3. OMM consist of 3 zones:
a.Masticatory mucosa-25%
b.Specialized mucosa-15%
c. Lining mucosa-60%
4. DEFINITION: It is that part of the oral mucous membrane that
covers the alveolar process and the cervical portions of the
teeth.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
gingiva is anatomically
divided into:
a.Marginal gingiva
b.Attached gingiva
c.Interdental gingiva
7. Various portions are seen to orginate from distinct
portions of odontogenic sequence and developing
oral mucosal tissues.
Non-keratinized junctional epi Enamel organ.
Non- keratinized sulcular epithelium & keratinized
gingival epi oral mucosa.
8. PROTECTIVE BARRIER.
FORMS AN ATTACHMENT APPARATUS TO THE TOOTH SURFACE.
BIDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES.
CAPABLE OF REACTING TO EXTERNAL STIMULI.
PRODUCES POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES
gingival epithelium is an
important initiator, mediator,
regulator of host responses..
9. 3 DIFFERENT FORMS OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA
ARE:
a. Orthokeratinized epithelium
b. Non-keratinized epithelium
c. Parakeratinized epithelum
2 MOST IMPORTANT PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR
FORMATION OF SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF EPITHELIUM
ARE:
Epithelial proliferation.
Epithelial maturation.
Maturation in the oral cavity follows two main pattern:
Keratinization(Cornification).
Non-keratinization.
10. DEPENDING ON THE LOCATION OF GINGIVAL EPITHELIUM
Oral or outer epithelium
Sulcular epithelium
Junctional epithelium
11. covers the crest and outer surface of marginal gingiva and
surface of attached gingiva.
0.2-0.3mm in thickness.
Either keratinized or parakeratinized.
Keratinized epithelim shows 4 distinct layers-
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Corneum
14. SULCULAR EPITHELIUM
lines the gingival sulcus.
thin, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium without
rete pegs.
Extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the
crest of gingival margin.
JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
consist of a collar like band of stratified squamous Non-
keratinizing epithelium.
It is formed by the confluence of oral epithelium and reduced
enamel epithelium.
Dentogingival unit: Junctional epithelium along with gingival
fibres forms the dentogingival unit.
15.
16. Tonofilaments and Desmosomes are what distinguishes them as
epithelial cell.
Tonofilaments- fibrous proteins, synthesized by ribosomes, appr
8nm, chemically they represent a class of intercellular proteins
known as Cytokeratins.
Keratins-are a family of related proteins that are the predominant
cytoskeletal proteins in all epithelia.
C1, C2, C10, C11, C12- seen in most keratinized epithelia.
C5-C14- Stratification specific cytokeratins.
C6-C16- Highly proliferative epithelium.
C4-C13- Eosophageal type Cytokeratin.
C19- Non-keratinized, Parakeratinized.
An important property of the epithelium is its ability to function
as a barrier, and this depends on its cohsiveness.
Cohisiveness is provided through-viscous intercellular material,
Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, Tonofilaments.
31. Consistency-Firm,resilient
and bound to the bone.
Surface texture-Attached
gingiva is stippled (orange
peel appearance).This is due
to the normal
protruberances and
depression in the gingiva.
Position-Level at which
gingiva is attached to the
tooth.Changes as the teeth
erupts.
Elevations and depressions are
responsible for stippled
appearence