6. Culture and globalization (W. Mignolo 1998) 1500’s 1800’s 1900s 21 st century HISTORICAL EVENT Spanish conquest of America: “literal” globalization Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Capital SITE OF POWER Spanish Empire British Empire United States Global market KEY Christianization Civilization Development Participation DICHOTOMY Christian/heathen Civilized/ barbarian Developed/ underdeveloped Insiders/ outsiders CULTURE «true faith» as European treasure; imperative to propagate faith «treasure» that belongs to Europe to be enjoyed by other cultures Site of theory vs. Site of «corpus» Language- Literature-Culture: European Resignification of minority cultures Dïversity EDUCATION Religious studies Liberal Humanism Works of great civilizations «English» Multiculturalism Cultural studies
10. THE INCLUSION OF “CULTURE” IN THE LANGUAGE CURRICULUM Communicative Classical Instrumental/Value-free Deconstructionist Competence L- CULTURE Culture separate from L points Language secondary to Culture Language as mechanism of cultural transmission; TSs manipulated by implicit messages due to cultural construction of texts Knowledge of a language’s culture essential to full understanding of nuances of meaning APPROACH COMMUNICATIVE CLASSICAL-CURRICULUM INSTRUMENTAL VALUE-FREE CRITICAL LITERACY AND CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ETHNOGRAPHY LANGUAGE L quickly usable in specific contexts Access route to culture Contextualized in Ss’ own region and culture L gives access to communities that share knowledge/socioeconomic function L perpetuates a social order and value system implicit in its forms of use Has a singular nature and becomes the single collecting ground for products of diverse cultural practices in which it is involved CULTURE Source of “carrier content” Can enhance intellectual value of the L danger of cultural contamination Financial, technological and scientific knowledge as value-free Values promoted through implicit messages A culture involves series of social practices surrounding the use and creation o f written language. EXAMPLE: Racial video to enhance discussion skills Ancient Languages (language of logic and rationality) EFL in Uruguay Holme, R. (2003) "Carrying a baby in the back: teaching with an awareness of the cultural construction of language" In Context and Culture in Language Teaching and Learning, Ed. M. Byram & P. Grundy Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Pp. 18-21