1. Introduction to Health Research Joint Program for Family & Community Medicine (Jeddah, January 16, 2010) Ghaiath M.A. Hussein MBBS, MHSc. (Bioethics)

4. Where does a doctor work? clinician manager ً Health facility Educational lecturer Head dept./ Dean researcher Managerial planner executive Community educator advocate promoter

5. But this how it really looks manager planner Promoter

7. خريطة توضح حجم دول العالم من حيث الإنفاق على البحوث والتنمية وأكثر واقل عشر دول إنفاقا على البحوث في العالم ( بالدولار لكل مواطن لكل عام ). المصدر : www.worldmapper.org

8. خريطة توضح حجم دول العالم من حيث عدد المقالات العلمية المنشورة، وجدول يوضح عدد المقالات العلمية المنشورة لكل مليون من السكان لعام 2001 م . المصدر : www.worldmapper.org

10. The Knowledge Management Cycle Research Policy makers Statistics Clinicians

11. Definition Systematic Methodolic scientific approach for basic facts around a certain problem in order to find solutions based on these facts.

12. Systematic: The research developed, implemented and reported in a systematic manner. Methodolic: Adopt & use skillfully the research methods, materials ,approaches in order to ensure reliability of the results & findings. Scientific : The research should be scientifically sound through utilizing scientific approaches , tools & techniques.

17. Biomedical Research It considers the life cycle of the micro-organisms in the human body and the effects of the infection on the various systems of the body.

18. Clinical research It determines the efficacy of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

19. Estimates the frequency, distribution, risk factors and causes of diseases. Epidemiological Research

23. 2. Health Policy Research: It is research into resource allocation between levels of care or geographical areas.

24. Research Problem The selected research problem should fulfill the following criteria: 1. The problem should be an important major health problem. 2. The problem should have some chance of being solved. 3. The research should be feasible within the available time & one that requires reasonable resources.

25. The Criteria for Prioritizing Problems for Research 1. Relevance. 2. Avoidance of duplication. 3. Feasibility. 4. Political acceptability. 5. Applicability of possible results & recommendations. 6. Urgency of data need. 7. Ethical acceptability.

26. How does research improve health? 3/15/2010 Research Ethics. Ghaiath

28. What makes a good research?

29. Steps to conduct research

31. Science Decision-Making

32. A research institution is a "knowledge" factory Input: information Output: information Processing Knowledge

33. The policy and execution grinding mill Information Policy and communication Processing Knowledge Analyses of threats and benefits Impact Testing Evaluation

34. Many “Leaks” from research & practice Aware Accept Target Doable Recall Agree Done Valid Research If 80% achieved at each stage then 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.21

35. Where am I? You’re 30 metres above the ground in a balloon You must be a researcher Yes. How did you know? Because what you told me is absolutely correct but completely useless You must be a policy maker Yes, how did you know? Because you don’t know where you are, you don’t know where you’re going, and now you’re blaming me The problem 35 / 30