Evolution of 4G technology by my effort

1. By,
S.Charanya,
M.Sc.IT,Ist Yr.
Adhiparashakthi Arts and Science College,Kalavai.

2. Lets have an INTRO…
• The 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless
standards.
• It is used broadly to include several type of
broadband wireless access communication not only
cellular telephone system.
• 4G is a IP-based heterogeneous network.
• One of the term used to describe 4G is “MAGIC”,
• M-Mobile Multimedia
• A-Anytime anywhere
• G-Global mobility Support
• I-Integrated wireless solution and
• C-Customized personal service

4. First generation cellular
communication(1G)
• 1G was analog system and was developed in 1970. It had two
major improvements,
1.The invention of the microprocessor
2.Digital transform of control link between phone and the
cell sides .
3.It was based on FDMA, it allows users to make voice calls
within a country.
• DRAWBACKS:
1.Poor voice quality.
2.Poor battery life.
3.Large phones size.
4.Limited capacity and poor handoff reliability.

5. Second generation cellular
communication(2G)
• 2G phones using global system for mobile
communication(GSM) and was developed in 1990’s,that
provides voice and limited data services and uses digital
modulation for modulation for improved audio quality.
• It was based on CDMA.
The development of 2G cellular system was driven by the
need to improved .
1.Transmission quality.
2.System capacity.
• It means the demands for the following
3.Fax.
4.Short messages.
5.Data transmission going rapidly.

6. Drawbacks of 2G
• GSM is a circuit switch , connection oriented
technology , where the end systems are
dedicated for the entire systems.
• This caused inefficiency in usage of bandwidth
and resources.

7. Third generation cellular
communication(3G)
• 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G
phones by allowing videos ,audios and graphic
applications.
• Over 3G phones, we can watch streaming video
are have video telephone.
• More bandwidth, security and reliability.
• High rata rates.
• Rich multimedia services.
• Interoperability between service providers.

8. Drawbacks of 3G
• Expensive input fees for the 3G service lisences.
• Numerous differences in the lisencing terms.
• It’s a challege to build the necessary
infrastructure for 3G.
• Expense of 3G phones.
• Lack of buy-in-buy in by 3Gmmobile users for
the new 3G wireless service.

9. Here Comes 4G…
• The fourth generation(4G) technology is the fastest technology
provide for data transfer.
• What Is 4g?
• 4G if fourth generation telecommunication systems. It
provides a comprehensive solution for voice; data transfer so that
this type of data can be transferred for user anywhere, anytime and
more efficiently than of the previous technologies.
• Why 4g?
• Let us have a look at the reasons for evolution of 4G. 3G the
previous technology used for data transfer was insufficient in some
areas like support for multi-media application, wireless
teleconferencing, and full motion video. The operation of 3G across
network was difficult for it. There was a need of global service and
portability. The data packets needed to utilize the IP in its fullest
form.

10. Comparison with generations.

11. 4G’s Designation.
• The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom
• Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”
• The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-
B3710)
• The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson
(in Stockholm)
• 4G is LTE based.
i.e.LTE is a 4G wireless communications standard developed by the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) that's designed to provide up to
10x the speeds of 3G networks for mobile devices such
as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, notebooks and wireless hotspots.

12. 4G-Lte
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a radio platform
technology that will allow operators to achieve
even higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in
higher spectrum bandwidth.
The overall objective for LTE is to provide an
extremely high performance radio-access
technology that offers full vehicular speed
mobility and that can readily coexist with
HSPA and earlier networks. Because of
scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to
easily migrate their networks and users from
HSPA to LTE over time.
LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP)
network architecture and is designed to
support voice in the packet domain.

13. The Current impact.

14. Features Of 4g
• a.) 4G provides the data rate of 100Mbits/sfor
moving device and 1Gbit/s for low stationary
objects.
• b.) Between two points the minimum data rate is
100Mbits/s.
• c.) The bandwidth between 5 and 20 MHz is most
flexible bandwidth for 4G but default it is provided
till 40 MHz’s.
• d.) All the IP packets in data transfer us IPv6.
• e.) 4G provides global roaming all over the world.
• f.) Operating internet with the current operator on
your device is easy with current wireless connection.

15. •The wireless bandwidth will be
roughly 3Mbps/1.5Mbps; but this is
nowhere near the
+100Mbps/50Mbps that LTE
promises
• It has helped to provide the
portable internet connection
throughout the cities for various
devices. It provides DSL cable
option to provide to service to
miles. It provide
telecommunication, IPTV service.

16. Key 4g Technologies
• a.) OFDM
• OFDM stands for orthogonal frequency
Division Multiplexing. It is most
profitable to physical layer. It also provide
framework to improvise the performance
of the second layer.
• b.) SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
• It helps to develop a good standard of
base station. And use the radio
technology usage for accessing the
internet.
• c.) MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE
OUTPUT
• It improvises the quality of signals being
sent from transmitter to receiver or from
one device to another. It multiplexes the
signals between the antennas.
• d.) HANDOVER AND MOBILITY
• This technology is the mobile IP based
technology.

17. Special Feature with 4G
• Possible Threats that are avoided:
1. Spoofing
2. Eavesdropping
3. Phishing
4. SIP registration hijacking

18. 4G too have some drawbacks.
• Lack of coverage,because it is still a new service.
• High power usage.

19. Conclusion
• Nowadays, wireless technology is getting popular and
important in the network and the Internet field. In this paper,
I briefly introduced the history background of 1G to 5G,
compared the differences of 3G and 4G, and illustrated how
4G may work for more convenient and powerful in the future.
4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards
and technologies, which are still in developing process.
Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look
like and what services it will offer to people. However, we can
get the general idea about 4G from academic research; 4G is
the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfill the
idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, offering more
services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.