change management

1. “Managing,
and Leading Organizational
Change”

2. What is Organizational
Change?
• An alteration of an organization’s environment,
structure, culture, technology, or people
– A constant force
– An organizational reality
– An opportunity or a threat
• Organizational Change – implies a
creation of imbalances in the existing
pattern of situation.

3. Change agent
– A person who initiates and assumes the
responsibility for managing a change in an
organization

4. Change Is …
• Inevitable
• Natural
• Constant
• A process
ADAPT OR DIE!ADAPT OR DIE!

5. Characteristics of change:
• Results from the pressure of forces –
internal & external.
• Change in any part tends to effect the
whole organization.
• Effects at varying rates of speed and
degrees of significance.

6. Forces of Change
• External Forces
– Market Conditions
– Govt Laws and
Regulations /
Political Forces
– Technology
– Social Changes
(Spread of education,
+ Govt efforts –
social equality)
• Internal Forces
– Deficiencies in
existing structure
– Workforce change
(Operative +
Managerial)
– Employee Attitude

7. Levels of Change
• Individual Level Change
• Group Level Change
• Organizational Level Change

8. Causes of Resistance to change
(Individual + Group Level)
• Economic Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Social Factors

9. Economic Factors
• Workers apprehend technological
unemployment
• Fear idealism
• Fear of demotion

10. Psychological Factors
• Maintain status quo
• Apprehend boredom
• Worker lazy & reluctant
• Incomplete knowledge about change

11. Social Factors
• Attack on status
• Change may require new social
adjustments
• Resist changes for which they aren’t
consulted.

12. Causes of Organizational
Resistance to change
• Organizational structure (bureaucratic
structure)
• Resource Constraints
• Threat to Power
• Sunk Costs

13. Education and
Communication
Education and
Communication
ParticipationParticipation
NegotiationNegotiation
Facilitation
and Support
Facilitation
and Support
Threat / FearThreat / Fear
Manipulation
and Cooptation
Manipulation
and Cooptation
Techniques for
Reducing Resistance
Techniques for
Reducing Resistance

14. Force Field Analysis /
Lewin’s Change Model
• Restraining Forces (forces for stability /
forces against change)
• Driving Forces (forces for change)

15. Lewin’s Change Model
(Force – Field Analysis)
Restraining Forces
QUASI – STATIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Driving Forces
DESIRED STATUS

16. Types of Change
• Reactive Vs Proactive
• Planned Change – application of
systematic & appropriate knowledge to
human affairs for the purpose of creating
intelligent action and choices.

17. Planned Change Theory
Change is more likely to be
successful if it is planned using
formal planning processes

18. Planned Change
• The Process (Kurt Lewin)
– Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing social
systems
• Unfreezing: neutralizing resistance by preparing
people for change.
• Changing: implementing the planned change
• Refreezing: systematically following a change
program for lasting results.

19. Lewin’s Three-Step Process
Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

20. Kurt Lewin’s Change Model
Unfreezing
Movement
Refreezing

21. Change Model

22. Drinking & Driving
Help make a change for yourself &
those you love
Among Youth
Using Kurt Lewin’s Change
Theory to Deter

23. Kurt Lewin’s Change Model
Unfreezing
Moving to a new level &
Refreezing
(Schein, 1995)
can be utilized to bring change to this social issuecan be utilized to bring change to this social issue

24. Unfreezing
Finding ways to make people let go of the old way
of thinking by creating survival anxiety as well as
psychological safety. (Schein, 1995)
• Educate audience on what is happening today
around the issue of drinking & driving- use
statistics
• Guest speakers (victims, family members of
victims, those who chose to drink and drive)
share their experiences & loss.
• Visual presentation of the aftermath of an
accident.
• Pictures and stories of the victims who died from
someone else choosing to drink and drive.

25. Christopher Oseguera
Killed by a drunk driver
“Teens burned to death in this
wreck”
www.duihope.org

26. Pfc. Ryan Owen Cootey, 18
Killed by a drunk driver
Feb. 8, 1999
On February 7, 1999, ten
marines left Camp
Pendleton on a
shuttle van. They were
going to San Diego on
leave. The shuttle
stopped at a red light.
Moments later a drunk
driver, who was fleeing
from the police,
slammed into them with
the stolen vehicle he
was driving. Five
seriously injured
Marines were rushed to
local hospitals. On
February 8, Ryan Owen
Cootey, passed away
www.duihope.org

27. Moving to a New Level
This occurs when the learner pass the
unfreezing stage where they let go of the
old way of thinking and open up to new
way of thinking.
• For example, youth sees the effect of
drinking & driving and decide that it is
not “cool” and decide to change their
perceptions and actions.

28. At this stage the change agent must makeAt this stage the change agent must make
sure the right information is available tosure the right information is available to
guide learners through the right path toguide learners through the right path to
change. Therefore, the educational sessionchange. Therefore, the educational session
should be informative and empowering. Itshould be informative and empowering. It
should also be visually appealing to youth asshould also be visually appealing to youth as
well as interesting, short to the point &well as interesting, short to the point &
positive.positive.

29. The educational session should make young
people feel that they can make a
difference and that they are the ones who
can make a difference in this societal
issue
Including them in the process of change &
handing over the responsibility can have a
strong impact on the outcomes.

30. Refreezing
Is to solidify the new way of thinking so that
the learners will not go back to the old way
of thinking.
• Constant reminders: without it people will
forget
• Advertising & repetition of the educational
presentation.

31. Advertising
– Poster board around school halls
– Billboards around town, especially at liquor
stores, pubs and buses
– Messages on alcohol containers about the
harms of drinking & driving
– At popular joint outlets/ gathering points

32. Media
A powerful way to get themessageacrossto the
youth.
• Television (TV) advertising, radio commercials,
newspaper articles
• TV “isthemost watched medium” and “eighty
percent of thepublic nominateTV astheir sourceof
information” (Social ChangeMedia, 2004)
• Hearing thesamemessagesconstantly will help to
stick it in people'sminds.

33. Role Models
young people are always looking up to
people they admire to make choices in their
own lives
Actors, singers, athletes speak out against
drinking and driving.
Use the World Wide Web
Create a web site especially for youth. For
information & support

34. Jacqueline
Saburido was
taking a break
from college and
industrial
engineering
classes when she
came to the
United States
from Venezuela to
study English. A
drunk driving
crash changed
her life
completely.

35. • Denise survived the crash, later to
have extensive surgery fifteen times,
seven on her face alone. She is now
disfigured and blind, with permanent
brain damage
Denise Wagoner
hit by a drunk driver

36. • As long as there are drunk
drivers on the road, no one
is safe to be on the road.
• You or your loved one may
be the next victim so don’t
sit back and let it happen
• Take action now! Help
prevent drinking and
driving.