person’s degree of “Emotional
Intelligence.”
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

21. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Children’s abilities for recognizing, understanding
and managing their emotions are influenced by the
ways the adults who care for them acknowledge
and respond to their feelings.
Children who are emotionally stable and healthy
benefit by being more attentive to learning, feeling
good about themselves, having more friends and
being able to better control their behaviour.
So it’s very critical that parents provide support
and guidance for their children’s emotional
development.

22. SOCIAL – EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

23. What parents can do to encourage
Social Development
• Give your child opportunities to play with
other children.
• Help them learn to respect others through
adult actions, words, stories and
conversations.
• Encourage your child to say please, thank
you and sorry by using those words yourself
with your child and others at home.

24. What parents can do to encourage
Social Development
• Teach them to clean and straighten up at the
end of their play time.
• Appreciate when he/she shares something with
friends.
• Accept your child’s feelings. Promote
expression of feelings in age-appropriate
ways.

25. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
• Develop responsive and consistent care-giving
routines.
• Provide safety and security physically and
emotionally.
• Do not demand perfection from your child at
this age.
• Give them small responsibilities at home.

26. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
• Provide a nurturing and affectionate
environment.
• Answer their questions and give the right
information about their bodies and the world
around them.
• Have a structured day so that your child feels
secure.

27. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
• Show your children respect. Encourage respect
and appreciation for differences.
• Compliment your child when you catch him/her
doing good. Give specific praise for anything
done well.
• Do not make them feel guilty or shame them in
any way.

28. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
• Help children develop self-esteem by accepting
and respecting their efforts.
• Help children develop a positive attitude by
being trustworthy models.
• Keep instructions clear and simple.
• Nurture your own social and emotional
wellness.

29. For further queries and suggestions mail us at
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Website: www.bcgschools.org