This document discusses knowledge transfer between researchers and policymakers. It begins with an overview of the knowledge cycle and evidence-based healthcare. It notes that while researchers seek truth and policymakers seek compromise, their common goal is improving public health. The document recommends establishing units to facilitate knowledge transfer and decision support. It also suggests training policymakers to identify how research can help and accessing evidence to inform decisions. The overall message is that researchers and policymakers must understand each other and work together toward their shared goal of improving health outcomes.

1. Knowledge Transfer, and Evidence-Informed Health Policy Undersecretary Meeting, Feb. 26, 2009 Ghaiath M.A. Hussein MBBS, MHSc. (Bioethics) Research Directorate Federal Ministry of Health

4. خريطة توضح حجم دول العالم من حيث الإنفاق على البحوث والتنمية وأكثر واقل عشر دول إنفاقا على البحوث في العالم ( بالدولار لكل مواطن لكل عام ). المصدر : www.worldmapper.org

5. خريطة توضح حجم دول العالم من حيث عدد المقالات العلمية المنشورة، وجدول يوضح عدد المقالات العلمية المنشورة لكل مليون من السكان لعام 2001 م . المصدر : www.worldmapper.org

6. The ‘Classical’ Knowledge Cycle Researchers Policy makers

10. Components of EBM/H Modified from Huneborg, 2000 EBHC Individual Clinical /Policy Expertise Best External Evidence Patient/Population’s Values & Expectations

13. Hierarchy of Evidence Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trials with definitive results RCTs with non-definitive results Cohort studies Case Control studies Cross-sectional surveys Case reports / opinions

14. Evidence Pyramid

16. Science Decision-Making

17. You’re 30 metres above the ground in a balloon You must be a researcher Yes. How did you know? Because what you told me is absolutely correct but completely useless You must be a policy maker Yes, how did you know? Because you don’t know where you are, you don’t know where you’re going, and now you’re blaming me The problem / 30 Where am I?

18. A research institution is a "knowledge" factory Input: information Output: information Processing Knowledge

19. The policy and execution grinding mill Information Policy and communication Processing Knowledge Analyses of threats and benefits Impact Testing Evaluation

20. Many “Leaks” from research & practice If 80% achieved at each stage then 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.21 Aware Accept Target Doable Recall Agree Done Valid Research

25. Source: Institute of Health Economics, Alberta, Canada, 2008. Stakeholders for different types of research

30. Feature distinguishing ( academic ) research and policy-makers Researchers Policy - makers Overall goal To advance science To improve the performance of health systems Specific objectives Tenure track positions Publications To gain popular and political support Output Detailed reports, based on science Press release s Desired outcome Respect of peers Perception more important than what happens in reality Time factor Some studies can take years Demand results in the short term Accountable to Peers and editors of medical journals Cabinet and c onstituents

31. How to Bridge the gaps? Science Decision-Making Knowledge Brokers

34. Reza Majdzadeh

35. What we do now as Research Directorate? Train, Review, curricula Seminars Website Database