Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
C1: Calculating Heat Effects and Efficiency of a Spray Dryer
1. Problem C1: Spray
Drying
Katipunan, Hazel E.
Lizardo, Syreanne C.
Maniego, Carlo P.
Revalo, Orly M.
5ChE-A
2. • Objectives
To calculate the heat effects involved in the
operation of a spray dryer
To determine the efficiency of the spray dryer
used in terms of percentage recovery of the
dried solids.
3. •Equipment / Materials
Spray Dryer with Atomizer 220 V
Air Compressor
Anemometer
Cotton
Detergent
6. •Theory
Spray Dryer
• Liquid feed is pumped into a spray-disk
atomizer.
• Droplets are formed inside cylindrical drying
chamber.
• Cooledgas is drawn by an exhaust fan through
a horizontal discharge line set in the side of
chamber.
7. •Theory
Spray Dryer
• Exhaust air passes through cyclone separator.
• Dry solids settles out of the gas into the bottom
of the chamber.
8. •Theory
Advantages of Spray Dryer:
• Very short drying time
• Production of hollow spherical particles
• Desired consistency, bulk density, appearance,
and flow properties of products may obtained
easily compared to other dryers
9. •Theory
• Yieldingfrom a slurry, in a single step, dry
product is ready for package
• May combine the functions of evaporator,
classifier, dryer, crystallizer, or size reduction
unit.
10. •Theory
Disadvantages of Spray Dryer:
• It is bulky and large equipment.
• It is not always easy to operate.
• Bulk
density of dry solid is often difficult to kept
constant.
11. •Theory
Wet Bulb Temperature
• Is the steady-state, non- equilibrium
temperature reached by a small mass of liquid
exposed under adiabatic conditions to a
continuous stream of gas
12. •Theory
Method of measuring the wet bulb
temperature:
•A thermometer or other temperature-
measuring device is covered by a wet wick,
which is saturated with pure liquid and
immersed in a stream of gas having definite
temperature and humidity.
13. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
Prestart-up Guidelines
• Liquid distributor be correctly mounted noting
the wheel be rotating freely
• Air
must be made sure that its not sucked into
the dryer system due to air leakage
• Initial
weight of the collection jar be noted and
fastened securely
14. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
• Compressed air 5 – 6 kg /cm2 (70 – 90 lbs/in2)
supplied
• Air
hose attached to the stud located at the
back of the instrument panel
• Oil
or water separator must be placed I the
compressed air line
16. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
Startup
• Open the spray dryer unit by turning on the
power
• Operation switch from 0 to M to start the fan
• Switch turned to either I, II or III depending on
inlet air temperature required. Use % timer to
desired air temperature
17. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
• With the heater on and the fan started, the
atomizer be started by completely opening the
air valve
• Distilled
water be passed to the atomizer until
required outlet air temperature obtained
• Switch
to feed slurry after obtaining desired
temperature
19. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
Following Experimental data be gathered
• Inlet air temperature, Ti
• Outlet Air Temperature, Tc
• Operating Pressure of Atomizer
• Absolute Humidity of air at Ti
• Absolute humidity of air at To
• Inlet Temperature of solids, T’
• Air Velocity
• Total Run Time
20. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
• Replacethe Collecting jar after approximately
ten minutes after the contents runs out
• Repeat the process for another feed rate by
varying the opening of feed container
21. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
Shut Down
• Switch
to distilled water noting and regulating
the amount of water fed
• Run the unit for another 5- 10 minutes
• Switch
off the heater, set the % timer to zero,
and operation switch at M
22. •Methodology/Operating Procedure
• Turnoff the water supply and turn off atomizer
3 minutes later
• Introduce cold air through the dryer for 5
minutes
• After
the retained powder have been swept
when air temp is 50 C, turn off operation to
zero
Consists of vertical cylindrical chamber into which the liquid solution is dispersed into a stream of hot gas in the form of fine droplets.Flow of the liquid and gas may be counter current, co-current, or a combination of both