Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction

City & Guilds Construction
© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 25
PowerPointpresentation
Accidents and emergency reporting, procedures and
documentation, and hazards in the workplace
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction

Objectives
By the end of this session you will be able to:
• State legislation used for reporting accidents
• State major types of emergences that can occur
• Identify reportable injuries' and diseases as per RIDDOR
• Identify the authorised personal involved in dealing with accident and emergency
situations
• Know what actions are taken when discovering an accident
• State the importance of good housekeeping on site and the reasons for risk
assessments and method statements
• Identify types of hazards and the correct storage of chemicals on site
• Identify different signs and safety notices used on site

Accidents
What is an accident ?
• An accident is an unforeseen, unplanned and uncontrolled event
• An accident is an unfortunate event resulting especially form carelessness or
ignorance
Types of emergencies on site
• As well as accidents other incidents can occur like fire, bomb alerts, chemical spillage
and security alerts
Reporting accidents
• All accidents, including near misses, must be reported to the Health
and Safety Executive (HSE) by employers. Also, employees must report all accidents and
near misses to their supervisor. This is so that the cause can be analysed and action
taken to prevent incidents happening again.

Accidents continued
Reporting accidents
• An accident that causes death, major injury or absence from work for more than 3
days must be reported to the HSE using an Accident Record Form. Minor accidents
are usually reported in an Accident Book.
• A manager or supervisor normally completes accident reports. You might need to
give information if you are involved or witnessed the accident.
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
(RIDDOR) 1995
Why report accidents?
• Reporting accidents allows you to look closely at what causes accidents. This means
that you can take action to prevent them in future.

Accidents continued
The Accident Book
• All accidents, even minor ones, have to be entered into the
employer’s Accident Book at work.
These facts must be recorded
• The name of the injured person, home address and occupation
• The signature of the person making the entry, home address,
occupation and date
• When and where the accident happened
• A brief description of the accident, cause and what the injury is
• Whether it is reportable to the HSE (this is the employer’s
responsibility).
Activity Now complete activity sheet 4 and carefully follow the
instructions

Reporting Accidents

Types of accidents in the construction sector
There were 49 fatal injuries to workers in Construction in 2011/12, 23 of these
fatalities were to the self-employed.
The main cause of construction worker fatalities were:

There were 2,230 reported major injuries to construction employees in
2011/12.
The most common causes of major injuries to construction employees
were:

Reported non-fatal injuries per year to employees in construction
between 2006/07 and 2010/11 (main occupations)

What do the accident figures tell us?
Activity
Look at the tables on the previous slides Check you understand the
figures.
Use the percentages to make a chart or diagram.
See activity sheet 5 for full details.
Discuss the main findings.
What causes most accidents?
What occupation had the most accidents ?

The importance of good housekeeping
You are responsible for health and safety – even if you don’t directly
employ the people working on your site
• Keep your site clean and tidy, with clear space for people to work in
• Keep people, including the public, away from danger
• Fence the site off and use warning signs

Fact
Each year around 1000 trips or slips on construction sites involve someone
fracturing bones or dislocating joints
These incidents can cause permanent disablement and have a huge impact on
both work and personal life. Many of are caused simply because there is
something in the person’s way, such as building materials or waste
Materials storage
Safe and efficient materials storage depends on good co-operation and co-
ordination between everyone involved including, client, contractors, suppliers
and the construction trades.
Waste management
The legislation governing the proper disposal of waste, ranging from low risk
waste through to hazardous waste . These laws are enforced by the
Environment Agency and Local Authorities.

Top tips for waste management on smaller projects:

Risk Assessments
A risk assessment is careful study of some work that is to be done so
as to identify the risks to health and safety of the persons who are
going to do it, to decide how those risks can be eliminated or avoided,
or what control measures are needed so that the work can be done
safely and without risks to health.

How to assess the risks in your workplace
Follow the five steps
Step 1 - Identify the hazards
Step 2 - Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3 - Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Step 4 - Record your findings and implement them
Step 5 - Review your assessment and update if necessary
Activity
Complete activity sheet 7 place the risks in the correct order

Types of hazards in the workplace
Common hazards on construction sites
• Faults in equipment and tools
• Stored substances
• Dangerously stacked materials
• Materials obstructing safe access, or simply a lack of site safety.
• Falls
• Falling objects
• Electricity
Over a third of hazards reported are from trips and falls

Types of hazards in the workplace
Activity
Watch the video and follow the instructions can you identify the
hazards in the workplace?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxRND5URu0I

The Storage of Chemical in the workplace
Using and storing hazardous substances on construction sites are a
major health and safety risk
• How do you know a substance is hazardous?
• COSHH data sheets
• Most substances carry a warning sign and usage instructions
NEVER USE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES UNLESS YOU HAVE HAD
CLEAR GUIDANCE ON USAGE

The Storage of Chemical in the workplace continued
Definitions
Substance means any natural or artificial material, whether solid, liquid
or gaseous or
vapour form, and includes micro-organisms.
Hazard is the ability of the substance to cause harm, illness or damage
to health.
Risk is the likelihood that the hazardous potential of the substance will
be released.

Method statements
A method statement is a useful way of recording the hazards involved in specific work task and
communicating the risk and precautions required to all those involved in the work.
Key points
• The statement need be no longer than necessary to achieve these objectives effectively.
• The statement should be clear and illustrated by simple sketches where necessary.
• Avoid ambiguities or generalisations, which could lead to confusion.
• Statements are for the benefit of those carrying out the work and their immediate supervisors and
should not be overcomplicated.
• Equipment needed for safe working should be clearly identified and available before work starts
• Workers should know what to do if the work method needs to be changed.
Examples of completed method statements and a blank template
http://www.healthandsafetyworksni.gov.uk/example_method_statements_and_template#ems6

Safety signs and the law
• Employers are required to provide safety signs to ensure employees are
aware of what does or may affect health and safety
• Each type has a shape and colour
• They use few words but give the message quickly using symbols and
pictures
• There are four types of signs in
general use
• Each site will have signs at the
site entrance

The four types of safety signs
Mandatory - Must obey, white symbol on a blue
background
Warning - Risk of danger, hazard ahead, triangular with a
yellow background
Prohibition - Stop must not do, Red on a white
background
Safe conditions - Gives you information, Green with a
white symbol

Activity
Watch the video on poor safety and discuss what went wrong?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X19HNwZnKuc

Safety Signs
To be safe at work make sure you understand and recognise the
different safety signs visible around the site
Activity
Using activity sheet 6 match the signs with the meaning and the type of
sign displayed.
You can work in groups or individually.

Any questions?

Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction

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Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction