Some basic knowledge of plastics Thermosetting and thermoplastic

1. PLASTICS
•A plastic material is any of a wide
range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic organic solids that are
malleable. Plastics are typically
organic polymers of high
molecular mass, but they often
contain other substances. They
are usually synthetic, most
commonly derived from

2. Due to their relatively low cost,
ease of manufacture, versatility,
and imperviousness to water,
plastics are used in an enormous
and expanding range of
products, from paper clips to
spaceships`

3. Etymology
•The word plastic is derived from the Greek (plastikos) meaning
"capable of being shaped or molded", from (plastos) meaning
"molded". It refers to their malleability, or plasticity during
manufacture, that allows them to be cast, pressed, or extruded
into a variety of shapes—such as films, fibers, plates, tubes,
bottles, boxes, and much more.

4. Classification
Plastics are usually classified by their
chemical structure of the polymer's
backbone and side chains. Some
important groups in these
classifications are the acrylics,
polyesters, silicones, polyurethanes,
and halogenated plastics. Plastics

5. There are two main groups of
plastics:
Thermosetting
plastics
Thermoplastic

6. plastics:
Formed by heat
Made of long
polymer
chains with
few cross links
Mostly
Can be
reheated
and
reshaped
Soften when
heated

7. Initially set by
heat
Cannot be
reshaped once set
Strong and
durable
Common in
powder or resin
forms
Consist of
polymer
chains with
strong bonds
between each
chain
Thermosetting
plastics:

8. Thermoplastic plastics are made of long
chains of polymers which don’t cross
over very often. When heated, the
molecules slip easily over one another.
THERMOPL
ASTIC
individual monomer molecule
Thermosetting plastics also have lots of
long chain molecules, but there are links
between them. These cross links prevent
the molecules from moving over one
another.
THERMOSET
TING
individual monomer

9. ` Soften
The majority of common plastics are thermoplastics.
Thermoplastics can be heated and reshaped because of the ways in
which the molecules are joined together.
This can be repeated many times (as long as no damage is caused
by overheating).

10. They are heated and
moulded during
manufacture.
Once cooled, they will
not soften again when
heated. This breaks
the potentially
unending cycle that
thermoplastic plastics
are capable of.
Thermosetting plastics are those which are set
with heat and have little elasticity. Once set,
they cannot be reheated and reformed.
Cool
Harden Soften
Thermosetting
plastics:
Heat

11. Here are some common products made from
thermoplastics. Can you say which type of
thermoplastic each one is made of?
Acrylic
High density
polythene
AB
S
Low density
polythene
Polypropyl
Polystyr
ene
USES OF PLASTIC
(THERMOPLASTIC)

12. Thermosets have different qualities to
thermoplastics. Can you say which
thermoset each of these products is
made from?
Melamine
formalde
hyde
Urea
formalde
hyde
Phenol
formalde
hydeEpoxy
resin
Uses of plastics
(thermosets)

13. Properties of
plasticPlastics are innovative and adaptable, provide solutions
to design problems, and are pioneers of economic,
ecological and social progress.Many technological developments would not be possible without plastic.
Among the properties it offers are:
*Lightweight
*Resistance to breakage
*Insulating capacity (electrical, thermal and acoustic)
*Ease of handling and safety
*Versatility
*Recyclability
*Usefulness
*Simple, cheap manufacturing
*Impermeability (water, light, gases)

14. Plastics in the Construction Industry
Plastic is the generic name for a family of synthetic materials derived
from petrochemicals. It is often product of two or more components.
There are many families of plastics and polymers being used in
construction industry
*Acrylic
*Composites
*Expanded Polystyrene
*Polycarbonate
*Polyethylene
*Polypropylene
*Polyvinyl Chloride

15. Properties
Plastics have properties that make ideal building materials. Some of these properties are:
•Plastics are strong yet lightweight, and so they are easy to
transport & manoeuvre.
•They are durable, knock-and scratch resistant with excellent
weatherability.
•They do not rot or corrode.
•Plastics are easy to install; many have a snap-fit kind of jointing
procedures.
•Plastics offer limitless possibilities in design achieved by
extrusion, bending, moulding etc.
•They can be given any range of colours by adding pigments.
•The plastics are low conductors of heat and thus are used as
insulation materials in green building concepts.

16. Products
Some of the examples below are Products of Plastics in the
Construction indust
•Pipes : Electrical Conduits, Rain Water & Sewage pipes, Plumbing, Gas
Distributions.
•Cables : PVC Insulation on cables, Insulation Tapes .
•Floorings : Flooring tiles & Rolls .
•Domes / sky lights : Opaque as well as transparent.
•Roofing : Coloured or Double skinned for insulation.
•Windows & doors : Extruded sections for Door and windows and panels.
•Storage tanks : Storage tanks.
•Hardware accessories : Washers, Nut bolts, Sleeves, Anchoring wires.
•Temporary structures: Guard cabins, tents
•Insulation materials: PVC sheets, insulating membranes.

17. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC
Advantages of plastic are light in weight.
They can be easily moulded and have excellent finishing.
They possess very good strength and toughness. They
possess good shock absorption capacity.
Advantages of plastic are corrosion resistant and
chemically inert.
They have low thermal expansion of co-efficient and
possess good thermal and electrical insulating property.
Advantages of plastic is very good water resistant and
possess good adhesiveness.
Plastic is strong, good and cheap to produce.
Plastic is a recycling process and it does not decompose.

18. Plastic is one of the unbreakable.
Plastic is an odourless.
Plastic is used for building, construction, electronics,
packaging (gladwrap) and transportation industries.
Used to make - Water bottles, pens, plastic bags,
cups etc.
Advantages of plastic are Very cheap to make.
Durability
Strength
Chemical resistance.
Advantages of plastic are used to produce another
product.

19. Disadvantages of plastics:
Plastic is a nonrenewable resources.
Plastic is softness.
causes CANCER
Disadvantage of plastics are embrittlement
at low temperature.
Disadvantage of plastics are deformation
under load.
Disadvantage of plastics are low heat
resistant and poor ductility.
Disadvantage of plastics are combustibility.
Produces toxic fumes when it is burnt

20. Applications for
Plastics
Packaging
Construction
Automobile Manufacture
Electronic Devices
Around the House

21. SUBMITTED BY
ALISH
ANG
ADHAIZ
ALHOLI
KAANMO
L