CONTENT : Introduction Varieties Climate & Soil Sowing method Seed rate & Spacing Irrigation Interculture and weeding Isolation Method of seed production Harvesting and seed yield Special care

1. Submitted to : Dr. Sanjay Chadha
Submitted by : Rajpreet Singh
(A-2015-30-080)
TURNIP
Brassica rapa L. var. glabra

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Varieties
 Climate & Soil
 Sowing method
 Seed rate & Spacing
 Irrigation
 Interculture and weeding
 Isolation
 Method of seed production
 Harvesting and seed yield
 Special care

3. INTRODUCTION
 Botanical name : Brassica rapa L. var. glabra , chromosome no.
2n= 20, Family – Brassiceae
 It is a cool season crop, however it is grown in summer in
European countries and in the hills.
 Turnip roots are used as vegetable and leave as greens.
 Roots are Napiform
 The young leaves of Turnip are the richest source of vit. A,C
and Fe.
 Turnip has two primary centres of origin i.e
(1) Mediterranean region → Temperate/ European types
(2) Eastern Afganistan with adjoining areas of
Pakistan → Asiatic types/Tropical types.

4. VARIETIES
 Asiatic types/Tropical types: Pusa Kanchan, Pusa
Sweti and Pusa Swarnima. These varieties do not
require chilling for entering into Reproductive phase.
Seeds can be produced in North-Indian plains. We can
also produce seed in hills but it is not economical,
 Temperate/European types: Purple Top White
Globe (PTWG ), Snowball Pusa, Chanderima, Red
Top etc. These varieties require chilling for transition
from vegetative to reproductive phase. Seeds can
produced only in hills.

5. CLIMATE
 It requires a cool climate.
 It can be grown also in mild warm climate.
 It can tolerate frost to some extent.
 The root quality is adversely affected at high
temperature as roots become fibrous, hard and pungent
in taste.
 Its optimum temperature requirement is 18-23˚C.

6. SOILS
 Loam and sandy loam soils rich in organic matter is
required.
 pH - 5.5 to 6.8
 Soils should not have hard rocks, stones and big clods
because it affect the root development.
 Heavy soils hinder the proper growth and development
of roots.
 Buldging of roots is problem, covering with soil is
essential.

7. SOWING
 Seeds are sown directly on flat beds, in rows or on ridges in
rainy season.
 The seed size of turnip is very small and there is always
chance of thick sowing in the field.
 To optimize seed sowing, it is required to mix the seeds
with fine sand for uniform sowing in rows at a depth of 1-
1.5cm.
 The distance between rows or rigdes is 30cm .
 Thinning of seedling is done 10-15 days after germination
to maintain a distance of about 10cm between plants.
 Seed germination takes about 4-6 days.
 The average seed rate 4-4.5 kg/ha

8. SOWING TIME IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH
(1) Low hills- Sepetember to November
(2) Mid hills- August to October
(3) High hills- April to July

9. SOWING FOR SEED
PRODUCTION
 In hills the sowing of temperate varieties is done from july
to first week of october.
 We can produce the seeds of temperate varieties right from
mid hills to high hills. Try to ensure that roots are well
formed before onset of low temperature.
 In dry temperate areas, seed yields are more because of
more cogenial conditions. In these areas, the root formation
must be complete by first week of november.
 Thereafter, either the steclings are planted in the field or
stored in trenches and in the spring season,these are planted
for seed production

10. Contd…
 Tropical varieties in north Indian-plains are sown from
late august to september.
 Roots are ready by november
 In seed to seed method, roots are not uprooted.
 Simple thinning is done.
 In root to seed method, stecklings are prepared and
then replanted.

11. METHODS OF SEED
PRODUCTION
• There are two methods used for seed production i.e seed to
seed method( in-situ) and root to seed method.
• In our country, bulk of turnip certified seed is produced
through root to seed method but in Japan, USA or European
countries in-situ method is used for certified seed
production.
1. Seed to seed method- This method is used for
certified seed production of those varieties which donot
withstand transplanting well. The source of seed
used(FS/BS) must be 100% genetically pure . Such
certified seed should never be used again to certified seed.
(a) Grow the root crops as for market purpose.
(b) Retain healthy roots on the basis of foliage.
(c) Rouge out extra roots and sell.

12. (d) Maintain 45cm row to row distance and 30cm and plant to plant
distance.
(e) Harvest the pods when they turn brown and dry.
ADVANTAGES:-
(1) Good methods for those varieties which donot stand
transplanting well.
(2) It is economical, avoid extra cost on lifting, storage and replanting.
(3) Help in early seed maturity thus providing ample time for growing
next crop where season are short.
(4) This method gives more yield.
DISADVANTAGE:-
(1) The seeds produced from this method have low genetic purity.
(2) Systematic rouging and selection of true to type material is not
possible.
(3) Certified seed produced by this method is not used again for raising
certified seed crop.

13. CONTD,,,,
(2) Root to seed method- This method is used for
nucleus/foundation seed production.
(a) Plough the fields thrice and prepare the fine tilth.
(b) Sow the seeds on ridges.
(c) Use recommended agronomic practices as recommended
for market crop.
(d) Uproot the stecklings at the stage of edible maturity.
(e) Examine each steckling critically for varietal
characterstics .
(f) Select only true to type roots and discard all other roots.
(g) In turnip cut 1/2 or 3/4th lower portion of root and retain
1.5 to 2” of crown/top in asiatic varieties.
(h) In European varieties, whole roots are selected for
planting .
(i) Replant the prepared stecklings at a spacing of 45x30 cm
or 60x60 cm or 60x45cm.

14. ADVANTAGE:-
1) Seed produced is of high quality.
2) Systematic rouging, inspection and selection of true to
type roots is possible.
3) Steckling can be raised initially in a small area and
expanded/replanted on a larger area.
DISADVANTAGE:-
1) Attack of root rot is usually very high.
2) It is costly method( lifting ,storage, re-planting)
3) Seed yield is less as compared to seed to seed method.
4) Seed maturity is delayed by 10-15 days than seed to seed
method

15.  Seed rate-4 to 5kg/ha
 Spacing for market crop- 30cm ×7.5cm
 Spacing for seed crop- 45cm×45cm or
60cm×45cm(depemding upon the
varieties.

16. IRRIGATION
 The field should be irrigated 3-4 days before sowing to
ensure enough soil moisture for better seed
germination.
 The crop is irrigated at 6-7 days interval during
summer and 10-12 days in the winter.
 Over watering and water logging should be avoided.

17. INTERCULTURE AND
WEEDING
 About 2-3 light hoeings and hand-weedings are
necessary during the early stages of plant growth to
check the weeds and avoid smothering of young plants
by the weeds.
 Earthing up the plants once or twice at root formation
stage ensure its proper development.
 Deep hoeing should be avoided to avoid any injury to
the roots

18. ISOLATION
 Turnip is a highly cross pollinated crop.
 Isolation must be between and Chinese
cabbage, Rapa, mustard and Rutabaga.
 Isolation for foundation seed is 1600m and for
certified seed 1000m is required.

19. TURNIP PHYLLODY
 More incidence of this
disease in hills as compared
to radish.

20. HARVESTING AND SEED
YIELD
 Problem of seed shattering is there.
 Harvesting is done at proper time.
 The moment the pods turn yellowish brown, we cut the
branches/ plants and bring the produce to threshing floor.
 Harvesting is done in 2-3 intervals.
 Curing is done for 2-3 day. After that with slight
beating, the seed will come out of pods.
 Clean and dry the seed before storage.
 Seed yield of turnip is 5-6q/ha for temperate varieties and
15-25q/ha for Asiatic varieties.
 1000 seed weight is 4.3g.

21. SPECIAL CARE
 Do the sowing of turnip on the ridges.
 Keep on putting more soil on ridges while doing
hoeing.
 Special care should be taken while irrigating the
crops, as in dry area,soil dries very soon.
 Rogue out the extra plants.

22. Thank you