During the last ten years, an overwhelming amount of data has been generated from culturing independent techniques to study the diversity of marine protists. These studies show a large diversity and the existence of new groups, such as for MAST (Marine Stramenopiles) or MALV (Marine Alveolates). However, a large part of these sequences has not been analysed together, and constitutes a potentially important source of information related with protists diversity and distribution. Using sequences from our studies and from GenBank and CAMERA, we have been able to define several novel clades in three important marine representative groups such are Choanoflagellates, Chrysophytes and Bicosecids. Most of the novel clades correspond to uncultured organisms. Analyzing all sequences together permits to observe this diversity, which was already presented by generally ignored. Only an important data mining work developed using GenBank allows this novel diversity hidden inside well know groups to emerge from the enormous sea of data generated.

1. Institut de Ciències del Mar
Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies

2. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
34 works based on clone libraries have
been published since the first study in
2001

3. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
Organism Taxonomic affiliation*
Cafeteria roembergensis Eukaryota; Chromoalveolata; Stramenopiles; Bicosoecida
Caecitellus parvulus Eukaryota; Chromoalveolata; Stramenopiles; Bicosoecida
Boroka karpovii
Eukaryota; Chromoalveolata; Stramenopiles; Bicosoecida
AKA Pseudobodo tremulans
Neobodo designis Eukaryota; Excavata; Kinetoplastea; Metakinetoplastina;
Neobodonida
Rhynchomonas nasuta Eukaryota; Excavata; Kinetoplastea; Metakinetoplastina;
Neobodonida
Ancyromonas sigmoides Eukaryota; Incertae sedis; Ancyromonas
Amastigomonas debruynei Eukaryota; Incertae sedis; Amastigomonas
Pteridomonas danica
AKA Actiinomonas mirabilis
Eukaryota; Chromoalveolata; Stramenopiles; Dictyophyceae;
Pedinllales
Paraphysomonas imperforata Eukaryota; Chromoalveolata; Stramenopiles; Chrysophyceae;
Chromolinales
*According to Adl. et al. J.Eukaryot. Microbiol. Vol. 52 2005

4. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies

5. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
FFAA FFOO MA CCooaassttaall MMOOOOppeenn O Occeeaann

6. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
Clade C
Clade B1
Clade A
Clade B2
Clade E
Clade D
Clade I
Clade H
Clade G
Clade F1
Clade F2

7. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
Clade 2
Clade 1
MACH 7
MACH 6
MACH 4
MACH 3
MACH 5
MACH 8
MACH 2
MACH 1
Clade 3

8. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
Freshwater
Cafeteria
Bicosoeca
Caecitellus
Halocafeteria
Boroka

9. Ecology and Diversity of Aquatic Protists
Advances and Methodologies
Well-known cultured HNF are not usually found in clone libraries. That
indicates that novel taxa are dominant in the aquatic environments.
After combining sequences retrieved from different environmental studies new
clusters are constituted. This is what we have defined as Emerging Diversity.
Emerging diversity will probably appear in all protists lineages. A deep
analysis of molecular surveys is needed to improve protists phylogeny.
This and other related studies indicates that most of the HNF are not
cultured. Is extremely important to increase the culturing effort and
assume that an strong culturing bias is affecting the study of HNF.

10. Resolving Species in Marine Protists
4th to 5th of December 2008
Vanessa
Balagué
Dr. Fernando
Unrein
Dr. Fabrice
Not
Irene
Forn
Prof. Ramon
Massana
Raquel
Rodríguez
thanks for
your attention