1. Impact of Kickstart treadle
pumps in East Africa
Ephraim Nkonya (IFPRI)
Beatrice Salasya (KickStart
International)

2. Where the KS pump owners located?
Pump owners in
(i) Dry areas (e.g.
north-central Kenya,
Tabora in TZ
(ii) Humid & Sub-humid
e.g. Western Kenya,
North-east Tanzania
Market access differ
significantly in all
Locations
Selection will take these
differences into account

3. Conceptual Framework
Treadle
pump
purchased
HH income
& assets ↑
Homestead
water supply ↑
Homestead
water
management
changes
Food and
agriculture
production ↑
Hygiene &
sanitation
improves ↑
Dietary
diversity ↑
Food
expenditures ↑
Healthcare
expenditures ↑
Poor water
drainage &
breeding
mosquitos
Improved
health &
nutrition
Worsened
health

4. KickStart International Approach
• Market based acquisition of treadle pumps –
no subsidies or any other support to pump
buyer – only one year guarantee given
• Cheap pump targeted to the poor (pumps
price <US$100)
• Manual – treadle pumps – so cheap to
operate in remote areas

5. Source of funds to purchase pumps,
preliminary based on results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kenya Tanzania
%reportingsourceoffunds
Own funds
Other sources

6. Ownership of pumps across gender,
2010 sales
21
4
79
96
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kenya Tanzania
%ofpumpowneracrossgender
Female
Male

7. Questions asked on gender
• Ownership of assets
• Who controls revenue from pumps & other
economic activities?
• Changes of sanitary & hygiene practices for
men, women, children
• Gender division of all economic activities
• Many other gender disaggregated socio-
economic data collected

8. Challenges
• Children age out of the sample group in three
year period, so hard to collect panel data to
assess impact on individual children under 5
yrs age
• Treatment (buying pumps) is not randomized
since it operates through open market
• Promotion of pumps done using mass media
• Six year data collection is expensive and takes
long time to collect