2. Quality Circle
⢠A Quality Circle is a volunteer group composed
of workers (or even students)
⢠usually under the leadership of their supervisor
(but they can elect a team leader)
⢠who are trained to identify, analyse and solve
work-related problems
⢠and present their solutions to management
⢠in order to improve the performance of the
organization
⢠and motivate and enrich the work of employees
3. ⢠When matured, true quality circles become self-
managing, having gained the confidence of management
⢠. Quality circles are an alternative to the dehumanising
concept of the Division of Labour, where workers or
individuals are treated like robots
⢠They bring back the concept of Craftsmanship, which
when operated on an individual basis is uneconomic
⢠but when used in group form (as is the case with Quality
Circles), it can be devastatingly powerful
⢠and enables the enrichment of the lives of the workers or
students and creates harmony and high performance in
the workplace
4. ⢠Their name Quality Circles received from PDSA
circles of Dr. W.Edward Deming. Quality circles
were first established in Japan in 1962
⢠Kaoru Ishikawa has been credited with their
creation. The movement in Japan was coordinated
by the Japanese Union of Scientists and
Engineers (JUSE).
⢠The first circles were established at the Nippon
Wireless and Telegraph Company but then spread
to more than 32 other companies in the first year
⢠By 1978 it was claimed that there were more
than one million Quality Circles involving some 10
million Japanese workers
5. CONTOL CHART
⢠The control chart, also known as the
Shewhart chart or process-behaviour
chart
⢠in statistical process control is a tool
used to determine whether a
manufacturing or business process is in a
state of statistical control or not.
6. The control chart
⢠is one of the seven basic tools of quality
control along with
⢠the histogram
⢠Pareto chart, check sheet
⢠cause-and-effect diagram
⢠flowchart
⢠scatter diagram).
7. The control chart
⢠was invented by Walter A. Shewhart
⢠while working for Bell Labs in the 1920s
8.
9. HISTOGRAM
⢠In statistics, a histogram is a graphical
display of tabulated frequencies
⢠shown as bars
⢠It shows what proportion of cases fall into
each of several categories
⢠it is a form of data binning.
10. Histograms
⢠are used to plot density of data
⢠and often for density estimation estimating the
probability density function of the underlying
variable
⢠The total area of a histogram always equals 1
⢠If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are
all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative
frequency plot.
11.
12. FISH-BONE DIAGRAM
⢠Ishikawa diagrams
⢠also called fishbone diagrams
⢠or cause-and-effect diagrams
⢠are diagrams that show the causes of a certain
event.
⢠Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention
⢠to identify potential factors causing an overall
effect.
13. Ishikawa diagrams
⢠Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru
Ishikawa[1] in the 1960s
⢠who pioneered quality management
processes in the Kawasaki shipyards
⢠and in the process became one of the
founding fathers of modern management.
14. fishbone diagram
⢠It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of
the seven basic tools of quality management
⢠along with the histogram
⢠Pareto chart
⢠check sheet
⢠control chart
⢠flowchart
⢠and scatter diagram
⢠It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape,
similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.
15. The original 4 M's
⢠Machine (Equipment)
⢠Method (Process/Inspection)
⢠Material (Raw,Consumables etc.)
⢠Man
16.
17. More categories
⢠Mother Nature (Environment)
⢠Man Power (physical work)
⢠Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions
⢠Measurement (Inspection)
⢠Maintenance
⢠Money Power
⢠Management
18. The 8 P's (Used In Service
Industry)
⢠People
⢠Process
⢠Policies
⢠Procedures
⢠Price
⢠Promotion
⢠Place/Plant
⢠Product
19. The 4 S's (Used In Service Industry)
⢠Surroundings
⢠Suppliers
⢠Systems
⢠Skills
20. Pareto chart
⢠A Pareto chart is a type of chart which
contains both bars and a line graph
⢠The bars display the values in descending
order
⢠and the line graph shows the cumulative
totals of each category, left to right.
⢠The chart was named for Vilfredo Pareto.
21.
22. A simple flowchart
⢠A flowchart is a common type of chart, that
represents an algorithm or process
⢠showing the steps as boxes of various kinds
⢠and their order by connecting these with
arrows.
⢠Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing,
documenting or managing a process or program
in various fields.[1]
23.
24. flow process chart
⢠The first structured method for documenting
process flow, the "flow process chart", was
introduced by Frank Gilbreth
⢠to members of ASME in 1921 as the
presentation âProcess Charts
⢠First Steps in Finding the One Best Way.
Gilbreth's tools quickly found their way into
industrial engineering curricula.
25. flow process chart
⢠In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer,
Allan H. Mogensen began training business
people
⢠in the use of some of the tools of
industrial engineering
⢠at his Work Simplification Conferences in
Lake Placid, New York.
26. flow process chart
⢠Douglas Hartree explains that Herman
Goldstine and John von Neumann
⢠developed the flow chart (originally,
diagram) to plan computer programs.[
⢠2] His contemporary account is endorsed
by IBM engineers[3] and by Goldstine's
personal recollections.[4]
27. TYPES
⢠[9] More recently Mark A. Fryman (2001) stated
that there are more differences
⢠. Decision flowcharts
⢠logic flowcharts
⢠systems flowcharts
⢠product flowcharts
⢠and process flowcharts
⢠are "just a few of the different types of
flowcharts that are used in business and
government.[10]
28. scatter plot
⢠A scatter plot is a type of display using
Cartesian coordinates to display values for two
variables for a set of data.
⢠The data is displayed as a collection of points
⢠each having the value of one variable
determining the position on the horizontal axis
⢠and the value of the other variable determining
the position on the vertical axis
⢠[2] A scatter plot is also called a scatter chart,
scatter diagram and scatter graph.